CSA-Journal-2016-04

Volume 16, Number 4 • December 2016 

Official Publication of the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc. 

Cym. Regent Khan 'Ozelworth' 

In This Issue 

In Memoriam Ernest Hetherington 

Ask the Experts 

Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums 

Parishii Regained 

Rev. Parish's Cymbidium 

Duffer's Corner: You Cant Tell the Players Without a Program- Part 1 

2016 Cumulative Index

Save the Date 

42 th Annual 

Cymbidium Congress 

Saturday, March 18, 2017 

Santa Barbara, California 

i n t e r n at i o n a l ly known lec t u r e r s 

fa m e d cy m b i d i u m co n g r e s s au c t i o n 

u n l i m i t e d entry to 

s a n ta b a r b a r a internat i o n a l orch i d s h o w 

g a l a awa r d s b a n q u e t...a n d more 

www.cymbidium.org 

www.sborchidshow.com

The Official Publication of the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc. 


Volume 16, Number 4 • 2016 

Table of Contents 

The Editor's Page ..............................................................4 

The President's Page ..........................................................5 

Cover Flower ........................................................................3 

In Memoriam Ernest Heatherington 

By Paul Gripp ....................................................................7 

Ask the Experts. ..............................................................13 


By Holger Perner ...............................................................17 


By Emma Menninger .............................................................30 

The Rev. Parish's Cymbidium 

By Wm. Jeff Trimble .............................................................34 

Duffer's Corner: You can't Tell the Players Without a Program - Part 1 

By Andy Cameron ..............................................................39 

CSA Awards, 2015 New Zealand and Santa Barbara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

New Orchid Hybrids (July to September 2015) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 

New Orchid Hybrids (October to December 2015) .............................59 

2016 Cumulative Index .......................................................65 

THE CSA JOURNAL (ISSN 1541-5341) is published four times a year by the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc., 5710 Hollister 

Ave., #270, Goleta, CA 93117. Annual membership in the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc., which includes a subscription to 

the CSA Journal, is $35.00 a year. Of the $35.00 annual membership dues, $30 covers a year’s subscription to the CSA Journal. 

Single copies are $12 .00. While the CSA Journal strives to present responsibility for transactions between readers and advertisers, 

neither the publisher nor the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc., can assume responsibility for transactions between readers and 

advertisers. Periodicals postage paid at Santa Barbara, CA 93119 and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address 

changes to the CSA Journal, 5710 Hollister Ave., #270, Goleta, CA 93117. 

1

The Official Publication of the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc. 


Volume 16, Number 2 • 2016 

Color Illustrations 

Cymbidium Alcor 'Sorella' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 

Cymbidium Balkis 'Silver Orb'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Cymbidium Betty Vance 'Nessie' S/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Cymbidium Corakiwi 'Avril' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 

Cymbidium Devon Parish 'Dark Eyes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 

Cymbidium devonium hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Cymbidium Doris Hirata 'Superstar' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 

Cymbidium Dryad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 

Cymbidium ensifolium 'Noble Lotus'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

Cymbidium Fifington 'My Van' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Cymbidium Geno's Gem 'Shortstop' B/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

Cymbidium Gladys Whitsel 'The Charmer' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 

Cymbidium goeringii seedling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25 

Cym. hookerianum, young seedlings in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 

Cymbidium Hengduan's Isabell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

Cymbidium Irish Wind 'Yeah Right' B/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Cymbidium John William Easton 'New Horizon' S/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

Cymbidium Kiwi Snow 'Snowball' AD/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 

Cymbidium Kydan's Flame 'Redvale' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Cymbidium lancifolium, large leaf form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Cymbidium lancifolium, small leaf form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 

Cymbidium Langleyense 'Hatfields' C/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Cymbidium leaf with thrip damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

Cymbidium Leroys Hazel 'Aria' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Hatfields' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 

Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Oxnard' B/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 

Cymbidium macrorhizon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

Cymbidium Mad Cindy 'Hatfields' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 

Editor.......................................................... Sylvia Darr 

Editorial Board ..................................Andy Cameron, Kevin Hill, 

Ken Jacobsen, Phyllis Prestia 

Guest Editor...............................................Heidi Kirkpatrick 

Proofreaders.................................. Maggie Madden, Terri Elkin 

EDITORIAL SUBMISSIONS 

Please submit articles and advertising 

materials two months before the 

issue date to: 

Sylvia Darr 

cymbidiumsocietyjournal@gmail.com 

2

Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Heart of Gold' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

Cymbidium Orange Sunrise 'Good Morning' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Cymbidium parishii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 

Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem Emma Menninger' x Aunty Violet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 

Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem. Emma Menninger' x James Toya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 

Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34 

Cymbidium Regent Khan 'Ozelworth' S/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . front cover, 44 

Cymbidium tortisepalum album . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

Cymbidium (tortisepalum var. longibracteatum x wenshanense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27 

Cymbidium Tower of Fire 'Anya' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

Cymbidium wenshanense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

Germination of Cym. goeringii in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 

Germination of Cym. hookerianum in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 

Grammatocymbidium Pakkret Adventure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Misting piping in a shade house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii under lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 23 

Micorrhizomes of Cym tortisepalum in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Mystaciudium capense 'Carrie Chu' CCE-FCC/AOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Olof Peter Swartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 

Paphiopedilum Debbie Robinson 'Keith' S/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, back cover 

Paphiopedilum Hot Stuff 'Sundancer' S/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 

Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Goddess' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

Paphiopedilum moquetteanum 'Monsoon Freckles' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 

Paphiopedilum Pitch Blend 'Monsoon Perfect Pitch B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

Paphiopedilum Rebecca Sloniker 'Rebecca' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Paphiopedilum rungsuryianum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Paphiopedilum Spring Wolf 'Jack' B/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

Paphiopedilum Voodoo Eyes 'Monsoon Fire Gem - 1' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

Paphiopedilum Voodoo Wonder 'Shellnick Ruby' B/CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Paphiopedilum Wonder Jack 'Rebecca' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Moonsoon Platinum Fall' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#1' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#2' B/CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

Standard cymbidiums in a greenhouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

The Cover Flower 

Cymbidium Regent Khan 'Ozelworth'' 

(Cym. Valley Regent x Cym.Lancashire Khan) 

Silver Award --81.7 points 

CSA Show, Western Springs, New Zealand 

August 8, 2015, 

Owner: Andy & Kannika Price 

Photographer: C. Hubbard 

3

The Editor's Page 

Welcome to the final issue of the 

CSA Journal for 2016. This is 

a special issue as it announces 

the 2017 CSA Congress, March 18, 2017. 

The President's Page (opposite) discusses 

the Congress in detail. Be sure to 

register now to get the Early Bird rate. 

A registration form is at the back of 

this issue, and downloadable from the 

CSA website. Online registration is also 

available at www.cymbidium.org. 

As many are aware, the cymbidium 

world lost two of the pillars of our 

community in the last year, Ernest 

Hetherington and Tony Velardi. Ernest 

has been celebrated by the CSA over 

the years; notably the March/April 2008 

issue of the CSA Journal was devoted to 

honoring him. Dr. Randall Robinson 

will continue that celebration by talking 

about Ernest's "Challenge to Us All", as 

the dinner speaker at the Cymbidium 

Congress. 

The CSA Board recently decided to 

honor Tony & Gina Velardi by endowing 

an annual lecture at the CSA Congress 

in their name. The Velardi Memorial 

Lecture will be given each year at the 

Congress which will honor the many 

contributions Tony & Gina made to 

cymbidium growing, hybridizing, judging, 

education, and to the CSA itself. 

Anyone wishing to contribute to the 

fund in memory of Tony & Gina may do 

so by sending your contribution to the 

CSA Treasurer (see more information on 

page 6). 

It is time once again to renew your 

membership for 2017. We talk about 

membership renewals a lot in this journal, 

because of course, you, our members, 

are important to the success of the 

CSA. I hope that you have noticed the 

organization changing and improving 

in the last year--certainly the Board 

of Directors has been working hard to 

make that happen. Please renew your 

membership soon, in order to keep the 

2017 issues of the journal coming your 

way. Better yet, go to www.cymbidium. 

org and renew your membership at the 

same time as you register for the 2017 

Congress! 

Once again, thank you for your 

comments and suggestions to the editor. 

Special thanks to Don Brown, who 

suggested that I reach out to Holger Perner 

for the article that we are publishing here, 

"Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums". 

It is an updated version of an article that 

Holger previously published in a scholarly 

journal. Thank you also to the AOS, and 

Ron McHatton, for giving us permission 

to republish Emma Menninger's article 

"Parishii Regained", and to Wm. Jeff 

Trimble who gives us an updated view of 

the state of parishii. 

Please keep your comments and 

suggestions coming, and don't forget to 

send in more questions for Ask the 

Experts! 

Looking forward to seeing you all at 

the CSA Congress in Santa Barbara! 

Sylvia Darr 

Editor 

CSA Journal 

cymbidiumsocietyjournal@gmail.com 

4

The President's Page 

I 

am excited to report that our 2017 

CSA Congress planning is well 

underway, with the CSA Board of 

Directors working hard on all the details. 

As you might remember, Lucia Brandt 

retired from this position last summer and 

it has taken an entire Board to fill her 

shoes. After many meetings, trips to Santa 

Barbara and Pasadena, a myriad of phone 

calls and many emails, things are getting 

confirmed and finalized. March 17-19 

promises to be an amazing weekend as the 

CSA collaborates with the Santa Barbara 

International Orchid Show to showcase 

the orchid world. We will be sending out 

registration packets and specifics very soon 

so start making plans to attend right now! 

The 2017 CSA Congress will include a 

similar format to the one used in past years. 

Breakfast, lunch, dinner and admission to 

the Santa Barbara International Orchid 

Show will be included in your March 18th 

registration. Each of you will receive a 

packet of Congress specifics and chance 

to bid on one of a kind orchids and orchid 

related memorabilia at our annual auction. 

Breaking news: Carol Helen Brule is 

hard at work creating a ceramic something 

special for the big event! Start saving your 

pennies (OK - dollars). 

And now for the news you have all been 

waiting for. Our speakers, as of this printing, 

include: Randall Robinson, Geoff Bailey, 

Tim Culbertson and Kobsukh Kaenratana 

with a fifth spot to be announced. Please 

take a careful look at the specifics of their 

presentations elsewhere in this Journal. 

This talented line up will also be a part of 

a day that will honor both Tony Velardi 

and Ernest Hetherington, true icons in the 

orchid world. Please use the opportunity 

of attending the CSA Congress to help us 

and their families honor these two giants in 

our community. 

We have all worked diligently on this 

Congress and have listened hard to all your 

suggestions and ideas. We are very excited 

to be a part of this ground breaking day 

and are eager to share the expertise of our 

speakers. Of course, the success of a day is 

also dependent on YOU. Over the years, I 

have heard many reasons for not attending 

the Congress: too far to travel, not enough 

Cymbidium speakers, not enough Paph 

speakers, etc., etc. Where else can you see/ 

hear such a wide variety of thoughts and 

new ideas, honor two of our true heroes, 

and be surrounded by the orchid world’s 

leaders? Apathy is not an option here. This 

is YOUR CSA and YOUR CONGRESS. 

So no excuses — be there! 

Marron S Honigman 

President 

Cymbidium Society of America 

marron.honigman@gmail.com 

5

Announcing 

The Velardi Memorial Lecture 

Photo courtesy Andy Cameron 

The CSA Board of Directors has created a fund 

supporting an annual lecture at the CSA Congress 

in memory of Tony & Gina Velardi, and their 

contributions to the cymbidium world. 

Tax-deductable contributions to the endowment 

in honor of Tony and Gina Velardi may be sent to: 

Eric Andreasen 

580 N. Park Avenue 

Pomona, CA 91768. 

Please write Velardi Fund on you check 

6

In Memoriam: Ernest Hetherington 

Text and Photos By Paul Gripp 

Ernest Hetherington, perhaps the 

most influential orchid man of the 

last century, died in southern California 

this October at the age of 99. 

Ernest was the lifelong leader of the 

Fred Stewart Orchid Nursery of southern 

California which was recognized worldwide. 

A boy plant prodigy, Ernest recalled getting 

his folks to drive him from Los Angeles 

to Santa Barbara in the 1920s to buy two 

succulent plants at 50 cents each. He 

enjoyed camping, hiking, gardening, sports, 

nature, and horticulture. Upon graduation 

from high school in 1936, he immediately 

went to work for the famous Armacost 

and Royston Nursery Company of Sawtelle 

(west Los Angeles). At that time Armacost 

and Royston was like a school for future 

prominent orchidists. In the 1920’s, 1930’s, 

and 1940’s under the able leadership of 

Walter Armacost, and Ben and Sydney 

Bracy, his English supervisors of the orchid 

department, a number of young orchidists 

were trained, among them Joe Hampton, 

Ernest Hetherington, Herb Hager, Harry 

Rapella, Jose Vasquez (scion of the Vasquez 

family), Bob Norton, William Kirsh, Joe 

Ozella, Oscar Kirsch, and Leo and Irene 

Holquin. 

As with many of his generation, World 

War II interrupted Ernest’s life and he 

spent the war years in the US Army Airforce 

serving in the South Pacific from 

New Guinea to the Philippines. In 1945 

he returned to Armacost and Royston and 

married his cute and talkative sweetheart 

Ernest Heatherington in the greenhouse at 

Stewarts. Photo reproduced from the library 

of Paul Gripp 

Elsie Lange. She became his faithful life 

companion for nearly 70 years supporting 

his orchid passion, the long work hours, 

the leadership of multiple orchid societies, 

the frequent speaking engagements, and 

concomitant travel. 

A post-war boom in orchids was developing 

in Southern California. The 

Cymbidium Society was founded in 1946 

and added to the activity by publishing the 

“Cymbidium Society News”, a publication 

where orchid growers could advertise their 

plants to each other. Many garden nurseries, 

orchid nurseries, and collectors began 

7

The Armacost 

& Royston 

Letterhead with 

a pastoral sketch 

of the sprawling 

operation. 

Document from 

P. Gripp's Library 

advertising there. A grower named Stewart 

posted his first advertisement to sell 

plants in December 1946. It is said that 

Ernest heard from Joe Hampton that Fred 

A. Stewart, an entrepreneur builder with 

an expanding private orchid collection, had 

purchased the lot next door to his home in 

San Gabriel, California to house his orchid 

collection. In the frenzy of the boom, 

things were happening, and many expanding 

hobbies quickly evolved into businesses. 

By the next month, the name “Fred 

A Stewart” was in an advertisement; Fred 

had entered the orchid business. He purchased 

a nearby commercial nursery site to 

consolidate his new orchid business, making 

it the site of Stewart’s Orchids for the 

next 50 years. He set about renovating the 

establishment, stocking the benches, and 

recruiting the staff. It was at this time in 

1947 that Ernest Hetherington came over 

from Armacost and Royston and joined the 

great Frank Fordyce, another war veteran, 

also new on the staff at Stewart’s. 

The post-war Cymbidium craze in 

California continued, and small groups 

of people met for dinner before attending 

the monthly Cymbidium Society evening 

meeting. One of these groups included 

Francis Burt Cobb, attorney for Fred Stewart 

and long-time orchid hobbyist. Burt 

Cobb was often accompanied by his college-age 

son Frank Cobb, later founder of 

Cobb’s Orchids of Santa Barbara. At that 

time Professor Gustav Melquist of UCLA 

had just completed work counting chromosome 

numbers in orchids (AOS Bulletin, 

May 1949). It was recognized that 

the great cymbidium parents Alexanderi 

‘Westonbirt’, Rosanna ‘Pinkie’, Babylon 

‘Castle Hill’, Pauwelsii ‘Compte De Hemptine’, 

and others, were in fact tetraploids, 

and that new seedlings with these parents 

in their background might turn out to produce 

superior quality blooms. 

Soon after this, Burt Cobb purchased 

a cymbidium named Balkis, whose parents, 

Alexanderi and Rosana were both 

on Melquist’s list of tetraploids. When it 

bloomed he took it to a Cymbidum Society 

meeting where Ernest Hetherington recog- 

Leading the Stewart Dynasty. 

L to R: Ernest Heatherington, 

Frank Fordyce, and Fred A. 

Stewart. 

Photo from P. Gripp's Library 

8

nized its quality and suggested they make a 

cross. Burt consented, and Ernest proceeded 

with this outstanding plant, Balkis ‘Silver 

Orb’, to make “The Big Four” among 

the most famous modern cymbidium crosses 

of all time: Lillian Stewart (x Carrisona 

‘Glendesary’), Edna Cobb (x Profita ‘Mardi 

Gras’), San Francisco (x Blue Smoke ‘Pernod’), 

and Great Day (x Swallow), gaining 

world recognition for Stewart’s Orchids 

and Ernest Hetherington, its leader. He 

was awarded the AOS Gold Medal of 

Achievement for his lifetime service to the 

orchid world in April 1990. 

Ernest’s role in the CSA was equally 

foundational. He was a longtime member 

of the Society, and the 12th president. He 

promoted the idea of an annual gathering 

of cymbidium growers and hobbyists to the 

CSA Board of Directors, and in 1976 he 

served as the first Chair of the CSA Cymbidium 

Congress, a position that he held 

for 10 years. He created the format for 

the congress that we continue to use today. 

And he wrote articles for the various 

versions of the Cymbidium Society’s newsletters 

and magazines. In 1953 he began 

a recurring column entitled “Trends and 

Developments in the Cymbidium World”. 

This evolved into a semi regular article 

called “Grower’s Notebook”. He wrote 

tirelessly for CSA publications, as well as 

the AOS Bulletin and the Orchid Digest, 

involving himself in all levels of these organizations. 

The CSA Journal of March/ 

April 2008 (Vol 8, No. 2) was dedicated 

to Honoring Ernest, with more than one 

author and/or interviewee indicating that 

Ernest did more for longer to promote orchids, 

orchid education, and orchid cultural 

history than anyone else. 

While the steps of Ernest’s life progress 

were similar to many, his longevity and the 

quality and quantity of his work, writings, 

accounts, and participation tops most. 

Ernest Hetherington was an outstanding 

man. He was 100% dedicated to mankind, 

Cym. Balkis 'Silver Orb' 

photo courtesy Randall Robinson 

he served his nation, he served his employer 

the Stewart Family, and he served his family. 

He fulfilled his own passion by being one of 

the greatest students of orchidology of all 

time, which he loved completely. 

Paul Gripp has been growing orchids for over fifty 

years. A CSA and AOS judge, he is past owner of the 

Santa Barbara Orchid Estate, has an extensive library 

of orchid books and prints, and in the Editor’s opinion, 

is another of our extraordinary orchidmen. 

Randall Robinson 

will talk about the 

Legacy and Contributions of 

Ernest Heatherington 

at the 

2017 Cymbidium Congress 

May 18, 2017 

9

The 42nd Annual 

CSA Cymbidium Congress 

The Australian Cymbidium 

Scene and That Elusive FCC! 

Questions From Ernest - 

His Challenge to Us All 

Cym. Balkis ‘Silver Orb’, 

Photo courtey Randall Robinson 

The Australian Cymbidium scene: 

current state of cymbidium nurseries 

and hybridizers, the styles of flowers 

they are producing, and the strengths 

and shortcomings of the breeding 

programs. The Australian club/society 

scene: What must clubs do to ensure the 

ongoing health of the industry? How do 

we engage and maintain the interest of 

the younger generation? That elusive 

FCC. What is winning in Australia 

and a comparison of the judging 

guidelines in Australia and the CSA. 

It all started when Ernest Hetherington 

asked a question and proffered a 

statement; “How many Cymbidium 

species are there? I think there are 13.” 

Ernest's challenge to think 

more deeply about the genus 

Cymbidium sets the challenge to 

all lovers of these wonderful plants. 

By Randall Robinson 

Victoria Universtiy 

Australia 

Plus one 

additional speaker 

TBD 

By Geoff Bailey 

The Australian Cymbidium Scene 

Mellbourne, Australia 

Geoff Bailey and Cym. lowianum ‘Concolor’ 

Photo courtesy Geoff Bailey 

10

Breeding Heat Tolerant 

Cymbidiums in Bangkok 

Paph Potpourri: 

It Came From The Internet 

Paph rungsuryianum 

Photo courtesy Tim Culbertson 

A tremendous number of discoveries 

of new paph species, creations of entire 

lines of new paph hybrids, and fantastic 

examples and forms of hybrids and 

species we know so well have been 

made in the last three years or so. Tim 

will share with us some of the highlights 

of these in a whirlwind tour of new 

species, new forms, and advances in 

multifloral, complex, Parvisepalum, 

and Brachypetalum groups. 

By Tim Culbertson 

Irvine, California 

Kobsukh Kaenratana has a keen 

interest in heat tolerant cymbidiums. 

He studied what makes cymbidiums 

grow and bloom in the tropical climates, 

and started that design 17 yrs ago. 

Since then he has utilized cymbidium 

gene pools from S.E. Asia, combining 

them with advanced hybrids from the 

US, Australia, and the Netherlands. 

He is also a pioneer in developing 

and advancing the intergeneric 

Grammatocymbidium. With these 

special genetics, one can expect several 

unique characteristics in his hybrids. 

By Kobsukh Kaenratana 

Pakkret Floriculture 

Bangkok, Thailand 

Saturday March 18, 2017 

Lectures, Auction, and Banquet 

Adams Elementary School Auditorium 

2701 Las Positas Road 

Santa Barbara, CA 93105 

More info and Register at www.cymbidium.org 

or by mail with forms at the back of this journal. 

Grammatocymbidium Pakkret Adventure 

Photo courtesy Kobsukh Kaenratana 

11

Annual Orchid Auction 

Saturday, February 4, 2017 

All Types of Orchids! 

Preview at 11 a.m. Auction at 12 noon. 

Lake San Marcos - Lake Pavilion Room 

1105 La Bonita Drive 

San Marcos, CA 92078 

Admission is Free - Lots of Free Parking 

Directions: 

Coming from the South: Take 1-5 North exit Leucadia Blvd. and turn right. Leucadia 

Blvd. becomes Olivenhain Rd. which then becomes S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd. Turn 

right onto Lake San Marcos Dr. Turn left onto San Marino Dr. Take the 1st right onto 

La Bonita Dr. The Lake Pavilion is on the left. 

Coming from the North: Take 1-5 South and exit CA-78 E. Take the Rancho Santa 

Fe Rd. exit and turn right onto S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd. Turn left onto Lake San 

Marcos Dr. Turn left onto San Marino Dr. Take the 1st right onto La Bonita Dr. The 

Lake Pavilion is on the left. 

For more info contact: Ivan Allen 760.533.4975 

Sponsored by the San Diego County Cymbidium Society 

Monthly meetings (except July and August) on the 3 rd 

Wednesday at the San Marcos Lake Pavilion, 6:30 p.m. 

12

Ask the Experts 

A new question and answer section in the CSA Journal. Ask us any questions you may have 

about cymbidiums, paphiopedilums, phragmipediums or any other cool-growing orchids. We 

will answer your questions in the next issue of the Journal. 

Submit your questions by email to cymbidiumsocietyjournal@gmail.com 

Why do the leaves of my hybrid 

cymbidiums with Cym. devonianum in 

the background quickly turn brown at 

the tip? Hybrids of other species get the 

same regimen and remain green. 

Fig. 1 Cym. devonianum hybrid with brown 

leaf tips. 

Answer: Cymbidium devonianum and its hybrids 

are extremely sensitive to water quality. 

If the water you’re giving your plants 

has more than about 20 parts per million of 

dissolved, solids, then it’s possible that the 

leaves will turn brown at the tips. This is 

especially true if the dissolved solids have a 

significant amount of sodium. 

There are several ways this can be 

improved. There is a varying tolerance to 

total dissolved solids from plant to plant, 

so when purchasing plants from among a 

large selection of Cymbidium devonianum 

plants, look for the one with little or no 

browning of the leaf tips. Also, for any 

given plant, this can be reduced over time 

by using higher quality water. Rain water 

could be saved and used for these sensitive 

plants, or if one has a reverse osmosis 

system for drinking water, that water could 

also be used for these plants. These plants 

should also be given less fertilizer than 

plants that have no tendency to leaf tip 

browning. 

13

What nutrient actions can I take to 

improve blooming, like watering schedule 

or nutrient levels, and when should I 

take these actions? 

Answer: The most important thing to do 

to improve blooming of healthy plants, is 

to ensure that they receive sufficient light, 

especially in spring through early summer. 

Remember, sunshine is the greatest and 

most consistent nutrient source for your 

plants. For sunshine to be used effectively, 

plants need to have plenty of water, and 

of course the other nutrients you probably 

were thinking about when you asked your 

question. 

For mature plants with a good root 

system, they probably need to be given water 

every three to seven days from spring 

through summer, depending on weather 

conditions. During that time, it’s best to 

apply a good balanced fertilizer every three 

out of four waterings at about half the 

strength recommended by the manufacturer. 

About once a month in spring it can 

be useful to apply Epsom salts (magnesium 

sulphate), and an occasional application of 

calcium nitrate can also benefit plants. 

There have been many, many suggestions 

from ‘knowledgeable’ orchidists that 

changing fertilizers, shocking the plants, 

applying special chemicals, and a host of 

other suggestions, will improve blooming. 

While some of these may be true, all supporting 

evidence is anecdotal. I’ve never 

seen a rigorous scientific trial of identical 

blooming size plants under different fertilization 

regimens published for cymbidiums. 

If you give your plants enough light to keep 

the leaves to the yellow side of green, keep 

them well watered, and keep up a good fertilization 

routine, your plants should bloom 

well. 

There are numerous small spots on the 

leaves of one of my cymbidiums. They 

appear thinner than the rest of the leaf 

Fig. 2 Translucent spots on a cymbidium leaf 

because more light shines through these 

spots. I don’t see any insects. Can the 

source be identified? 

Answer: One very valuable tool when 

looking for possible insect pests, is a very 

strong magnifying glass, or preferably, a 

jeweler’s loupe. A jeweler’s loupe isn’t 

expensive. Serviceable loupes can be found 

for about $10, and they will provide a 10X 

magnification of whatever is being viewed. 

At higher magnification, it can be quite 

surprising what one will see on the leaves or 

flowers of a plant. Thrips are barely visible 

with the naked eye, and are easily seen and 

identified under a loupe. Red spider mite 

is not naked eye visible, but again, under 

a loupe is easily found and recognized. 

Details of the damage on leaves can also 

point to a particular pest that may not be 

present at the time of viewing. 

Circular damage as shown in the 

photograph (Fig. 2) is caused by some sort 

of sucking insect. The two most common 

insects that cause this type of damage 

14

on cymbidiums are boisduval scale, and 

thrips. Usually for scale, it’s very easy to 

see the scale itself, but if the scale is very, 

very young, it may only show as a tiny 

white spot at the center of the damage. 

There is no such spot at the center of the 

damaged areas on these leaves, so the 

damage was most likely caused by thrips. 

Determining what is causing the damage 

also helps determine treatment. For 

example, if the damage had been cause by 

red spider mites, applying an insecticide 

would be of almost no benefit, as mites 

aren’t insects. A miticide would be far 

more useful, although other treatments 

also exist. 

I want to move cymbidiums in bud to a 

more protected place so the flowers will 

be less damaged by weather. How do I 

keep the flower stalks from bending unnaturally? 

Answer: Even if a plant is left in the same 

place throughout an entire spiking season, 

sometimes there will be unsightly bends in 

the inflorescence. Some of the propensity 

of a plant to bend unnaturally is genetic, 

and some is environmental. In general, 

plants with thinner, weaker spikes are 

more subject to bending unnaturally from 

a change in conditions than those with robust 

spikes. 

Bending of the spike most often occurs 

because the light incident on the spike has 

changed, specifically, it has changed direction. 

As a weaker spike is growing and is 

still partly protected by the leaves, it may 

grow relatively straight, but once it clears 

the foliage, the directionality of the light 

will be much stronger, and the spike will often 

bend toward the light, even if the plant 

hasn’t been moved. This can be exacerbated 

when the plant is moved to lower light 

conditions. 

Several things can be done to try to alleviate 

this behavior. First, try to move the 

plant to the lower light condition before the 

spike has cleared the foliage. If possible, 

uniform light from all directions should be 

given the plant, but as this is impractical, 

try to orient the plant so the direction of 

the strongest light is similar to what it was 

before the plant was moved. Some plants 

will respond well to rotating the plant by 

90 degrees every couple days, while others 

may develop a corkscrew appearance in 

the spike; this can only be determined by 

trial and error with each plant, but should 

be somewhat consistent from year to year. 

Lastly, aggressive staking can help keep the 

spike relatively straight, especially if used 

in conjunction with a Ni-Co-Roll or other 

device that applies tension to the spike. 

This is most easily done by putting a four 

foot bamboo stake next to the spike, attaching 

the tensioning device to the end of 

the stake, and then putting the hook of the 

tensioning device on the terminal bud of 

the inflorescences. The Ni-Co-Roll should 

be removed, the stake trimmed, and normal 

ties applied to the spike for display. 

Always be careful when trying to manipulate 

spike habit, as if this is attempted 

when the spike is cold, a broken spike is often 

the result. 

Southern California is very dry in the 

summer months. I’ve tried misting my 

plants with a patio misting fan but the 

leaves get almost encrusted with water 

solids. Will these hurt the plants? 

Deposits on the leaves of your 

cymbidiums can be very unsightly, and can 

be very hard to remove when you want to 

display your plants. The good news is that 

this is almost always not a problem for your 

plants. Yes, it will reduce the amount of 

light actually reaching the leaves, and thus 

will reduce the overall energy the plant 

receives from sunlight. Of course, if the 

deposits are an indication of the amount of 

dissolved solids in your local water supply, I 

15

would be more concerned about the effect 

of this water when you’re watering and 

fertilizing your plants. 

If everything else is fine with your 

plants and you’re simply trying to increase 

the humidity in the growing area without 

getting deposits on the leaves, this can 

easily be solved by installing a misting line 

under the growing bench or at the top of 

the growing bench. The misting heads can 

be oriented in almost any direction and will 

still provide the needed humidity without 

actually getting water on the leaves. 

Inexpensive misting lines can be bought 

from a variety of locations on line, and if 

combined with a simple humidistat and 

a solenoid can easily be automated. The 

heads on most of these misting lines emit 

a very fine mist that shouldn’t actually wet 

the surface of leaves, unlike the heavy mist 

often produced by misting fans. Misting 

heads on misting lines like those shown in 

photo (Fig. 3) will need occasional cleaning 

to remove deposits from the solids in your 

water, but are otherwise simple to maintain. 

They are easiest to maintain if the misting 

heads are brass. 

Fig. 3 Misting lines 

shown attached to 

the top of a shade 

house. 

16

72 nd Santa Barbara 

International Orchid Show 

Mystacidium capense ‘Carrie Chu’ CCE-FCC/AOS 

SBOrchidShow.com • @SBOrchidShow • #SBOrchidShow 

Orchid Mystique 

Friday March 17 - Sunday March 19, 2017 

9 am - 5 pm 

Earl Warren Showgrounds • Santa Barbara, California 

General admission - $14 • 3-day pass - $22 

Seniors, students with ID, & advance group sales - $12 

Kids 12 & younger with paid adult - FREE 

17


Text and Photos By Holger Perner 

Abstract: Terrestrial Cymbidium species of the subgenus Jensoa develop mycorrhizomes 

that do not develop shoots in vitro for a long time. Some remarks on the in vitro development, 

sowing techniques and germination morphology are given. 

In 2002 my wife Wenqing and I founded an 

orchid laboratory in Chengdu, Sichuan 

province, China, to develop mass-propagation 

methods for native Chinese orchids, 

namely temperate slipper orchids of the genus 

Cypripedium. These are a main asset 

of the Huanglong National Park, where we 

work for the administration, and where under 

our guidance a nursery was established 

that raises the seedlings we produce in the 

laboratory in Chengdu. Another focus 

of the lab is on the propagation of native 

tropical slipper orchids from seed, namely 

the genus Paphiopedilum. The seedlings 

produced in the lab are grown on in the 

Chengdu-based nursery of Hengduan 

Mountains Biotechnology, a company we 

established with the lab. The goal is to market 

the orchids raised from 

seed on the domestic and international 

markets. Though 

a self-sustaining commercial 

enterprise, Hengduan Biotech 

contributes considerably 

to the ex-situ conservation 

of native Chinese 

orchids because it provides 

a legal source of truly artificially 

produced orchids that 

alleviates the considerable 

pressure on the wild populations 

of orchids in non-protected areas in 

China, where these plants are still collected 

in quantities and smuggled out of the country 

to be distributed worldwide. The work 

of Hengduan Biotech is approved by the 

Chinese authorities. With the proper paperwork 

(CITES export permits for appendix 

I and II species, phytosanitary certificates, 

and customs registrations) we have 

exported flasks since 2009 and artificially 

produced orchid plants from just deflasked 

to flowering size since 2010. We focus not 

only on slipper orchids but on a wide range 

of native species, of which China has over 

1300. This includes the Chinese or Oriental 

Cymbidium species. In the following I 

will share some observations I made during 

our work with cymbidiums. 

Fig. 1 Breeding lines of standard cymbidium hybrids in Japan. 

photo by K. Karasawa 

18

The large-flowered standard cymbidium 

hybrids are worldwide propagated from 

seed and from tissue culture by the millions 

every year (Fig. 1). Of the 11 sections 

(DU PUY & CRIBB, 2007) in the genus 

Cymbidium SW., species of section Cyperorchis 

(BLUME) P.F. HUNT, form the main 

breeding stock (e.g. C. lowianum (RCHB.F.) 

RCHB. F., 1879, C. insigne ROLFE, 1904, 

and C. eburneum LINDLEY, 1847) along 

with species of section Floribundum SETH 

& CRIBB (e.g. C. floribundum LINDLEY, 

1833, syn. C. pumilum ROLFE, 1907). Out 

of this stock an impressive number of horticultural 

hybrids has been produced during 

the last 100 years or so. However, even 

though the so-called oriental cymbidiums, 

i. e. species of the section Jensoa (RAF.) 

SCHLECHTER, have been cultivated in 

the East for more than 2000 years, they 

have never contributed much to the breeding 

programs in the West. The only exception 

is Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) SW. 1799, 

which is a parent of important miniature 

cymbidiums like Cym. Peter Pan (Cym. 

ensifolium x Miretta), created at Dos Pueblos 

Orchid Company, Goleta, in 1957, and 

Cym. Golden Elf (Cym. ensifolium x Enid 

Haupt), created by Paul Gripp and registered 

by the Rod McLellan Co. in 1978. 

In the East oriental cymbidiums were 

usually collected in the wild and propagated 

by division. Only during the last decades 

have they been included in micropropagation 

routines in Japan, Korea and China. 

Thus, not much is known in the West 

about their germination and early growth 

characteristics. 

Germination of species of the subgenera 

Cyperorchis and Floribundum does not 

differ much from that of other epiphytic 

subtropical to tropical orchid genera but 

the species of section Jensoa germinate 

slower and weaker on conventional media. 

Figure 2 shows Cymbidium goeringii (RCHB. 

F.) RCHB. F., 1852, (section Jensoa) germination 

of less than 50 % from half ripe 

Fig. 2 Germination of Cym. goeringii on MSO 

1c medium 6 months after sowing. 

Fig. 3 Germination of Cym. hookerianum on 

MSO 1c medium 4 weeks after sowing. 

Fig. 4 Young seedlings of Cym. hookerianum 

replated on MSO 1c medium 6 months after 

sowing. 

seed out of a green capsule, 6 months after 

sowing on MSO 1c medium. In contrast 

Figure 3 shows Cym. hookerianum RCHB. 

F., 1866, (subgenus Cyperorchis) germinating 

to nearly 100 % on the same medium 

4 weeks after sowing of half ripe seed, also 

from a green capsule. The protocorms have 

just developed and will turn green soon. 

Both sowings were kept under fluorescent 

19

lights (10 h/d) at around 20 °C. The protocorms 

of Cym. hookerianum develop a shoot 

tip and roots, and by six months have been 

reflasked on similar medium (Figure 4). 

Reflasking is also necessary for Cym. 

goeringii which need a much longer development 

time in the flasks. But with 

them there is no sign of shoots or roots. 

Instead an elongated rhizome with knobs 

and hairy tufts has formed and looks not 

unlike a green caterpillar (Figure 5). This 

is a mycorrhizome, a structure of variable 

morphology produced by several mycoheterotrophic 

plant groups including ferns 

(their mycorrhizomes are already known 

from fossils from the Carboniferous Era), 

Gentianaceae, Ericaceae (subfam. Pyroloideae) 

and Orchidaceae. Hans BURGEFF 

(1932) has extensively worked on orchids 

with such structures, though he mentions 

the term mycorrhizome only briefly; cymbidiums 

were not treated by him. In orchids 

the term was long used as a substitute for 

protocorm. The term protocorm for the 

germination body (in German ‘Keimachse’ 

or the later term ‘Keimkörper’ in the papers 

of Otto MÖLLER) of orchids was 

introduced by the French botanist Noel 

BERNARD (1899) in analogy to the mycotrophic 

prothallium of horsetail ferns 

(Equisetaceae) and club mosses (Lycopodiaceae) 

for which according to ARDITTI 

and KRIKORIAN (1996) and CHANG et 

al (2005) the term protocorm was coined 

Fig. 5 Mycorrhizome of Cym. goeringii on 

MSO 1c medium 1 year after sowing. 

by the Dutch botanist Melchior TREUB in 

1890. 

The term protocorm is based on the 

Latin pro, meaning before, and the classic 

Greek term ‘kormos’, meaning ‘tree 

trunk’ or in general botanic terms stem 

axis or caulom, so protocorm designates 

the structure that comes before the stem, 

or, in case of many orchids, rhizome. The 

rhizome is a creeping, i.e. horizontal stem, 

not a root structure! As the body which 

is formed right after the germination of 

the orchid seed, it anatomically does not 

conform with a rhizome but, as LUCKE 

(2003) has shown, is dominated by a derived 

cotyledon, it is most appropriate to 

call it protocorm, i.e. ‘the body that comes 

before the stem’. The term is fully and long 

established internationally in scientific and 

horticultural circles, and for good reason 

so. In most orchids the first root and shoot 

with leaf initials will soon develop from the 

protocorm’s meristematic part (or better 

the totipotent cell region of the protocorm, 

because the term meristem is restricted to 

totipotent cells of stems and roots which 

are both not developed yet). At this point, 

the structure can be called a young seedling. 

In several terrestrial orchids, however, 

whether they are temperate or tropical, a 

more or less long prostrate stem (i.e. rhizome) 

without functional roots and no 

leaves grows from the protocorm instead. 

The rhizome is usually closely connected to 

a mycorrhizal fungus and thus the term mycorrhizome 

is derived, though in the past 

it was used interchangeably with the term 

protocorm, e.g. by ZIEGENSPECK (1936). 

Hanne RASSMUSSEN (1995) defines the 

term mycorrhizome as the transitional rhizoferous 

structure found in orchids, deriving 

from the protocorm and changing to a 

mature rhizome in further ontogenesis (i.e. 

the individual life history) of the plant. 

Through the mycorrhizome young orchids 

of several terrestrial genera can live 

below ground for a long time, even for 

20

years. During this time they are fully heterotrophic 

and live from the mycorrhizal 

fungus. Recently the term mycoparasitism 

appears in the literature for this situation, 

which is more commonly known as mycotrophy 

and was in the past wrongly defined 

as saprophytism. The exploitation of the 

fungus through the orchid works so well 

that sometimes the switch to autotrophy, 

i.e. the development of green leaves above 

ground, is fully omitted by certain species. 

Previously ZIEGENSPECK (1936) mentioned 

that neoteny is occurring in leafless 

terrestrial orchids, i.e. their morphology remains 

at an early juvenile stage, the mycorrhizome, 

but they form flowers and reproduce 

sexually. BURGEFF (1932) gave an 

early broad overview of those orchids that 

are fully mycotrophic and those, that are 

in-between, i.e. orchids that form extensive 

mycorrhizomes without long roots but also 

green leafed stems above ground. 

After this digression into the dry field 

of physio-morphological orchidology let us 

come back to the cymbidiums. Here we find 

a broad range of germination and development 

phenomena. As hinted earlier on, 

the large-flowered subtropical to tropical 

species (e.g. sections Cyperorchis and Floribundum) 

usually develop no mycorrhizomes 

or briefly show just very short ones 

that quickly grow roots and leaves. Only 

when the protocorms or short mycorrhizomes 

of these species are kept constantly 

in the dark they will grow into large mycorrhizomes 

over time. All species of section 

Jensoa, however, of which the germination 

is known, always developed rather longlasting 

mycorrhizomes, whether kept in 

light or in the dark. One very rare species 

in cultivation, Cym. macrorhizon LINDLEY, 

1833, (Figure 6) is obligate mycotrophic 

and retains an elongated mycorrhizome 

for its entire life, never developing leafed 

shoots. It has a wide distribution from Pakistan 

in the west to Japan in the east and 

lives underground in temperate to warm- 

Fig. 6 Cym. macrorhizon cultivated in Japan. 

Photo by K. Karasawa 

temperate or subtropical forests. Only during 

flowering and fructification is its presence 

noticeable. This species has flowers 

very similar to the wide-leafed Cym. lancifolium 

HOOKER, 1823. It is interesting 

to note that there are intermediate forms 

with mycorrhizomes and leaves in varying 

degrees, these are Cym. caulescens RIDLEY, 

1915, and Cym. rhizomatosum Z.J. LIU et 

S.C. CHEN, 2002, the latter likely a synonym 

of the former. Cym. lancifolium also 

shows a wide range of leaf development but 

lacks a mycorrhizome in the adult stage, 

as I can observe in plants we cultivate at 

Hengduan Biotech (Figures 7 and 8). 

Cym. goeringii and its close relative 

Cym. tortisepalum FUKUYAMA, 1934, (often 

treated as a synonym of the former but 

clearly a distinct species) were sown by me 

several times since 2002, and other species 

like Cym. faberi and Cym. ensifolium as well. 

The mycorrhizomes proliferate vigorously 

(Figure 9) and can be easily separated into 

many pieces, thus providing an easy means 

21

Fig. 7 Small-leafed form of Cym. lancifolium at 

Hengduan Biotech 

Fig. 8 (below) Large-leafed form of Cym. 

lancifolium at Hengduan Biotech 

of vegetative propagation in vitro. But 

they do not produce shoots on normal 

medium. One way to initialize shoots is 

to reflask on medium with plant growth 

regulators (PGRs). Another, more natural 

but less effective way is to increase 

the volume of the (PGR-free) medium in 

the flask. The tips of the mycorrhizomes 

tend to grow into the medium down to 

the bottom of the flask. If the medium 

is deep enough (at least 1.5-2 cm) part 

of the rhizome tips develop shoots when 

they are old enough, and the leaves grow 

out of the medium. 

It is important to understand that 

in nature Jensoa cymbidiums depend 

very much on the fungus for the first 

stages of development, more so than 

any other cymbidium group. Like most 

terrestrial orchids the protocorms and 

mycorrhizomes need constant darkness 

and for best performance shouldn’t be 

illuminated at all before shoots are initialized. 

They also require specially designed 

media that differ from those for 

epiphytic as well as for other terrestrial 

orchids like Cypripedium. The method 

22

Fig. 9. Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii 

under lights. Micorrhizomes are ready to 

be separated and transferred to shoot 

initialization medium 

Tahara as well, who beside working with 

calanthe and other orchids did extensive 

breeding of Jensoa Cymbidiums in Japan 

(TAHARA 2001). By visiting a specialized 

laboratory for Oriental cymbidiums 

in Chengdu, run by Weihong Guo, I saw 

that germination and mycorrhizome development 

of these cymbidiums was done in 

constant darkness. Proprietary media with 

special mixes of plant growth regulators 

are used by Guo. His plants produce stout 

mycorrhizomes (Figures 11 and 12) which 

develop strong shoots in vitro, and once 

deflasked the first plants start to flower after 

two years. 

When in 2009 a Chinese customer 

asked us to produce a larger number of 

Cym. goeringii and Cym. faberi from selected 

hand pollinated clones, I had to develop 

our own method. Between several media 

tested for germination of unripe seeds by far 

the best was a Vacin & Went (V&W) modification 

developed by Tahara for shoot ini- 

Fig. 10 Sprouting mycorrhizomes of Cym 

tortisepalum on H3P2 shoot initialization 

medium 

I used in the beginning was the longestablished 

standard multipurpose media 

for tropical orchids (MSO 1c, which is ½ 

strength Murashige & Skoog, and similar 

in composition to Phytamax®; the 

Japanese H3P2, which is 3 g/l Hyponex® 

‘All-Purpose Plant Food’ 6.5-6-19 with 2 

g/l peptone, 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/l agar 

respectively 2.5 g/l gellanum gum; V&W 

with 40 mg/l FeNa-EDTA, 50-100 g/l potato, 

trace elements, vitamins, as well as 

sugar and gelling agent like in H3P2, and 

MSO 2b for final replating, which is similar 

to Phytamax® with banana) and daily 

illumination of 10 hours or more resulted 

in only a limited number of leafed seedlings. 

The method is described like this in 

literature and I learned it from Mochimu 

Fig. 11 Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii in 

dark culture 

Fig. 12 Mycorrhizome of Cym goeringii in 

dark culture 

23

Fig. 13 Seedling of Cym. goeringii 1 year after 

deflasking 

Fig. 14 Album form of Cym. tortisepalum in 

flower. 

tiation in Jensoa cymbidium tissue culture. 

It consists of V&W salts, 3 g/l peptone, 

micro elements and vitamins as for MS media, 

25 g/l sucrose, 2 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine 

(BAP), and 0.2 mg/l 1-Naphtaleneacetic 

acid (NAA). The best replating 

medium that leads to good mycorrhizome 

development is a modified Knudson-C (i.e. 

with 1.5 g/l peptone, 25 g/l banana, 50 g/l 

potato, 10 g/l maltodextrin, no PGR’s, 2 g/l 

activated charcoal, 15 g/l sucrose). Sowing 

and first replating happen in constant 

darkness at 20 °C. When sufficient bundles 

of mycorrhizomes are developed they can 

be separated, placed on the shoot initiation 

medium, and placed under 12 hours light 

at 25 °C. The best medium for us proved to 

be a modified Hyponex medium (2 g/l Hyponex, 

3 g/l peptone, 250 mg/l Ca(NO3)2 

x 4 H2O, 10 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA, 150 

ml/l coconut water, MS vitamins, 30 g/l sucrose). 

With the aid of the 10 mg/l BAP 

and 1 mg/l NAA most mycorrhizomes produce 

shoots. On a Knudson-C modifica- 

Fig. 15 Seedlings of Cym. tortisepalum album from 

Figure 14 about 2 years after deflasking. 

24

Fig. 16 Cym. ensifolium 'Noble Lotus' strain 

tion with similar high PGR concentrations 

many shoots and mycorrhizomes died off. 

When the leaves had reached the top of 

the flasks with the Hyponex medium we 

deflask the plants without an additional 

stage on a root developing medium. Roots 

were soon developed in the seedling pots 

under regular greenhouse conditions. The 

first flowers showed 9 years after sowing 

and 4 years after deflasking, which is 

an extraordinarily long time in the lab. 

Further research would be necessary to 

approach the results Weihong Guo is 

performing. 

C. Chang et al. (2005) mention 

the slow in vitro development (1-2 years 

before shoots initialize) of the terrestrial 

Jensoa cymbidiums in comparison to 

epiphytic cymbidiums, a fact I confirm 

from our lab. CHANG et al. demonstrate 

the typical development of an 

epiphytic cymbidium with Cym. dayanum 

RCHB.F.,1869. It is similar to Cym. 

hookerianum and also to Cym. wenshanense 

Y.S. WU & F.Y. LIU, 1990 (section 

Cyperorchis), a very attractive largeflowered 

cymbidium from southern Yunnan 

we cultivate and propagate at Hengduan 

Biotech (Figure 18 and 19). They suggest 

to hybridize an epiphytic cymbidium with 

a terrestrial (Jensoa) species to accelerate 

the in vitro development of the latter. With 

the introduction of Cym. ensifolium into 

the breeding of standard cymbidiums to 

create mini cymbidiums this has long been 

Fig. 17 A seedling of Cym. goeringii in flower 7 years after 

sowing and 4 years after deflasking. 

25

Fig. 18 Cym. wenshanense, pollen parent of 

Cym. Hengduan's Isabell 

Fig. 19 Seedlings of Cym. tortisepalum var. 

longibracteatum x Cym. wenshanense, the 

cross between the plants from Figure 18 and 

Figure 20 

Fig. 20 Cym. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum, 

pod parent of Cym Hengduan's Isabell 

Fig. 21 Seedlings of Cym. tortisepalum var. 

longibracteatum x Cym. wenshanense on 

modified V&W medium 15 months after sowing. 

26

done. In 2004 I tried a new primary hybrid 

and crossed Cym. wenshanense with Cym. 

tortisepalum var. longibracteatum, called 

‘Spring Sword’ by traditional cymbidium 

growers in Sichuan. Depicted are the actual 

parent plants (Figures 18 and 20). The 

transition from protocorm over slim mycorrhizomes 

to shoots was relatively short 

under standard conditions (illumination 

and normal epiphyte media), despite the 

development of rather long hairy rhizomes 

(photo 21). After one year the seedlings 

had outgrown the flasks and could be deflasked 

in January 2006 (photo 22). The 

first flowers appeared in January 2009. Being 

my first cymbidium hybrid I named it 

about a year later after my first born child, 

Isabell Perner, as Cym. Hengduan’s Isabell 

Fig. 22 Seedlings of Cym. 

tortisepalum var. longibracteatum 

x Cym. wenshanense on modified 

V&W medium 18 months after 

sowing. 

Fig. 23 (Right) Seedling of 

Cym Hengduan's Isabell (Cym. 

tortisepalum var. longibracteatum 

x Cym. wenshanense) in flower. 

27

(photo 23). When the flower opens, it has 

the straight segments of Cym. tortisepalum, 

but larger and with the attractive lip coloration 

of Cym. wenshanense. Alas, in many 

clones the sepals twist within a few days. 

Some clones, however, keep their sepals 

straight throughout the entire blooming. 

Holger Perner. 

3-11-904 Yingduhuayuan, 

Xinguang Rd. 8, 

Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, 

China. 

holger_perner@hotmail.com 

References: 

ARDITTI, J., & A.D. KRIKORIAN (1996): Orchid micropropagation - the path from 

laboratory to commercialization and an account of several unappreciated investigators. 

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 183-241. 

BERNARD, N (1899): Sur la germination du Neottia nidus-avis. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 

128. 

BURGEFF, H. (1932): Saprophytismus und Symbiose. G. Fischer, Jena. 

CHANG, C., Y.C. CHEN & H.F. YEN (2005): Protocorm or rhizome? The morphology 

of seed germination in Cymbidium dayanum REICHB. Botanical Bulletin of Academia 

Sinica 46: 71-74. 

DU PUY, D., and P. CRIBB (2007): Cymbidium- A Monograph. Natural History Publications 

(Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. 

LUCKE, E. (2003): Phalaenopsis wilsonii als Beispiel der Entwicklung des Keimblatts bzw. 

Protokorms bei Orchideen der Tribus Vandeae. Die Orchidee 54-3: 337-339. 

RASSMUSSEN, H. (1995): Terrestrial orchids from seed to mycotrophic plant. Cambridge 

University Press, Cambridge. 

TAHARA, Mochimu (2001): Artificial Interspecific Hybrids of Oriental Cymbidium 

Species. In Proceedings of the 17th Asia Pacific Orchid Conference, Aichi, Nagoya, pp. 

165-167. 

ZIEGENSPECK, H. (1936): Orchidaceae. in KIRCHNER, O.v., E. LOEW & C. 

SCHRÖTER: Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Bd. I, Abt. 4. Ulmer, 

Stuttgart. 

http://www.independent.com/news/2007/mar/15/big-orchid/ 

http://www.sdorchids.com/articles/cym_ens_article.htm 

Holger Perner and his wife Wenqing are the 

proprietors of Hengduan Mountains Biotechnology 

Ltd. (Hengduanbiotech.com.) They 

sell orchids and other plants, propagation 

media, laboratory materials and books. They 

lead Orchid and Plant tours of several regions 

of China in English, German, Japanese and 

Chinese. And they frequently travel abroad 

attending meetings and giving talks. 

28

29


By Emma D. Menninger. 

Reprinted from AOS Bulletin 34(10):892-897, October 1965, with permission from the AOS 

In our search for Cymbidium species, 

we particularly sought the rare species 

parishii and its famous variety 'Sanderae'. 

In a number of visits to the orchid growers 

of Europe in our quest for parishii, we 

were invariably informed that it was no 

longer in cultivation and was believed to 

be extinct. Dr. Yoshio Nagano of Tokyo, 

Japan, expressed the hope that it might still 

be found in the Imperial Orchid Collection 

of Japan, but on investigation he reported 

that it was not to be found there. 

Years ago, we had heard of a plant 

of parishii in our area at Armacost and 

Royston's establishment in Los Angeles, 

but there, also, we were informed by Mr. 

Sydney Bracey that it was no longer in the 

collection, although they had registered 

Cym. Prelude, a hybrid of parishii 'Sanderae' 

X Autumn Tints, as late as 1953. Dr. G. A. 

L. Mehlquist, formerly of the University of 

California at Los Angeles, now at the University 

of Connecticut, wrote me that he 

had seen it in flower there. In his letter of 

1958 he wrote: "When this plant bloomed 

I compared it with the published pictures 

of Cymbidium parishii, var. Sanderae, and 

concluded that it must be a piece of the 

original clone Sanderae ... Mr. Fred Sander 

...was of the opinion that the piece that Armacost 

and Royston had probably was the 

only one left." Dr. Mehlquist then obtained 

root tips of parishii 'Sanderae' and made a 

chromosome count of 2n = 40, which was 

published in the Cymbidium Society News 

for January, 1952. 

Early in 1961 we visited the orchid 

range of Armacost & Royston, under the 

management of Mr. Leo Holguin, of whom 

we inquired if the plant of Cym. parishii 

had ever turned up. Yes, there was a small 

piece which he showed to us. It consisted 

of a very small dormant bulb and a new 

growth. The plant was labeled "Cymbidium 

var. Sanderae." Our delight at seeing this 

rare plant after our long search can be 

imagined. So far as we know, this was the 

only piece in the collection. Arrangements 

were made for us to take the plant, to grow 

it on and, if possible, flower it. With such a 

precious treasure, every effort was made to 

induce it to grow. 

In the fall of 1962 two spikes appeared, 

one on each side of a newly made-up bulb. 

On March 18, 1963, the larger raceme 

Cymbidium parishii 

30

produced seven fragrant white flowers, the 

smaller spike having only three flowers. We 

were pleased to have Mr. and Mrs. Holguin 

visit us to see the flowers, for I do not think 

the plant had flowered for some years. The 

accompanying photograph gives an idea of 

the unusual flowers, quite different from 

any other Cymbidium species we had ever 

seen. The white medium-sized flower had a 

rather long lip, heavily banded and marked 

with reddish brown. It agreed reasonably 

well with the original drawings and with 

the Royal Horticultural Society painting 

by Nellie Roberts, Certificate #894, which 

certificate states that the plant was "identified 

and named by Kew." In our collection 

we have a colored photograph of the award 

painting. 

It was decided to self two flowers and 

to remove the smaller raceme before its 

flowers were fully opened. Before pollinating 

the flowers, photographs were taken in 

color and in black and white on March 27, 

1963. Of the expected capsules, one was to 

be embryo-cultured before ripening, in case 

this procedure might give better germination. 

The other capsule was to remain until 

ripe. On removing the pollen from the 

flowers of the larger raceme, it was found 

to be gray and apparently moldy. However, 

the pollen from the partially opened flowers 

of the smaller raceme which had been 

removed appeared good, and this was used 

on two flowers of the larger raceme on 

March 27, 1963. 

On September 2, 1963, before leaving 

for the Fourth World Orchid Conference 

at Singapore, the contents of one of 

the capsules were sown, five months after 

pollination. There was no germination in 

this planting. On January 12, 1964, the few 

seeds from the second capsule were sown 

to six bottles. After some months, two to 

six protocorms in each bottle became green 

but were tantalizingly slow. By late November, 

1964, they had not developed leaves. 

A few protocorms are being grown by meristem 

tissue culture to produce a multiplication 

of each clone, if possible. Later, apical 

meristem culture of a backbulb growth will 

be attempted in the hopes of propagating 

the original clone. 

The experience of poor germination 

is not unusual for selfed species, which are 

believed sometimes to have an inhibitor to 

prevent self-fertilization. The fact of poor 

germination may be slender evidence that 

parishii 'Sanderae' is a true species and not 

a natural hybrid, as is sometimes conjectured. 

Much may be learned if and when 

the selfed seedlings flower. 

The plant now has two leaved bulbs 

and one dormant bulb. There are three racemes, 

one on either side of the lead bulb 

and one on the middle bulb. There is no 

sign of a new growth, and to induce one, 

it is probable that on flowering all racemes 

will be removed. 

Cymbidium parishii, both the original 

type and the 'Sanderae' variety, appear to 

require more heat than some of the north 

Indian species of Cymbidiums. The greatest 

disadvantage and, no doubt, that which accounts 

for parishii's rarity, is the slow growth 

and poor production of new growths. In 

our experience, this may have been due 

to the profusion of flower racemes and to 

seed capsules which were probably a drain 

on the plant. There usually have been only 

two bulbs with leaves, for the leaves on 

the oldest bulb persist only until the new 

growth is fairly well developed as a new 

bulb. With few or no new growths a season, 

the plant remains small, although the bulbs 

and leaves are well developed. 

The history of the acquisition of Cym. 

parishii 'Sanderae' by Armacost & Royston 

is not known to us except that it was in the 

collection in 1952 and probably sometime 

before. It is said to have come from the late 

D. A. Cowan of Surbiton, England. However, 

we were intrigued by the label on the 

Armacost & Royston plant, for in addition 

to the name parishii 'Sanderae', there was 

31

the notation, "Sa 1944," which seemed to 

indicate that this might be the original label 

from the Sander firm. 

History 

A study of the literature of Cymbidium 

parishii indicates that only a few plants ever 

reached England, either of the type or of 

the 'Sanderae' variety. Cymbidium parishii 

Reichb. (Trans. Linn. Soc., Vol. 30, p. 

144, 1873 or 1874) was discovered by the 

Reverend C. S. Parish in 1859 while he was 

stationed in Burma. Becoming interested 

in the native orchids, his first collection 

consisted of six large cases of orchids from 

the Moulmein Hills in southern Burma. 

Among the orchids were several plants of 

a new type of Cymbidium which Parish 

thought to be a variety of eburneum, but 

which was later named parishii by Reichenbach 

as a new species. The entire consignment 

intended for England was lost in 

the Ganges River. Parish said he flowered 

several of the new Cymbidiums in Burma 

in 1867-68, but they did not survive. In 

1867 he sent two plants of the Cymbidium 

to Messrs. Low of Clapton, England, and 

about this time a dried specimen is believed 

to have been sent to Sir William Hooker 

of Kew, who believed it to be a variety of 

eburneum, and as late as 1893, years after 

Reichenbach had named it parishii, Hooker 

referred to it as eburneum 'Parishii' in his 

"Flora of British India" (Vol. 6, p. 12). But 

Rolfe later said (Orchid Review, Vol. 12, 

1904, p. 164), "by this time it was little 

more than a tradition ... it is doubtful if the 

original plants now exist." 

One of the Low plants was acquired 

by Mr. John Day of Tottenham in 1870 and 

one by Mr. W. Leech (sometimes spelled 

Leach) of Manchester from Messrs. Rollisson 

of Tooting, in 1875. The latter was 

probably a part of one of the two original 

introductions, for I find no record of further 

introductions of the species until the 

'Sanderae' variety was found. This is uncertain, 

since a number of persons later 

exhibited parishii, one under the name of 

Rutherford's variety. 

In 1872, Reichenbach (Gardeners' 

Chronicle, Vol. 1, New Series, March 14, 

1874, p. 338) examined a dried specimen 

of the plant at Richmond, Surrey, in the 

presence of Reverend Parish. On this basis, 

before the species had ever flowered in 

England, he named it Cymbidium parishii as 

a distinct species. 

Flowering 

In 1878 (Gard. Chron, Vol. 10, n.s., 

pt. 2, July 20, 1878, p. 74) Mr. Swan, grower 

for Mr. Leech, stated in a letter of June 

25th that his flower of parishii was open on 

June 18th (Tuesday) and that he had seen 

Mr. Day's plant "in bud last Wednesday" 

(June 19th). Therefore, contrary to some 

accounts, we must grant the honor of flowering 

Cym. parishii first in Europe to Mr. 

Leech of Manchester on June 18, 1878. I 

have gone into much detail regarding these 

dates because many accounts are contradictory 

and I believe the above dates clarify 

the actual times of importing Cym. parishii 

into England and the actual date of first 

flowering in Europe. Mr. Swan had sent 

one of Mr. Leech's flowers to Reichenbach 

about June 25, 1878. 

The Day plant flowered shortly after 

Leech's was sold for 100 guineas to B. S. 

Williams' firm, who again flowered it, and 

a sketch was made for the Orchid Album 

(Vol. 1, t. 25, 1882). In 1885, Cym. parishii 

received an F.C.C. award from the 

Royal Horticultural Society, awarded to 

Lawrence (probably Sir Trevor Lawrence). 

There are records of Cym. parishii having 

been exhibited a number of times, even as 

late as 1912. These may be the 'Sanderae' 

variety or other Micholitz clones, since the 

Orchid World (Vol. 6, 1916, p. 129) states 

32

"but three or four plants are known to exist 

in cultivation." 

Cymbidium Parishii 'Sanderae' 

In 1904, Micholitz, the successful collector 

for Messrs. Sander and Sons, sent a new 

Cymbidium from the highlands of Annam 

to Sanders, in England. Said to have "developed 

a flower spike during the voyage 

home ... it was kept alive and brought into 

flower" (Orchid World, Vol. 6, 1916, p. 

129). On exhibiting it as Cymbidium sanderae 

on May 17, 1904, Sanders received an 

F.C.C./RHS award. The next day, on being 

submitted to Kew, R. A. Rolfe declared it 

to be a variety of the no longer cultivated 

Cym. parishii, hence the name parishii 'Sanderae'. 

There has always been considerable 

doubt regarding Rolfe's decision, since 

there are a number of rather striking differences 

in the Parish and Micholitz introductions. 

Illustrations of the original type in 

the Orchid Album (Vol. 1, 1882, t. 25) and 

Lindenia (Vol. 15, 1900, t. 717) show the 

spotting on the lip to be somewhat centrally 

located on the front lobe of the lip with a 

white border, while those of the 'Sanderae' 

variety in Flora and Sylva, from a drawing 

by H. G. Moon (Vol. 3, 1905, p. 150), 

and in the Gardeners' Chronicle (Vol. 59, 

1916, fig. 133, p. 307), as well as the R.H.S. 

award painting, show a more or less heavy 

banding of spots around the edge of the 

front lobe, which spots the Royal Horticultural 

Society Dictionary of Gardening 

states are "sometimes confluent." 

These latter three illustrations of parishii 

'Sanderae' compare well with the species 

we flowered, considering that the illustrations 

are not photographs. The sepals 

and petals are white and it is therefore believed 

that the tannish color of the Flora 

and Sylva illustration is incorrect, since all 

descriptions, including Flora and Silva's, 

indicate that they are white or ivory-white. 

The two illustrations of the earlier type in 

the Orchid Album and Lindenia show a 

wider front lobe of the lip than that of 'Sanderae'. 

Another more significant difference 

between the two varieties is the form of the 

flower which in 'Sanderae' is quite regular, 

while that of the original type has petals 

that are definitely "upswept," as in eburneum. 

Also, there were two or three flowers 

on the raceme in the first introduction, 

while 'Sanderae' was reported to have three 

to six flowers, with four flowers when it was 

awarded in 1904. This may not be significant, 

since flower production is subject to 

considerable variation. The first variety 

was said to be a summer bloomer in June, 

July and August, while the Sander award 

was given in May and the one we flowered 

was in March. With the number of differences 

in the two varieties, one wonders if 

two species might be involved or if one or 

both could be natural hybrids. 

Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae, from 

plate by H. G. Moon at Oakes Ames Orchid 

Herbarium, Harvard University 

33

Hybrids 

Cymbidium parishii 'Sanderae' appears 

to be the only clone of parishii of record 

that was used in hybrids. It was used to 

make a number of fine hybrids of its day 

and its influence is still potent. With insigne, 

it made Dryad in 1914; with lowianum, 

Garnet in 1915; with Lowio-grandiflorum, 

Martin in 1920; and with Pauwelsii, Elfin 

(syn. Cygnet) in 1918, besides a number 

of other crosses. All of these crosses were 

registered by Sir George Holford except the 

last, which he also made as Cygnet. These 

hybrids in turn were the parents of other 

fine progeny. Indeed, the ancestry of our 

most popular Cymbidium stud plant today 

— Cym. Balkis — can be traced back to 

parishii 'Sanderae'. 

Rarity 

In 1904, when Cym. parishii 'Sanderae' 

received the F.C.C./RHS award, Mr. 

Rolfe (Orch. Rev., Vol. 12, June 1904, p. 

164) stated that "it is doubtful whether the 

original plants now exist." As late as 1916 

(Orchid World, Vol. 6, 1916, p. 129) it 

was stated of Cym. parishii, "which so far 

as is known is not in cultivation." In 1927 

(Journ. R. H. S., Vol. 52, pt. 1, 1927, p. 30) 

Mr. Alexander mentioned that Westonbirt 

had bred fine Cymbidiums from parishii 

'Sanderae', but he did not indicate whether 

it was then still in the Westonbirt collection. 

In Withner's "The Orchids — A Scientific 

Survey" (1959, p. 266) it is stated 

that Cym. parishii "is probably no longer in 

cultivation." This belief was also expressed 

by Mr. Roger Sander and other English 

orchid growers several years ago when we 

were searching for this rare species. 

Thus, it appears that Cymbidium parishii 

may have been rescued from the fate 

that befell the extinct archeopteryx and the 

dodo. — Greenoaks, Arcadia, California. 

The Rev. Parish's Cymbidium 

By Wm. Jeff Trimble. 

"Parishii Regained", the historic 

article first published by the AOS 

in 1965 by Emma Menninger 

illustrates how the fate of an 

orchid species can be affected by 

mankind for the good as well as 

bad. 

The Cymbidium species 

parishii, sanderae, or parishii var. 

Sanderae is one of the most important 

species we have in Cymbidium 

hybridizing. It is in the 

background of some of the most 

significant Cymbidium hybrids 

that have been registered. As a 

Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae, 

Photo CSA Archives 

34

cymbidium species it ranks 5th in the number 

of progeny with 11,126 as of 2014. Only 

Cymbidiums insigne, lowianum, eburneum, 

and grandiflorum have more. Surprisingly, 

the RHS lists sanderae as 11th in the number 

of progeny. 

Now the big question: what is the 

difference between parishii and sanderae? 

Some say it is how the flower spike is initiated, 

that one starts the spike in the leaves 

and the other starts its spike at the bottom 

of the bulb. After talking to several experts, 

I found that the general opinion is that 

they both will spike either way. The biggest 

difference that I have seen is that Sanderae 

will have more than 10 flowers per spike, 

and parishii 4 -5 flowers on a spike, but of 

course the number of flowers on a spike can 

be dependent on many conditions. The 

lips may be different, but that is also known 

to come from diversity. Additionally it is reported 

that the flower segments fold back a 

bit more on a parishii. Other than 

that, one cannot tell them apart. 

Truth be told most of the 

older plants in culture now are 

either sib crosses or divisions of 

the original plant that Mrs. Menninger 

rescued back in the ‘60s. 

So what makes this species 

valuable as a hybridizing parent? 

For a start the inflorescence presentation 

is arching which makes 

for a good flower display. Its color 

is not dominant, allowing offspring 

to carry other color flowers. 

It improves the red markings 

on its progenies’ lips, and overall 

seems to improve the appearance 

of the plants. Finally the progeny 

will tolerate a slightly raised 

growing temperature. 

Some of the older primary 

hybrids are still being used and 

re-made. Cymbidium Dryad, insigne crossed 

with parishii [1914 Holford] was used 

many times and is still being shown in its 

4n version. Cymbidium Garnet, parishii 

crossed with lowianum [1915 Holford] is 

being remade in a tetraploid version, as is 

Cymbidium Sea Mew, which is made from 

crossing parishii with iansonii. 

Now let us look at the last 40 years 

of primary hybridizing of these species. I 

would have to say that New Horizons, Geyersland, 

and Featherhill are the firms with 

the most success from crosses made with 

these species. The primary hybrids include: 

Hugh Gordon made with alifolium [Featherhill 

1979]. Devon Parish made with devonianum 

[Geyserland 1983]. Herbie Poole 

made with hookerianum [Geyserland 1989]. 

Herbert George Alexander made with tracyanum 

[AOS, 2001]. Canal Parish made 

with canaliculatum [New Horizon, 2011]. 

Cymbidium Dryad 

Photo courtesy W. Caughlan 

35

There are many others that have garnered 

awards, but another new direction in 

breeding has taken place. You need to look 

no farther than Cymbidium Gladys Whitsell 

[Geyersland 1983]. This was a cross 

of Cymbidium Fifi and parishii/sanderae. 

Where Cymbidium Fifi needed a truck to 

take it to a show because of its Cymbidium 

madidum growing size,Gladys Whitsell is a 

plant that can be transported in a station 

wagon. It has received 21 awards and is 

still being judged in orchid shows around 

the world. 

Some of the most exciting work is that 

being done on novelty Cymbidiums using 

Cymbidium parishii/sanderae. Again, New 

Horizons is leading the way. Cymbidium Loly 

Cymbidium Devon Parish 'Dark Eyes' 

Photo CSA Archive 

Moving on to more modern complex 

hybrids, if you do the research you find 

Cymbidium parishii/sanderae in many 

hybrids and some very famous ones at that. 

The first example of these famous hybrids 

would have to be Cymbidium Lillian 

Stewart [Stewart 1955]. This grand dame 

has 144 awards to its name. It has 9.4% 

parishii in it from the Cymbidium Dryad and 

Cymbidium Elfin in its background. 

The next example is Cymbidium San Francisco 

[Stewart 1956] with 115 awards. It 

has 7.3% from Cymbidium Dryad and Cymbidium 

Garnet. Some of the show bench 

hybrids currently being shown that have 

parishii/sanderae in the background are 

Cymbidium Hazel Fay [Geyersland 1998] 

3.1%, Cymbidium Valley Zenith [Valley 

Orchids 1982] 7%, and Cymbidium Valley 

Splash [Valley Orchids 1991] 4.7%. Of 

course these are complex hybrids that have 

many species contributing to their backgrounds. 

Cymbidium Gladys Whitsel 'The Charmer' 

Photo Wm. Jeff Trimble 

Cymbidium parishii 'Mem Emma Menninger' x 

Cymbidium Aunty Violet 

photo Geroge Hatfield 

36

Fangon is a cross of Cymbidium Sunday Romance 

with Cymbidium parishii [New Horizons 

2013]. Cymbidium Boon Bryson is 

a cross of Cymbidium Gladys Whitsell with 

Cymbidium Gordon Gibbs [New Horizons 

2009]. And Cymbidium Shinning Parish is 

a cross of Cymbidium Kusuda Shining with 

Cymbidium parishii [New Horizons 2011]. 

I also think that some interesting 

parishii/sanderae hybrids are currently 

being made with modern hybrids. Case in 

point, George Hatfield is making crosses 

such as Cymbidium parishii ‘Mem. Emma 

Menninger’ x Cymbidium James Toya 

and Cymbidium parishii ‘Mem. Emma 

Menninger’ x Cymbidium Aunty Violet. 

I have made several crosses with 

Cymbidium parishii “Mem Emma 

Menninger” 4N as a parent. One is a cross 

with Cymbidium Valley Zenith ‘Glen Avon’. 

I hope to get a much improved Cymbidium 

Western Movie. The spike should be taller, 

the flowers an apple green color, and the 

flower count should 10 to 12. Another of 

my crosses is Cymbidium parishii/sanderae 

with Cymbidium Helen Tangcay. This will 

have long spikes of 12 to 15 flowers in a 

light to medium pink color. 

So what does the future have in store 

for us? Luckily, new plants of Cymbidium 

parishii/sanderae are being found in Viet 

Nam and Cambodia. And with the opening 

of tourist trade in Myanmar [Burma] 

we might see plants from the original 

collection area where Rev. Parish found his 

plants all those years ago. 

Wm. Jeff Trimble is the 

past president of CSA 

and current president 

of the Peninsula Orchid 

Society of San Mateo, 

California. He has been 

growing orchids since 

1974 and currently 

occupies a large 

unheated greenhouse 

in Pacifica, California 

overlooking the Pacific 

Ocean. 

Cymbidium parishii 

'Mem Emma Menninger x 

Cymbidium James Toya . 

photo Geroge Hatfield 

37

38

The Duffer's* Corner : 

You Can't Tell the Players Without a Program 

Part 1. 

By Andy Cameron, Ph.D 

No. 12 

Let’s talk about the classification of 

cymbidiums. Human beings classify items 

to bring order into a chaotic situation. 

Consider supermarkets which classify fruits 

and vegetables in the Produce section and 

jars of mayonnaise and mustard under Condiments. 

Imagine a supermarket with its 

42,000 items (average in 2014) randomly 

placed on shelves and bins; then redistributed 

every night. It would take literally 

hours each time to find the specific items 

one wanted! After you have rested up from 

that thought experiment, consider further 

that supermarket food categories are all 

clearly separate. It would be hard to confuse 

Dry Goods with Dairy, for example. 

Cymbidium collections are not as various 

or complicated as food stores but one still 

needs a way to distinguish various species 

and hybrids for culture, for judging or for 

simply discussing an excellent plant. 

In Duffers Corner #4 we discussed the 

rules for naming species and hybrids and 

where the Cymbidium genus falls within the 

orchid family and seed plants more broadly. 

We observed how a properly formed name 

can lead to the pedigree of a hybrid all the 

way back to the first primary cross. Here I 

want to explore the extent of cymbidiums: 

how many species are there? How are they 

organized? What can we glean for this information 

about breeding and culture? 

For the purposes of discussion let’s 

review some taxonomic terms we will need. 

The name Cymbidium is a genus name, that 

is, a taxonomic rank between species and 

family. A genus contains species. A species 

by a common definition, is a group of plants 

with shared characteristics that normally 

interbreed. Normally means without the aid 

of humans. So if Cymbidium canaliculatum 

and C. insigne never occur together they 

would remain separate species even if we 

transport the plants to a site and manually 

pollinate one with pollinia from the other. 

There are a number of divisions above 

genus, the commonest being the rank of 

family. Cymbidium genera are members of 

the Family Orchidaceae. Below genus is 

a useful term used for cymbidiums, called 

section. It is an unranked term used to 

organize a genus with a large number of 

species. The benefit of being unranked is it 

avoids adding more combinations of names. 

An unranked name is not part of the formal 

binomial name but can be added. For 

example, Cymbidium tracyanum belongs 

to the section Cyperorchis so it could be 

written as Cymbidium (sect. Cyperorchis) 

*Duffer, from Webster's Dictionary: An incompetent, ineffectual or clumsy person, especially a 

mediocre golfer. Growing orchids isn't exactly golf. I prefer the third adjective, clumsy. 

39

tracyanum. After reading a number of 

taxonomic papers, it seems that subgeneric 

rankings of subspecies or section have 

been used variously for cymbidiums over 

the years. The most recent is the section 

arrangement used by Du Puy and Cribb in 

the book, “The Genus Cymbidium”. We’ll 

use that one here. All of these rules are laid 

out by the International Association for 

Plant Taxonomy. 

What is a cymbidium? The definition 

of the genus Cymbidium was published 

in 1799 by Olof Peter Swartz in the journal 

whose title is abbreviated: Nov Act Soc Sc 

Upsal. Swartz was probably the first specialist 

in orchid taxonomy and he studied 

under Linnaeus the younger, whose father 

established the binomial nomenclature we 

use today. There are various descriptions of 

the genus but one of the best is in the book 

entitled “The Genus Cymbidium” by David 

Du Puy and Phillip Cribb (see references). 

The features that identify cymbidiums include 

aspects of leaf anatomy, pseudobulb 

structure and either two or four pollinia. 

Under this careful definition of cymbidium, 

how many actual species are there? 

There are some places to look, especially 

in web accessible databases. First, there is a 

working list of all plant species, The Plant 

List, created by Royal Botanic Gardens, 

Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden 

and posted in the internet at http://www. 

theplantlist.org/. These institutions gathered 

all of the plant checklist datasets they 

could find and generated a stupendous 

master list. The new list combines a number 

of already huge lists stretching from 

the 200,000 names in the International 

Organization of Plant Information to the 

“Tropicos” information system of the Missouri 

Botanical Garden which holds over 

a million names and 3.9 million herbarium 

specimens. They further examined all of 

the names and rated those with sufficient 

information as “Accepted”. The synonyms 

and unresolved names are also included. 

Fig. 1. Olof Peter Swartz (1760-1818). 

The author of the genus description for 

cymbidiums published in 1799 

We therefore may count the cymbidium 

information here as reasonably authoritative 

and probably inclusive. The Plant List 

returns 527 entries under the search term 

Cymbidium. Of these, 92 were rated as 

“Accepted”. Removing the subspecies and 

varieties leaves 72 species. In contrast Du 

Puy and Cribb in the 2007 book list 52 species. 

The difference stems from several issues. 

Some names have been assigned in 

new reports published after the book. However, 

Du Puy and Cribb examined hundreds 

of plant specimens in herbaria around the 

world as well as the literature and they resolved 

a number of the ambiguous names. 

If we combine the 52 well annotated ones 

and the new species the total comes to 60 

species (Table 1). 

For ease of handling, the species are 

arranged into sections. There are 11 sections 

in the genus. If we exclude the six sections 

with one or two species, the majority 

are divided among four sections: Cymbidi- 

40

Sectional listing of the Genus Cymbidium 

Annamaea 

Floribundum 

Cymbidium erythrostylum 1,2 Cymbidium chloranthum 1,2 

Austrocymbidium Cymbidium elongatum 1,2 

Cymbidium canaliculatum 1,2 Cymbidium floribundum 1,2 

Cymbidium madidum 1,2 Cymbidium hartinahianum 1,2 

Cymbidium suave 1,2 Cymbidium suavissimum 1,2 

Bigibbarium 

Himantophyllum 

Cymbidium devonianum 1,2 Cymbidium dayanum 1,2 

Borneense 

Jensoa 

Cymbidium aliciae 1,2 Cymbidium cyperifolium 1,2 

Cymbidium borneense 1,2 Cymbidium defoliatum 1,2 

Cymbidium Cymbidium ensifolium 1,2 

Cymbidium aloifolium 1,2 Cymbidium faberi 1,2 

Cymbidium atropurpureum 1,2 Cymbidium goeringii 1,2 

Cymbidium bicolor 1,2 Cymbidium kanran 1,2 

Cymbidium finlaysonianum 1,2 Cymbidium munroanum 1,2 

Cymbidium rectum 1,2 Cymbidium nanulum 1,2 

Cyperorchis Cymbidium omeiense 1,2 

Cymbidium banaense 1,2 Cymbidium qiubeiense 1,2 

Cymbidium cochleare 1,2 Cymbidium sichuanicum 1,2,3 

Cymbidium eburneum 1,2 Cymbidium sinense 1,2 

Cymbidium elegans 1,2 Cymbidium tortisepalum 1,2 

Cymbidium erythraeum 1,2 Pachyrhizanthe 

Cymbidium hookerianum 1,2 Cymbidium lancifolium 1,2 

Cymbidium insigne 1,2 Cymbidium macrorhizon 1,2 

Cymbidium iridioides 1,2 Parishiella 

Cymbidium lowianum 1,2 Cymbidium tigrinum 1,2 

Cymbidium mastersii 1,2 Not classified 

Cymbidium parishii 1,2 Cymbidium induratifolium 1,4 

Cymbidium roseum 1,2 Cymbidium longipes 1,5 

Cymbidium sanderae 1,2 Cymbidium micranthum 1,2 

Cymbidium schroederi 1,2 Cymbidium paucifolium 1,7 

Cymbidium sigmoideum 1,2 Cymbidium recurvatum 1,6 

Cymbidium tracyanum 1,2 Cymbidium wadae 1,7 

Cymbidium wenshanense 1,2 

Cymbidium whiteae 1,2 

Cymbidium wilsonii 1,2 

Table 1. A listing of the species in the genus Cymbidium by section after the scheme proposed by 

Du Puy and Cribb (2007). The assignment to the sections does not strictly follow the molecular 

evidence and is therefore considered as provisional grouping. The sources of evidence for the 

names is indicated by the numbers following them. They are: 1) The Plant List; 2) Du Puy and 

Cribb, 2007; 3) Liu and Chen 2002; 4) Liu and Zhang, 1998; 5) Liu and Chen 2006; 6) Liu, Chen and 

Cribb, 2009; 7) T.Yukawa, 2002 

41

um, Cyperorchis, Floribundum and Jensoa. 

That leaves the Australian species Cymbidium 

canaliculatum, C. madidum and C. 

suave forming a neat group of three in the 

section Austrocymbidium. Based on anatomical 

characters it is somewhat difficult 

to exclusively define the sections. Molecular 

evidence is better but the organization 

is still considered provisional. 

Looking back over the literature on 

Cymbidium systematics, there seems to be 

little agreement in the beginning of this discourse. 

However the advent of molecular 

approaches using DNA comparisons has 

reduced the controversy considerably. It is 

a powerful technique which, with sufficient 

samples, can provide strong inferences. As 

Mark W. Chase , an orchid systematist at 

Kew Gardens, says in an informative short 

video (see references): DNA systematics 

can provide origins as well as relationships. 

That means not only can we determine 

what a species closest relatives are, but how 

the “family” tree branches in deeper time. 

This molecular evidence has solidified relationships 

above the genus level very well. 

We must assume as more information is 

gathered that the small discrepancies within 

the genus will be reconciled, too. 

This background in names and 

relationships ought to be useful for the 

hobbyist. In the next part of this essay 

coming in the next edition, we’ll try to draw 

some insight from this naming structure for 

our particular uses. See you next time. 

References. 

Below are listed the journal articles and the web link to their entry in a plant name database. 

Some of the citations are incomplete. 

Du Puy, David and Cribb, Phillip. 2007. The Genus Cymbidium. Kew Publishing, UK. 

Liu, Z. J. and Chen S. C. 2006. The Genus Cymbidium in China. 82. 

http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-346628 

Liu, Z. J., Chen, S.C. and. Cribb, P.J. 2009. Flora of China 25: 278. 

http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100352175 

Liu, Z. J. and Chen, S. C. 2002. J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 20(5): 350. 

http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-235493 

Liu, Z. J. and Zhang, J. N. 1998 J. S. China Agric. Univ. 19(3): 115. 

http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-462744 

Mark Chase, Kew Gardens talking about naming and biodiversity 

https://youtu.be/wT-3OeS_qdE 

The Plant List, http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/about/ 

Yukawa, T., Miyoshi, k. and Yokoyama, J. 2002. Molecular phylogeny and character 

evolution of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, Ser. B, 28, 

4: 129-139 

Dr. Andrew Cameron is an animal research 

biologist with an amateur interest in plants. He 

spends much of his spare time trying to convince 

hybrid cymbidiums that Pasadena, California is a 

nice place to live. 

42

SOUTH BAY ORCHID SOCIETY 

FIRST ANNUAL 

ORCHID AUCTION 

Friday April 21, 2017 

7-10pm 

Preview 6:30pm 

Free Entrance Free Parking Refreshments 

Quality plants from nurseries, vendors, hobbyists, 

commercial growers & society members 

Blooming Orchids, Species & Hybrids, Rare Plants 

Indoor and outdoor growers 

South Coast Botanic Garden 

26300 Crenshaw Blvd 

Palos Verdes Peninsula, CA 90274 

OPEN TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC 

www.southbayorchidsociety.com 

Cash or Checks only 

43

Cymbidium Society of America Awards 

CSA Orchid Show, Western Springs, Auckland, New Zealand 

Aug 8, 2015 

Judges Present: J Austin, T Austin, A Day, W Grausch, C Hubbert, L Neale, R Neale, B 

Vance. Chair: J. Vance. 

Silver Award 

Cymbidium Regent Kahn 'Ozelworth' 

(Cym Valley Regent x Cym Lancashire 

Khan) 

Point Score: 81.7 

Twenty six flowers on two inflorescences. Petals 

and sepals crimson, self striped. Lip white with 

heavy crimson barring and spotting, and a light 

yellow flush centrally; keels yellow with small 

crimson spots. Column crimson with cream 

anther cap. 

Large well grown plant. Two erect stems 90 and 

98 cms tall, displaying the flowers well above 

the foliage. 

OW 10.8 cm, DSW 4.5 cm, PW 3.5 cm, VSW 

4.5 cm, Stem 11.1 cm. 

Owner: Andy & Kannika Price 

Photograph courtesy C. Hubbert 

Waitakere Orchid Club Show, Kelston, New Zealand 

Aug 29, 2015 

Judges Present: C Hubbert, L Neale, R Neale, B Vance, J Vance Chair: R. Tucker. 

Paph Debbie Robinson 'Keith' 

(Paph appletonianum x Paph wardii 


Six flowers and 1 bud on seven inflorescences. 

Dorsal sepal apple green with darker strips, and 

a pale burgundy flush adjacent to staminode. 

Petals apple green overlaid with brown-purple 

spots and dots and flushing towards the tips; 

ciliate margins. Pouch brown-purple on green 

base. Ventral sepal apple green self striped. 

Very well grown plant with clean mottled 

foliage. 

OW 10.1 cm, DSW 3.5 cm, PW 1.8 cm, Stem 

37.0 cm 

Owner: L. Rockell 

Silver Award 

Photograph courtesy D. Chuah 

44

Waitakere Orchid Club Show, Kelston, New Zealand 

Aug 29, 2015 

Judges Present: C Hubbert, L Neale, R Neale, B Vance, J Vance Chair: R. Tucker. 

Bronze Awards 

Cymbidium Orange Sunrise 'Good 

Morning' 

(Cym Hazel Fay x Cym Gloria Streeter) 


Thirty one flowers on 2 inflorescences. 

Petals and sepals deep cream overlaid pale 

bronze-red striping and suffusion. Lip 

cream with plum bar and central stripe and 

light spotting. Anther cap cream. Large 

well grown plant with 2 graceful arching 

stems displaying flowers attractively. 

OW 8.5 cm, DSW 4.4 cm, PW 3.8 cm, 

VSW 4.4 cm,. 

Owner: Alan Napper 

Cymbidium Leroys Hazel 'Aria' 

(Cym Hazel Fay x Cym Roy and Ray) 

Point Score: 78 

Twenty two flowers and 25 buds on 5 

inflorescences. Petals and sepals cream 

overlaid orange/red, self-striped. Lip cream, 

solid crimson bar on front lobe, keels cream 

with crimson dots. Five tall erect stems to 90 

cm displaying flowers well clear of foliage. 


3.9 cm,. 

Owner: Lito Teope 

Paph Voodoo Wonder 'Shellnick Ruby' 

(Paph Voodoo Magic x Paph Wood 

Wonder 


Single flower on tall erect stem. Dorsal sepal 

very round, a little cupped, heavy glossy stripes 

of dark maroon over a pink background. Petals 

dark maroon with near-black warts and finely 

ciliate margins. Pouch blackish-purple, matt. 

Small well-grown plant, clean mottled foliage. 

OW 11.8 cm, DSW 6.3 cm, PW 2.2cm, Stem 

44.0 cm 

Owner: Chris Whitby 

Photograph courtesyD. Chuah 



45

Cymbidium Irish Wind 'Yeah Right' 

(Cym Cymbiflor x Cym devonianum) 


Twenty two flowers and 2 buds on 2 

inflorescences, petals and sepals yellow olive 

with faint red flush, and narrow central red 

stripe in petals. Lip white with solid maroon 

front lobe, pale lemon anther cap. Large plant, 

well grown, flowers a little bunched on stems. 


2.7 cm,. 

Owner: Alan Napper 

New Zealand Orchid Society Spring Show, Mt. Albert 

Sept. 26, 2015 

Judges Present: W Grausch, C Hubbert, S Tucker, B Vance, J Vance Chair: R. Tucker. 

Cymbidium Betty Vance 'Nessie' 

(Cym Globetrotter x Cym Anna Szabo) 


Twenty nine flowers on three erect 

inflorescences. Petals and sepals white with 

soft pale pink flush and soft pale magenta stripe 

in petals. Lip white with solid maroon band 

frontally and magenta flush to side lobes and 

frontal picotee. Keels lemon. Column flushed 

magenta, speckled magenta underneath. Pollen 

cap cream. Texture matt. Heavy substance. 


3.4 cm,. 

Owner: Villa Orchids 

Cymbidium Kydan's Flame 'Redvale' 

(Cym Norwegian Wood x Cym Khan 

Flame) 


Twenty six flowers on one tall arching 

inflorescence. Petals and sepals rose with paler 

striations. Lip white with crimson bar and 

centre stripe on front lobe, side lobes lightly 

flushed pale rose. Keels cream with sparse pale 

rose dots. Pollen cap cream. 


2.8 cm,. 

Owner: R & S Tucker 

Silver Award 

Bronze Award 




46

Award of Distinction 

Cymbidium Kiwi Snow 'Snowball' 

(Cym Hazel Show x Cym devonianum) 

Twenty two flowers and two buds on one 

arching inflorescence. Petals and sepals pale 

lime green, petals and dorsal have light red 

veining centrally, becoming a light red flush 

adjacent to column. Lip white with light rose 

flush frontally. Keels pale lemon. Column 

speckled light red underneath. The novel, 

distinctive, feature for this AD is the white lip, 

the usual devonianum colouring being absent. 


1..8 cm. 

Owner: R & S Tucker 


Santa Barbara International Orchid Show, 

Santa Barbara, CA 

March 12, 2015 

Judges Present: B. Burkey, N. Hasegawa, J. Trimble, T. Tanaka, K. Jacobsen, M. Levy,. T. 

Velardi, J. Rowe, Chair: G. Hatfield. . 

Silver Awards 

Paphiopedilum Hot Stuff 'Sundancer' 

(Paph Golden Chalice x Paph 

armeniacum) 


Two flowers on one inflorescence. Monochrome 

light yellow, consistent color depth, outline oval. 

Dorsal sepal with longitudinal ridges. Synsepal 

extends well below pouch. Lateral petals with a 

light glossy texture. 

OW 11.5 cm, DSW 9.3 cm, PW 6.5 cm, VSW 7 

cm, STEM 23.5 cm. 

Owner: Orchids Royale 

Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers 

47

Cymbidium John William Easton 'New 

Horizon' 

(Cym Fifi x Cym Spring Beauty) 


Twenty nine flowers and two buds on one 

arching inflorescence. Light apple green base 

color on petals and sepals. Lip light yellow-green 

with reds and light red stippling on two thirds 

of lip. 

OW 8cm, DSW 2.6cm, PW 2cm, VSW 2.6cm, . 

Owner: Cal Orchids 

Paphiopedilum Spring Wolf 'Jack' 

(Paph Dire Wolf x Paph Spring Moonbeam) 


One flower on one inflorescence, dorsal sepal 

very light green with dark green veins. Lateral 

petals medium green with dark green veins and 

upper half apple green. Synsepal small and light 

green. Pouch apple green. Texture rough. 

OW 13 cm, DSW 6.4 cm, PW 2.9 cm, VSW 2.5 

cm, STEM 27 cm. 

Owner: Jim Sloniker 

Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Heart of 

Gold' 

(Cym madidum x Cym Ruby Eyes) 


315 flowers on seven inflorescences. Overall 

color burgundy. Lip bright yellow with dark 

stippling on outside edge of lip. Anther cap 

bright white. Good Display. 

OW 5cm, DSW 1.6cm, PW 1.5cm, VSW 1.8cm, 

Owner: Hatfield Orchids 

Paphiopedilum Pitch Blend 'Monsoon 

Perfect Pitch' 

(Paph Hsinying Pitch x Paph Hsinying 

Dewey) 


One flower on erect stem, slightly cupped dorsal 

veined dark burgundy with small spots proximally, 

petals green profusely spotted black burgundy, 

pouch heavily overlaid dark burgundy, substance 

heavy, texture waxy. 

OW 12.1 cm, DSW 8.1 cm, PW 2.8 cm, VSW 3.4 

cm, STEM 40 cm. 

Owner: Bryce Augustine 

Bronze Awards 





48

Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Goddess' 

(Paph William Ambler x Paph sanderianum) 


Three flowers on a single stem. Yellow-green base 

color dorsal and ventral striped vertically with 

dark maroon. Petals broad at base elongating out 

and down to point. Petals spotted in maroon. 

Darker maroon spots along edges. Last half of 

petals light maroon. Pouch light yellow with 

cordovan brown overlay. Staminode light maroon 

with hairs along edge. 

OW 12.5cm, DSW 3.9cm, PW 2.0cm, VSW 3.7 




Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#1' 

(Phrag caudatum x Phrag wallisii) 


Six flowers and 1 bud on two inflorescences. 

Sepals long, green with dark green tessellations. 

Petals 71 cm long, twisted and ranging from green 

at the base to bronze at the tip. Pouch beige with 

a green tint at the opening with brown spotting 

inside the tip. Column with brown tips. 

OW 5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 1 cm, VSW 5.4 cm, 

STEM 68 and 58 cm. 

Owner: Ventura Farms 


Cymbidium Tower of Fire 'Anya' 

(Cym Electric Ladyland x Cym Icho Tower) 

Forty-two flowers on four inflorescences. 

Flowers dark yellow overlaid with dark pink 

diffused striations. Lip yellow with red terminal 

band, column red, anther cap yellow. 


4 cm. 

Owner: Weegie Caughlan 


49

Cymbidium Corakiwi 'Avril' 

(Cym Coraki x Cym devonianum) 


Ninety nine flowers and thirty-eight buds on 

six inflorescences. Flowers pale greed overlaid 

with deep rose. Lip solid burgundy, anther cap 

white. 

OW 5.8 cm, DSW 2.3 cm, PW 2 cm, VSW 2 

cm. 

Owner: Eric Andreasen 

Cymbidium Doris Hirata 'Superstar' 

(Cym Lillian Fujimoto x Cym Mem. Amelia 

Earhart) 


245 flowers and 12 inflorescences. Sepals 

and petals clear yellow-green, slightly blushed 

raspberry centrally, lip clear yellow, substance 

firm, texture matte. 

OW 5.8 cm, DSW 2 cm, PW 1.5 cm, VSW 2cm. 


Paphiopedilum moquetteanum 'Monsoon 

Freckles' (species) 


One large beautiful flower and two buds on a 

tall 41 cm spike. Pouch yellow base with green 

toward the back of pouch attachment. Soft rose 

pink on front of pouch with darker pink dots. 

Staminode apple green with brown triangular 

shield. Dorsal yellow green with burgundy 

dot running vertically petal light yellow with 

burgundy spotting twisting our from center. 

Edging of petals hirsute. 

No Measurements Reported. 


Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Oxnard' 

(Cym Lillian Fujimoto x Cym Ruby Pendant) 


41 flowers on 2 inflorescences. Base color 

yellow with cordovan -brown overlay on sepals 

and petals. Lip cream yellow with cordovanbrown 

on front third. Very pleasing flowers. 


1.8cm. 


Photograph courtesy L. Vierheilig 




50

Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Monsoon 

Platinum Fall' 

(Phrag caudatum x Phrag wallisii) 


Four flowers on one stem. Sepals long, green with 

dark green reticulations. Lateral petals twisted 

and ranging from green at the base to bronze 

at the tip. Pouch beige with a green tint at the 

opening 

OW 5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 1 cm, VSW 5.4 cm, 

STEM 71 cm. 


Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Hatfields' 

(Cym Lillian Fujimoto x Cym Ruby Pendant) 


Ninety two flowers on four inflorescences. 

Sepals and petals reddish brown with darker 

striations centrally; lip cream with maroon-red 

on lower edge and maroon blush on side lobes; 

nicely displayed flowers on pendulous spikes 


1.8cm. 


Cymbidium Mad Cindy 'Hatfields' 

(Cym Cindy Lou x Cym madidum) 


504 flowers and 5 buds on 14 inflorescences. 

Petals and sepals cream colored overlaid with 

even light green; petals blushed pink on inner 

one fourth; lip lighter green on lower half, pink 

blush on inner half with bright yellow centrally. 


1.3cm. 





Cymbidium Alcor 'Sorella' 

(Cym simulans x Cym canaliculatum) 


250 flowers and 96 buds on 5 inflorescences. 

Base color yellow with russet brown overlay. 

Edges of petals and sepals pale yellow. Lip 

russet brown with yellow callus, lip rolls under. 


0.8cm. 

Owner: Sorella Orchids 


51

Cymbidium Fifington 'My Van' 

(Cym Fifi x Cym Ernest Heatherington) 


Twenty eight flowers and 1 bud on one 

inflorescence. Overall color mustard yellow 

with very light reddish brown blush, lip bright 

yellow with front of lip red, column has red 

blush. 


3.0 cm. 

Owner: Ha Bui 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#2' (Phrag caudatum 

x Phrag wallisii) 


Seven flowers and 1 bud on two inflorescences. 

Sepals long, green with dark green reticulations. 

71 cm petals twisted and ranging from green at 

base to bronze at the lip. Pouch beige with a 

green tint at the opening and brown spotting 

inside the lip. 

OW 5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 1 cm, VSW 5.4 

cm, STEM 74 and 61 cm. 

Owner: Ventura Farms 

Paphiopedilum Voodoo Eyes 'Monsoon 

Fire Gem - 1' 

(Paph Awasubih's Firewood x Paph Ruby 

Voodoo) 


One flower, dorsal sepal red, with deeper red 

vertical striation. Petals green centrally fading 

quickly to deep red. Pouch mahogany 

OW 10.5cm, DSW 6.8cm, PW 2.5cm, VSW 

2cm, STEM 35.5 cm. 


Cymbidium Geno's Gem 'Shortstop' 

(Cym Mad Hatter x Cym Kalimpong) 


Seventy-two flowers and six buds on four 

inflorescences, flowers light green sepals and 

petals tinged with bronze distally. Lip solid 

burgundy 


2.0cm. 

Owner: Joseph Santy 





52

Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny' 

(Cym Touchstone x Cym Vogelsang) 


One hundred flowers and two hundred sixtytwo 

buds on twelve inflorescences. Flowers 

burgundy, lip dark burgundy-red, anther cap 

white. 


1.5 cm. 

Owner: Eric Andreasen 

Paphiopedilum Rebecca Sloniker 'Rebecca' 

(Paph Shin-yi Pulsar x Paph sukhakulii) 


One flower on single stem. Flower green, dorsal 

sepal with mahogany spotting centrally, petals 

strong mahogany, mid-line and mahogany 

markings waning toward dorsal edge. Pouch 

golden-green with moderate mahogany spotting 

interior. Texture crystalline, substance firm. 

OW 12cm, DSW 7.5cm, PW 2.5cm, VSW 2.5 



Paphiopedilum Wonder Jack 'Rebecca' 

(Paph Jack Straw x Paph Lippewunder) 


One flower on one stem, vini-color. Top of 

petals pebbled and extremely dark as is center 

of the dorsal sepal. Edges of dorsal and bottom 

of petals fade to a wine color. Pouch with a 

medium sheen 

OW 11.5cm, DSW 9.2cm, PW 5.5cm, VSW 5.7 






Cultural Award 

Cymbidium Langleyense 'Hatfields' 

(Cym lowianum x Cym devonianum) 


378 flowers and 72 buds on 18 inflorescences. 

A very well grown primary hybrid grown in a 

two gallon pot. Sepals and petals olive green, 

lip cream with a distinctive dark red "V" on the 

front of the lip. 


1.3cm. 



53

New Orchid Hybrids 

July - September 2015 Registrations 

Supplied by the Royal Hotricultural Society as International Cultivar Registration Authority 

for Orchid Hybrids. (O/U = Originator unknown) 

Name Parentage Registered by 

Cymbidium 

All on Black Cym. Bill Guest x Cym. Shocking Guest 

All on Red Cym. Bill Guest x Cym. Prized Guest 

Amok in Kent Cym. Red Sox x Cym. Ruby Eyes A.Easton 

Australian Trinity Wall Trinity Rah x Cym. Amber Wall Australian O.N. 

(Keith Wallace) 

Autumn Cherry Cym. Sundaani Autumn x Cym. Australian Cherry P.J.Hockey 

Bas du Marais Cym. Mont Nicholle x Cym. Demie de Pas E.Young O.F. 

Beauvoir 

Cym. Mont des Louannes x Cym. Memoria Patsy Bauman 

E.Young O.F. 

Belvedere Cym. Coupe Point x Cym. La Rosiere E.Young O.F. 

Cadillac Era Cym. End of an Era x Cym. Pink Cadillac P.J.Hockey 

Chemin de Herupe Cym. Rocco Tower x Cym. Glowing Sands E.Young O.F. 

Chemin de la Cauchie Cym. Colomberie x Cym. Green Glass E.Young O.F. 

Chemin de Louziere Cym. Mont Gavey x Cym. Cotil Point E.Young O.F. 

Chemin de Monts Cym. Olympic Podium x Cym. Havre des Pas E.Young O.F. 

Chemin de Noirmont Cym. Tower of Gold x Cym. Avranches E.Young O.F. 

Chemin de Portelet Cym. Coupe Point x Cym. Yamanashi Fire E.Young O.F. 

Chemin des Cotils Cym. Maufant x Cym. La Fosse E.Young O.F. 

Chemin des Landes Cym. Beauport x Cym. La Fosse E.Young O.F. 

Chemin des Maltieres Cym. Paternoster x Cym. Demie de Pas E.Young O.F. 

Chemin des Mielles Cym. Coupe Point x Cym. Pontac E.Young O.F. 

Chemin des Signaux Cym. Paradise Wonder x Cym. Wonder Arc E.Young O.F. 

Cherry Liqueur Cym. Chilli Pepper x Cym. Australian Cherry P.J.Hockey 

Clarence Flame Cym. Apache Flame x Cym. Foxfire Amber T.S.Bird (G.Giles) 

Corn Cob Cym. Hush x Cym. Eight Giants Guest 

Cuellette de Grantez Cym. Mont Sejour x Cym. La Fosse 

E.Young O.F. 

Cuellette de Leoville Cym. Avranches x Cym. Demie de Pas E.Young O.F. 

Delightful Cym. Three Sixes x Cym. Jessie’s Delight P.J.Hockey 

Dollabill Cym. Dolly x Cym. Sleeping Bill Bailey Orchidpeople 

Equinox 

Cym. Shirley May Walker x Cym. Sleeping Bill Bailey 

Orchidpeople 

Gold Rules Cym. Valerie Absolonova x Cym. Golden Rule A.Easton 

Good as Gold Cym. Gustav Mehlquist x Cym. Beau Guest Villa Orchids 

Green Diamond Cym. Kimberley Winter x Cym. Kimberley Valley Devon Meadows 

(C.Gillespie) 

E.Young O.F. 

Cym. Sundaani Autumn x Cym. dayanum [simonsianum] 

P.J.Hockey 

Hougue de Geonnais Cym. Mont Gavey x Cym. Memoria Patsy Bauman 

Legacy Day 

Magic Lady Cym. Kirby Lesh x Cym. Flaming Magic Devon Meadows 

(C.Gillespie) 

Marion Leggo Cym. Darch Christmas Joy x Cym. Beau Guest S.Guest 

Marmalade’s Cleo Cym. Marmalade x Cym. Cleo’s Melody P.J.Hockey 

Mem. Lynton Connor Cym. Darch Adventure x Cym. Hazel Fay P.J.Hockey 

Mindbender Cym. Valerie Absolonova x Cym. Red Beauty Orchidpeople 

Nancy Wake Cym. Lowio-Mastersii x Cym. Zales-goeringii A.Easton 

Orange Sunrise Cym. Hazel Fay x Cym. Gloria Streeter A.R.Napper 

Paradisian Choice Cym. Sleepy Sarah x Cym. Sarah Jean Paradisia Nurs. 

Photharam Sparkle Cym. Golden Elf x Cym. rectum P.Sungwiwek 

Regal Princess Cym. Kirby Lesh x Cym. Regal Flames Devon Meadows 

(C.Gillespie) 

54


Cymbidium (cont.) 

Rich Peter Cym. Billion Dollar Baby x Cym. Peter Pan A.Easton 

Sandy Butter Cym. Sandy Peter x Cym. Butter Brickle A.Easton 

Sandy Peter Cym. Peter Kipnis x Cym. Summer Sands A.Easton 

Shining Rule Cym. Golden Rule x Cym. Enzan Shining A.Easton 

Shoot Cecil Cym. Parish Laird x Cym. Golden Tiger A.Easton 

Sundaani Anzac Cym. End of an Era x Cym. Anzac Gold P.J.Hockey 

Sundaani Cascade Cym. Jessie’s Delight x Cym. Seven Waterfalls P.J.Hockey 

Sundaani Cherry Cym. Australian Cherry x Cym. Olympic Luck P.J.Hockey 

Sundaani Surprise Cym. Australian Cherry x Cym. Lilly Jean P.J.Hockey 

Sundaani’s Pepper Cym. Chilli Pepper x Cym. Happy Star P.J.Hockey 

Tenasserim Cym. Koh-Hou x Cym. aloifolium P.Sungwiwek 

Terms of Endearment Cym. Parish Elf x Cym. Falling Passion A.Easton 

Via Cherry Cym. Australian Cherry x Cym. Via Paradise P.J.Hockey 

Zales Diamond Cym. Zales-goeringii x Cym. Falling Passion A.Easton 

Zola Cym. Sundaani Autumn x Cym. Via Paradise P.J.Hockey 

Cypripedium 

None 

Paphiopedilum 

Avalon Delight Paph. Nike’s Sunny Delight x Paph. Avalon Mist J.Fang 

Black and Hari Paph. Harrisianum x Paph. Black Beauty Orchids Ltd[MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Brian Finstad Paph. Platy Swith x Paph. Norito Hasegawa Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Carol Beule Paph. primulinum x Paph. S. Gratrix H.Koopowitz 

Cascading Henry Paph. Cascading Pink x Paph. henryanum Lehua 

Castle Minowa Crystal Paph. Yerba Buena x Paph. Optimus Prime S.Kikuchi 

Castle Sumiyoshi Paph. Sorcerer’s Stone x Paph. Elfin Moon S.Kikuchi 

Charlies Pulsar Paph. Pulsar x Paph. charlesworthii H.Koopowitz 

(Orchid Zone) 

Churchill’s Tiger Paph. Winston Churchill x Paph. Tamil Tiger Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Circular World Paph. Small World x Paph. Hoopla G.Decker 

(Ratcliffe) 

Cocoa Burmotto Paph. In-Charm Circle x Paph. Enzan Motto Cocoa 

Cocoa Elegant Rouge Paph. Enzan Winston’s Vale x Paph. In-Charm Circle Cocoa 

Complex World Paph. Amazing World x Paph. Circular World G.Decker 

(Ratcliffe) 

Crimson World Paph. Personality x Paph. Thunder World Green Note 

Dark Skies Paph. Pair O’ Jacs x Paph. callosum H.Bauch 

De Brebant Paph. delenatii x Paph. Petits Sablon E.Young O.F. 

Fantastic Ranfan Paph. Fanaticum x Paph. Norito Hasegawa K.Ueda 

Fred’s Pink Pride Paph. Friedrich von Hayek x Paph. Kiwi Charm Lehua 

Fred’s Wonder Paph. Mr Wonderful x Paph. Friedrich von Hayek Lehua 

Golden Coat Paph. rothschildianum x Paph. Dollgoldi S.Kikuchi 

Grand Session Paph. Via Mesa Grande x Paph. Professional Green Note 

Hamlet’s Illusion Paph. Super Illusions x Paph. Hamlet’s Quest Lehua 

Hellion Redhill Paph. Izayoi Pink Panther x Paph. Paeony K.Ueda 

Irmi Brown Paph. Pedro’s Moon x Paph. gardineri Cramer 

Jewel Memories Paph. Jewel Green x Paph. Memoria Jeffrey Ma Lehua 

Kerli Cramer Paph. Gary Romagna x Paph. chamberlainianum Cramer 

Krull’s Flaming Peacock Paph. Krull’s Donna Brown x Paph. Ponkan’s Ebony Krull-Smith 

La Vallette Paph. delenatii x Paph. Knob Mochizuki E.Young O.F. 

Jewel Memories Paph. Jewel Green x Paph. Memoria Jeffrey Ma Lehua 

Kerli Cramer Paph. Gary Romagna x Paph. chamberlainianum Cramer 

55


Paphiopedilum (cont) 

Krull’s Flaming Peacock Paph. Krull’s Donna Brown x Paph. Ponkan’s Ebony Krull-Smith 

La Vallette Paph. delenatii x Paph. Knob Mochizuki E.Young O.F. 

Little Cassie Paph. Little Stevie x Paph. charlesworthii H.Koopowitz 

Little Olivia Paph. Hsinying Garnet x Paph. Whimsical H.Koopowitz 

Little Zdilla Paph. Mary Zdilla x Paph. helenae [delicatum] Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Luna Spots Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Spots Galore Lehua 

Magenta R. Quartet Paph. Ho Chi Minh x Paph. Lola Bird K.Ueda 

Martian Emperor Paph. Pacific Shamrock x Paph. Martian Man Orchid Zone 

Memoria Sandy Song Paph. Isabel Booth x Paph. niveum 

K.Kimmerle 

Mini Moon Paph. Josie’s Gold x Paph. Lunar Bell Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Minowa Effect Paph. Novisphere x Paph. Pacific Ocean S.Kikuchi 

Minowa Elegance Paph. Ice Age x Paph. Todd Clark S.Kikuchi 

Minowa Legend Paph. Elfin Star x Paph. Pacific Shamrock S.Kikuchi 

Minowa Snow Paph. Memoria Toshikazu Takahashi x Paph. Giantstone S .Kikuchi 

Miya Winning Spots Paph. Flight Jack x Paph. Kimura’s Dream T.Ozawa 

Miya Yellow Dress Paph. Peter Toshio x Paph. Jolly Green Gem T.Ozawa 

Miyabi Mariko Paph. Yadorigi x Paph. Memoria Sabrina Mark N.Izumi 

Mont Suzanne Paph. Mont Sejour x Paph. godefroyae E.Young O.F. 

Odette on High Paph. Odette’s Glory x Paph. Superb Fred Lehua 

Odette’s Desire Paph. Odette’s Spell x Paph. Petula’s Magic Lehua 

Odette’s Flair Paph. Odette’s Fred x Paph. Petula’s Flame Lehua 

Oriental Wolf Paph. Oriental Jewel x Paph. Dire Wolf Lehua 

Parish Amble Paph. William Ambler x Paph. parishii Lehua 

Payakka Kodkod Paph. thaianum x Paph. concolor T.Saisavoey 

(C. Piyachat) 

Payakka Snow Leopard Paph. Doctor Jack x Paph. Wellesleyanum T.Saisavoey 

(C. Piyachat) 

Peter Toshio Paph. Peter Black x Paph. Memoria Toshio Miyata T.Ozawa (O/U) 

Petula’s Glamor Paph. Love Song x Paph. Petula’s Magic Lehua 

Petula’s Darkness Paph. Petula’s Ghost x Paph. Petula’s Song Lehua 

Petula’s Moon Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Lady Petula Lehua 

Place Marche Paph. Saint Ouen x Paph. La Fosse E.Young O.F. 

Pot of Gold Paph. Pacific Shamrock x Paph. armeniacum Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Purple Spice Paph. liemianum x Paph. spicerianum Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Racer`s Gate Paph. Avenger x Paph. Emerald Gate S.Kikuchi 

Robin Anne Paph. Bianka x Paph. rothschildianum S.Kikuchi 

Shirokane Paph. White Queen x Paph. Optimus Prime M.Yamazaki 

Shun-Fa Rainbow Paph. Shin-Yi Heart x Paph. Hsinying Rocket Shun Fa Orchids 

Spicy Candy Paph. Coconut Candy x Paph. spicerianum Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Spring Fever Paph. Spring Moonbeam x Paph. Duguesclin Lehua 

Spring Jewel Paph. Spring Moonbeam x Paph. Luna Jewel Lehua 

Spring Venus Paph. Spring Moonbeam x Paph. venustum Lehua 

Stone Throw Paph. stonei x Paph. Fumimasa Sugiyama Orchids Ltd [MN] 

Stoned 

(R-J.Quené) 

Paph. Wilhelmina’s Stone x Paph. sanderianum Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Struber Zwerg Paph. thaianum x Paph. Pinocchio Cramer 

Terry Stone Paph. Stone Lovely x Paph. Terry Jarvi Orchid Zone 

Tristar Liger Paph. Gloria Naugle x Paph. Otogozen Taiwan Tristar 

Tristar Red Dream Paph. Liberty Taiwan x Paph. bellatulum Taiwan Tristar 

Tropical Flair Paph. S. Gratrix x Paph. acmodontum S.Kikuchi 

Tropical Storm Paph. Acclamation x Paph. Gridlock J.Fang 

Venus Memories Paph. Memoria Nicholas Hamann x Paph. venustum Lehua 

Victoria’s Passion Paph. victoria-mariae x Paph. lowii Lehua 

56


Paphiopedilum (cont) 

Yumi Lussier Paph. Clubber Lang x Paph. Saint Swithin R.Lussier 

Phragmipedium 

Bagatelle Phrag. Moulin de Nicholle x Phrag. Jersey E.Young O.F. 

Chateau Clairval Phrag. besseae x Phrag. Casselman River E.Young O.F. 

Earth Song Phrag. Stairway to Heaven x Phrag. wallisii Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Elfin’s Amulet Phrag. Jerry Dean Fischer x Phrag. hirtzii J-P.Faust 

Elfin’s Delight Phrag. Grande x Phrag. Raymonde Faust J-P.Faust 

Elfin’s Firecracker Phrag. Jean-Pierre Faust x Phrag. Michel Tremblay J-P.Faust 

Elfin’s Grace Phrag. Saint Peter x Phrag. Twilight J-P.Faust 

Elfin’s Spell Phrag. Conchiferum x Phrag. hirtzii J-P.Faust 

Elfin’s Wings Phrag. hirtzii x Phrag. schlimii J-P.Faust 

Farfadet’s Charms Phrag. hirtzii x Phrag. Praying Mantis J-P.Faust 

Farfadet’s Smile Phrag. Jerry Dean Fischer x Phrag. longifolium J-P.Faust 

Faust’s Delice Phrag. Taras x Phrag. exstaminodium J-P.Faust 

Faust’s Fascination Phrag. caricinum x Phrag. exstaminodium J-P.Faust 

Faust’s Vision Phrag. wallisii x Phrag. exstaminodium J-P.Faust 

Highway to Hell Phrag. Stairway to Heaven x Phrag. humboldtii Orchids Ltd [MN] 

(R-J.Quené) 

Lilja Myhre Phrag. Rosalie Dixler x Phrag. caudatum B.Myhre 

(A.Manrique) 

Memoria HR Giger Phrag. Jason Fischer x Phrag. Sunset Glow H.Bauch 

Normand Faust Phrag. Sorcerer’s Apprentice x Phrag. Elizabeth Castle J-P.Faust 

Petit Aleval Phrag. andreettae x Phrag. Fremont Point E.Young O.F. 

Petit Felard Phrag. andreettae x Phrag. Petits Sablon E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine de Coin Phrag. Anne Port x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine de la Croiserie Phrag. andreettae x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine de la Queruee Phrag. La Vingtaine x Phrag. Leslie Garay E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine des Marais Phrag. La Vingtaine x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine des Mathias Phrag. Sunset Glow x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine des Pigneux Phrag. Rouge Bouillon x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine du Douet Phrag. Nicholle Tower x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

57


Cymbidium 


October - December 2015 Registrations 

Supplied by the Royal Hotricultural Society as International Cultivar Registration Authority 

for Orchid Hybrids. (O/U = Originator unknown) 

Ahchoo Cym. Coratea x Cym. Sleeping Pepper Royale Orch. 

(A.Easton) 

Apache Blaze Cym. Lunar Blaze x Cym. Apache Flame Carter & Gardiner 


Australian Sunshine Cym. Foxfire Amber x Cym. Ginger Wall Australian O.N. 

Ave Maria Cym. Eastern Fabulous x Cym. Valerie Absolonova A.Easton 

Barrita Clarity Cym. President Wilson x Cym. Barrita Pear Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Crushed Cym. Kulnura Jewel x Cym. Krista’s Gold Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Cutlass Cym. Emerald Glory x Cym. Rembrandt Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Eminence Cym. Lunar Flame x Cym. Wild Goose Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Fall Cym. Krista’s Pearl x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Flame Cym. Spicy Khan x Cym. Barrita Garnet Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Floss Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant x Cym. Sylva Atom Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Garnet Cym. Rustic Tones x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Joy Cym. President Wilson x Cym. Kulnura Angel Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Lemonade Cym. Phyllis Diller x Cym. Sylvakiss Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Magic Cym. Spicy Khan x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Mirage Cym. Kulnura Zingy x Cym. Barrita Shamrock Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Pastel Cym. Masao Toya x Cym. Sylva Atom Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Peace Cym. Kulnura Alchemy x Cym. Joan’s Charisma Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Pear Cym. Culpaulin x Cym. Golden Fantasy Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Pillar Cym. Barrita Garnet x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Poise Cym. Tony McCartney x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Princess Cym. Kulnura Alchemy x Cym. Kulnura Angel Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Pyromania Cym. Barrita Garnet x Cym. Kulnura Freedom Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Ridge Cym. Khan Flame x Cym. Kulnura Star Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Shamrock Cym. Dorama x Cym. Trinity Hall Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Storm Cym. Kulnura Jewel x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Barrita Valentine Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant x Cym. Barrita Lemonade Barrita (S.Barrie) 

Betty Vance Cym. Anna Szabo x Cym. Globetrotter R.Tucker 

Blazing Flame Cym. Wyong Flame x Cym. Pepper Blaze Carter & Gardiner 


Bone China Cym. Falling Passion x Cym. Minuet A.Easton 

Canned Dolly Cym. canaliculatum x Cym. Dolly Royale Orch. 

Carlos Arango Cym. Joan’s Charisma x Cym. Yellow River A.Easton 

Doctor Seton Cym. Fifi x Cym. ensifolium A.Easton 

Empress Dan Cym. Arkles Bay x Cym. Valley of Death R.Tucker 

Enzan Alex Tiger Cym. Tiger Tail x Cym. Alexanderi Flourish Mukoyama 

Enzan Angelica Cym. Shine Musely x Cym. Lady Fire Mukoyama 

Enzan Beauty Oberon Cym. Sylvan Spring x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama 

Enzan Blue Rain Cym. Shining Fire x Cym. Enzan Summer Rain Mukoyama 

Enzan Breezeway Cym. Lovely Breeze x Cym. Yamanashi Spring Mukoyama 

Enzan Brite Cym. Yamanashi Mood x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama 

Enzan Bronze Tiger Cym. Tiger Tail x Cym. Enzan Rhapsody Mukoyama 

Enzan Cape Cym. Cape Candy x Cym. Insignigrinum Mukoyama 

Enzan Charm Bunny Cym. Eastern Beauty x Cym. Eastern Bunny Mukoyama 

Enzan Church Hill Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama 

Enzan Classic Tears Cym. Enzan Mermaid x Cym. Classic Tyers Mukoyama 

Enzan Daybreak Cym. Lovely Breeze x Cym. Brenda’s Movie Mukoyama 

Enzan Fine Cym. tortisepalum x Cym. Alexanderi Mukoyama 

58


Cymbidium 

Enzan Foot of Mountain Cym. goeringii x Cym. erythrostylum 

Mukoyama 

Enzan Lady Love Cym. Lady Masquerade x Cym. Khai Loving Fantasy Mukoyama 

Enzan Late Spring Cym. Little Ice x Cym. Enzan Spring Mukoyama 

Enzan Lia Cym. tortisepalum x Cym. lowianum Mukoyama 

Enzan Long Tail Cym. Tiger Tail x Cym. Khai Falcon Mukoyama 

Enzan Lovely Breeze Cym. Lovely Song x Cym. Lovely Breeze Mukoyama 

Enzan Lovely Shine Cym. Yamanashi Mood x Cym. Shine Spring Mukoyama 

Enzan Lovely Song Cym. Earlisue x Cym. Khai Loving Fantasy Mukoyama 

Enzan Loving Fantasy Cym. Yamanashi Forest x Cym. Khai Loving Fantasy Mukoyama 

Enzan Method Cym. Shining Rainbow x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama 

Enzan Mol Special Cym. Radiant Oberon x Cym. Shining Fire Mukoyama 

Enzan Moody Guy Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Enzan Santa Mukoyama 

Enzan My Dream Cym. Sylvan Street x Cym. Sylvan Khan Mukoyama 

Enzan New Leaves Cym. Eastern Venus x Cym. goeringii Mukoyama 

Enzan New Odyssey Cym. Enzan Prime x Cym. Odysseus Bay Mukoyama 

Enzan New Utopia Cym. Enzan Utopia x Cym. Lovely Spring Mukoyama 

Enzan Niobean Girl Cym. Niobe Venus x Cym. Lovely Breeze Mukoyama 

Enzan North Devon Cym. Enzan Devon x Cym. Enzan Santa Mukoyama 

Enzan Odyssean Cym. Enzan Lucky x Cym. Odysseus Bay Mukoyama 

Enzan Old Church Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Enzan Mermaid Mukoyama 

Enzan Old Sylvania Cym. Lovely Spring x Cym. Sylvan Spring Mukoyama 

Enzan Orb Hoosailum Cym. Enzan Red Nymph x Cym. Eastern Bunny Mukoyama 

Enzan Orb Rainbow Cym. Santa Rainbow x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama 

Enzan Passion Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Hybrid Ignota Mukoyama 

Enzan Pink Tiger Cym. Tiger Flourish x Cym. Tiger Fire Mukoyama 

Enzan Polar Panch Cym. Santa Valley x Cym. Sylvan Khan Mukoyama 

Enzan Prime Cym. Eastern Prime x Cym. Tiger Fire Mukoyama 

Enzan Prime Place Cym. Enzan Princess x Cym. Eastern Prime Mukoyama 

Enzan Red Nymph Cym. Hoosailum x Cym. Wood Nymph Mukoyama 

Enzan Roaming Cym. x nishiuchianum x Cym. Koushu Delight Mukoyama 

Enzan Strawberry Cym. Radiant Oberon x Cym. Lovely Spring Mukoyama 

Enzan Summer Rain Cym. Golden Star x Cym. Summer Rain Mukoyama 

Enzan Sylvana Cym. Sylvan Spring x Cym. Paros Paradise Mukoyama 

Enzan Tears Cym. Koushu Santa x Cym. Koushu Tyers Mukoyama 

Enzan Tiger Wood Cym. Enzan Bronze Tiger x Cym. Tigri’s Lady Mukoyama 

Enzan Tigereye Cym. Tigri’s Lady x Cym. Tiger Fire Mukoyama 

Enzan Tigerism Cym. Tigri’s Delight x Cym. Eastern Beauty Mukoyama 

Enzan Tinny Bag Cym. Tigri’s Lady x Cym. Eastern Prime Mukoyama 

Enzan Tinny Silver Cym. Tiger Insigne x Cym. Eastern Prime Mukoyama 

Enzan Tinny Wilson Cym. Tigri’s Wilson x Cym. Tigri’s Delight Mukoyama 

Enzan Trabant Cym. Lady Fire x Cym. tracyanum Mukoyama 

Enzan Valley Magic Cym. Koushu Peter Pan x Cym. Magic Valley Mukoyama 

Enzan White Valley Cym. Santa Valley x Cym. Lovely Breeze Mukoyama 

Fatih Ureten Cym. Mighty Tracey x Cym. Topless Karen A.Easton 

Fiery Rosie Cym. Rosanna Shaw x Cym. Yamanashi Fire A.Easton 

Firetail Flame Cym. Alexandra’s Flame x Cym. Red Vampire A.J.Price 

(T.Hughes) 

Flash of Gold Cym. Helen Tangcay x Cym. Jessica Dubroff A.R.Napper 

Flash Pearl Cym. Flash Fire x Cym. Summer Pearl A.Easton 

Frigdaas Tiny Cym. Eastern Bunny x Cym. sinense FRIGDAAS 

Frigdaas Velvet Cym. Frigdaas Jin Dorothy x Cym. aloifolium FRIGDAAS 

Gainsville Glory Cym. Parish Elf x Cym. Swamp Fire A.Easton 

Green Fox Cym. Green Glass x Cym. Foxfire Angel R.Tucker 

Heathcliff Cym. Kate Bush x Cym. Esmeralda Royale Orch. 

(A.Easton) 

Honey Child Cym. Green Zenith x Cym. Boopedoop Royale Orch. 

Kate Bush Cym. Sleeping Beauty x Cym. Sussex Moor Royale Orch. 

(A.Easton) 

59


Cymbidium 

King Khan Cym. Khan Fury x Cym. Flaming Vulcan Carter & Gardiner 


King Tut Cym. Memoria Merv Dunn x Cym. Pharaoh’s Gold Royale Orch. 

Kiwi Trace Cym. Green Fox x Cym. Tracey Reddaway R.Tucker 

Kumano Snow Cym. insigne x Cym. tortisepalum Mukoyama 

Laramie Angel Cym. Kuranulla x Cym. Joan’s Angel T.Poulton 

(Bryants) 

Laramie Beauty Cym. Khan Flame x Cym. Hungarian Beauty T.Poulton 

Laramie Blaze Cym. Hypno Beauty x Cym. Pepper Blaze T.Poulton 

(Bryants) 

Laramie Butter Cym. Lemon Butter x Cym. Laramie Joy T.Poulton 

Laramie Eliza Cym. Ovens Valley x Cym. Merimbula Beach T.Poulton 

(B.Blackley) 

Laramie Szabo Cym. Khan Flame x Cym. Kimberley Szabo T.Poulton 

Laramie Winter Cym. Lemon Butter x Cym. Kimberley Winter T.Poulton 

Peats Ridge Burning Cym. Trinity Gold x Cym. Nancy Montgomery Royale Orch. 

Red Eye Special Cym. parishii x Cym. Tethys Royale Orch. 

(A.Easton) 

Red Rock Cym. James Tee Kirk x Cym. Pebbles A.Easton 

Regent Khan Cym. Valley Regent x Cym. Lancashire Khan A.J.Price (K 

Shake your Booty Cym. Valley Zenith x Cym. Boopedoop Royale Orch. 

(Black) 

South Col Cym. Sir Edmund Hillary x Cym. Winter Wonder R.Tucker 

Teeny Weeny Cym. erythraeum [longifolium hort.] x Cym. devonianum Royale Orch. 

Topless Karen Cym. Top Girl x Cym. Karen A.Easton 

Wily Devon Cym. Wyalong x Cym. devonianum A.Easton 

Cypripedium 

Antonin Binovess Cyp. himalaicum x Cyp. cordigerum H.Pinkepank 

Henri Pinkepank Cyp. Kathleen Anne Green x Cyp. Lothar Pinkepank H.Pinkepank 

Lukas Cyp. parviflorum var pubescens x Cyp. segawai U.von Rad 

Pünktchen und Anton Cyp. wardii x Cyp. reginae H.Pinkepank 

Paphiopedilum 

Alpenflora Paph. armeniacum x Paph. F. C. Puddle Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

April Luck Paph. Ronez Point x Paph. Stone Lovely Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Arabian Moon Paph. Royal Dear x Paph. Via Virgenes A & P Orch. 

Arco Magic Paph. Arco Magic Pulsar x Paph. Hung Sheng Magic Arco Orch. 

Arco Magic Pulsar Paph. Magic Flame x Paph. Pulsar Arco Orch. 

Bajazzo World Paph. Bajazzo x Paph. Junior World Shun Fa Orchids 

Barbara’s Joy Paph. Memoria Barbara Duncan x Paph. President Fred Lehua 

Barbara’s Song Paph. Memoria Barbara Duncan x Paph. Love Song Lehua 

Beau de Beaujolais Paph. Red Wonder x Paph. Winston Churchill A & P Orch. 

Beaver Paph. Lady Luck x Paph. Lippewunder Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Bindiliscious Paph. Cavalese x Paph. Pacific Glen A & P Orch. 

Blushing Lass Paph. Hellas x Paph. Buena Bay A & P Orch. 

Bob’s Bean Paph. Happy Tweed x Paph. Mahaska A & P Orch. 

Calimom Paph. Spring Hills x Paph. Stone Lovely Lehua 

Charmed Paph. Chardmoore x Paph. Anja A & P Orch. 

Charmingly Stoned Paph. Stone Lovely x Paph. In-Charm Topaz Lehua 

Cocoa Olive Paph. Jollix Land x Paph. spicerianum Cocoa 

Cocoa Star Hunting Paph. Yi-Ying Twinkling Stars x Paph. Enzan Red Hunting Cocoa 

Crown of Churchill Paph. Mayhill x Paph. Hama Chilwin A & P Orch. 

60


Paphopedilum (cont.) 

Donvischilum Paph. concolor x Paph. leucochilum S.Donvisitavon 

Ebony Wisp Paph. Massachusetts Valor x Paph. Prime Vintage A & P Orch. 

Emala Pop Paph. Polpier x Paph. Laila Emami A & P Orch. 

Embassy Suite Paph. Memoria Sabrina Mark x Paph. Fort Collins Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Exquisitely Wood Paph. Spots Galore x Paph. Wood Wonder Lehua 

Farafra Horizon Paph. Mustafa’s Frosty Lemon x Paph. Arabian Moon A & P Orch. 

Favorlang Iridescent Clouds Paph. Yi-Ying Colorful Clouds x Paph. Knight’s Niveum Yi-Lung Shen 

Favorlang Pinky Promise Paph. Hama Chilwin x Paph. Knight’s Niveum Yi-Lung Shen 

Favorlang Pioneer Paph. wenshanense x Paph. Yi-Ying Colorful Clouds Yi-Lung Shen 

Favorlang Rose Paph. Hama Chilwin x Paph. wenshanense Yi-Lung Shen 

Fcf’s Ballet Shoes Paph. rhizomatosum x Paph. charlesworthii Yunnan FCF 

Firetrail Paph. Jenna Marie x Paph. Fire Bolt Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Forest Person Paph. Frolic Person x Paph. Olympic Forest T.Sekimura 

Fred’s Fantasy Paph. Friedrich von Hayek x Paph. Luna Magic Lehua 

Frolic Person Paph. World Frolic x Paph. Personality T.Sekimura 

Full Swing Paph. Pulse Gate x Paph. bellatulum Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Georg Mintye Paph. Paeony x Paph. malipoense G.Dankmeyer 

(Orchideen Koch) 

Goodwin Paph. Goodstart x Paph. Winston Churchill A & P Orch. 

Great Adventure Paph. Oil Painting x Paph. Adventure World Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Gunhilt Cramer-Money Paph. lowii x Paph. Pinocchio 

Cramer 

Harlequin Vale Paph. Gigi Moore x Paph. Sylvan Vale A & P Orch. 

Hilda Handayani Paph. Domenica x Paph. micranthum H.Tan (Robertson 

Orch.) 

Ice Belle Paph. Ice Castle x Paph. bellatulum Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Icily Stoned Paph. Icy Icy Wind x Paph. Stone Lovely Lehua 

Island Charm Paph. In-Charm Topaz x Paph. Hsinying Island Lehua 

Jollix Key Paph. Jollix x Paph. Golden Key Shun Fa Orchids 

Judith M. Huner Paph. niveum x Paph. Vanguard M.R.Runyan 

(O/U) 

Krull’s Jerry Vinson Paph. Hsinying Web x Paph. Maruven Krull-Smith 

Leaping Geraldine Paph. Leaping Leopard x Paph. Geraldine Lehua 

Louvre Paph. Oil Painting x Paph. Acclamation Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Lovely Bay Paph. Buena Bay x Paph. In-Charm Lovely R.Vernon 

Macabre Glamor Paph. Macabre Lady x Paph. Spots Galore Lehua 

Macabre in Pink Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Magically Macabre Lehua 

Madelyn Gisele Lee Paph. Gege Hughes x Paph. Double Up B.Mark 

(Orchid Zone) 

Memoria Norma Barton Paph. Taiwan x Paph. Lady Isabel 

61 

L.T.Vickers 

(G.Bell) 

Montclair Veil Paph. Montclair King x Paph. Satin Veil Lehua 

Mood Music Paph. Magic Mood x Paph. Emerald Crown Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Music Paph. Amandahill x Paph. Hamana Anne Yamato-Noen 

(O/U) 

Mustafa’s Allure Paph. Robert’s Red Rover x Paph. Valwin A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Blushtan Paph. Gigi Moore x Paph. Mooncrest A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Earnest Endeavor Paph. Mustafa’s Allure x Paph. Ernest Hetherington A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Flambeau Paph. In-Charm Hamavin x Paph. Luther Pass A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Java Paph. Claro Javier x Paph. Anja A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Plume Paph. Gigi Moore x Paph. Anja A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Sparkles Paph. Massachusetts Valor x Paph. Luther Pass A & P Orch. 

Mustafa’s Web Paph. Mint Chocolate x Paph. rothschildianum A & P Orch.


Paphiopedilum (cont.) 

Nara So Paph. Yuk Rubeshibe x Paph. White Jewel H.Tan 

Night Museum Paph. Mish Sunlight x Paph. Amanda Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Noyo’s Dark Prince Paph. micranthum x Paph. Prince Edward of York K.F.Barrett 

(H.Burkhardt) 

Orange Peel Paph. Lippewunder x Paph. Stone Lovely Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Pacafic Crown 

Paph. Emerald Crown x Paph. Pacific Shamrock Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Peace Sign Paph. F. C. Puddle x Paph. leucochilum A & P Orch. 

Petit Lantern Paph. Akishigure x Paph. helenae Mochizuki Orch. 

Pink Ghost Paph. Magic Pink x Paph. Macbeth’s Ghost Lehua 

Point Well Made Paph. Winston Churchill x Paph. Massachusetts Red A & P Orch. 

Pop Around Paph. Sprinkled Ink x Paph. Round About A & P Orch. 

Presidential Moon Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. President Fred Lehua 

Puli Key Paph. Irish Moss x Paph. Jollix Key Shun Fa Orchids 

Raingreen’s Charm Paph. charlesworthii x Paph. wardii J.Hill (T.Nguyen) 

Raingreen’s Crimson Paph. Incantation x Paph. Magic Cherry J.Hill (T.Umbour) 

Raingreen’s Delight Paph. Double Delight x Paph. Duguesclin J.Hill (T.Umbour) 

Raingreen’s Garnet Paph. Maude Raven x Paph. henryanum J.Hill 

Raingreen’s Ginger Paph. Duguesclin x Paph. Singing Minstrel J.Hill (T.Umbour) 

Raingreen’s Gusto Paph. Incantation x Paph. callosum J.Hill (T.Umbour) 

Raingreen’s Ruddy Paph. Incantation x Paph. Black Buddha J.Hill (T.Umbour) 

Raingreen’s Treasure Paph. sukhakulii x Paph. Concon Bell J.Hill 

Raspberry Rose Paph. delenatii x Paph. Tristar Mabo A & P Orch. 

Red Bar Belle Paph. Hama Chilwin x Paph. Massachusetts Valor A & P Orch. 

Red Feather Paph. Queen of Hearts x Paph. Massachusetts Valor A & P Orch. 

Red October Paph. Countryside x Paph. Ruby Touchstone Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Red Rouge Paph. Red Spring x Paph. California Girl Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Red Wonder Paph. Emala Pop x Paph. Prime Vintage A & P Orch. 

Revelation of Fall Paph. Vlad’s Goblet x Paph. Hama Chilwin A & P Orch. 

Robert’s Red Rover Paph. Carl Keyes x Paph. Via Tierra Linda A & P Orch. 

(R.D.Jones) 

Roundabout Paph. Speckled Dawn x Paph. Bindiliscious A & P Orch. 

Seedigy XOXO Paph. Paris x Paph. William Ambler J.Lawson 

Senne Traumwandler Paph. Hsinying Lightyear x Paph. Ambiente 

62 

A.Richardt 

(Roellke Orch.) 

Shave Ice Paph. Doctor’s Favorite x Paph. Ice Castle Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Shun-Fa Weber Paph. Shin-Yi Weber x Paph. Shin-Yi Remus Shun Fa Orchids 

Shun-Fa World Paph. Bajazzo World x Paph. Junior Exploit Shun Fa Orchids 

Speckled Dawn Paph. Bindiliscious x Paph. Wineva A & P Orch. 

Sprinkled Ink Paph. Winston Churchill x Paph. Hamana Mach A & P Orch. 

Stonehenge Paph. Emerald Lake x Paph. Sorcerer’s Stone Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Summer Moon Paph. Royal Flush x Paph. Dear Irene A & P Orch. 

Sunshade Paph. Emerald Moon x Paph. Sorcerer’s Stone Yamato-Noen 

(H.Sugiyama) 

Tea Party Paph. Parry Gripp x Paph. Acclamation Yamato-Noen 

(F.Sugiyama) 

Tomoaki Kubo Paph. philippinense x Paph. emersonii T.Kubo 

Tomoaki Oyamada Paph. Ookama Spot x Paph. Parry Gripp T.Sekimura 

True Vino Paph. Red Shift x Paph. Mustafa’s Radiant Red A & P Orch. 

Veritas Paph. Sea Cliff x Paph. Althea Lehua 

Vessel of Life Paph. Point Well Made x Paph. Goodstart A & P Orch. 

Vinchilla Paph. Orchilla x Paph. Prime Vintage A & P Orch. 

Vlad’s Goblet Paph. Tree of Beauty x Paph. Valwin A & P Orch.


Paphiopedilum (cont.) 

Voodoo Wonder Paph. Voodoo Magic x Paph. Wood Wonder C.Whitby 

(Tokyo O.N.) 

Wineyes Paph. Mustafa’s Old Noir x Paph. Valwin A & P Orch. 

Winning Twice Paph. Mustafa’s Allure x Paph. Winston Churchill A & P Orch. 

Winston’s Blood Paph. Bloodline x Paph. Winston Churchill Lehua 

Wonderful Moon Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Mr Wonderful Lehua 

World Busby Paph. Busby x Paph. Small World T.Sekimura 

Phragmipedium 

Anthony Omeis Phrag. Spot On x Phrag. Pink Panther Woodstream 

(W.Goldner) 

Asendorf Rose Phrag. Pink Panther x Phrag. fischeri H.Bauch 

Boulder River Phrag. hartwegii x Phrag. Spot On Woodstream 

(W.Goldner) 

Catel de Lecq Phrag. Beaulieu x Phrag. besseae E.Young O.F. 

Cherry Run Phrag. longifolium x Phrag. Imagine Woodstream 

(A.Omeis) 

Elfin’s Freckles Phrag. Sorcerer’s Apprentice x Phrag. Sparkling Chablis J-P.Faust 

Faust’s Elegance Phrag. longifolium x Phrag. andreettae J-P.Faust 

Faust’s Magic Phrag. Wössner Supergrande x Phrag. Michel Tremblay J-P.Faust 

Faust’s Revelation Phrag. Taras x Phrag. humboldtii [warszewiczii] J-P.Faust 

La Rousse Phrag. Beauvoir x Phrag. fischeri E.Young O.F. 

Little Deschutes Phrag. Lynn Evans-Goldner x Phrag. Bullseye Woodstream 

(W.Goldner) 

Merced River Phrag. Fireworks x Phrag. Grande Woodstream 

(W.Goldner) 

Petite Piquere Phrag. Petite Queillette x Phrag. Fremont Point E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine de Grantez Phrag. Vingtaine du Roquier x Phrag. besseae E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine de Leoville Phrag. Peruflora’s Cirila Alca x Phrag. Fremont Point E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine de Vinchelez Phrag. Vingtaine du Roquier x Phrag. Eumelia Arias E.Young O.F. 

Vingtaine du Roquier Phrag. Jersey x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F. 

Donors 

to The CSA 

The CSA Journal 

and The Color Fund 

Thank you to all those who have contributed 

in the fourth quarter of 2016 

Your generous gifts are greatly appreciated. 

Eric Andreasen 

Golden Gate Branch 

in memory of Gina Velardi 

Gold Coast Cymbidium Growers 

In memory of Ernest Hetherington 

63

2016 Cumulative Index 

Volume 16, Issue Numbers 1 though 4 

Article Index 

A 

Ask the Experts .....................No.3 p.6 

............................. No.4 p.13 

C 

Cherry Shower: The Cymbidium with Three 

Names, Cymbidium 

—Weegie Caughlan ............. No.3 p.17 

Cymbidiums, Random Thoughts on Hybridizing 

and Growing 

—Bob Harris ..................No.2 p.19 

Cymbidium Cherry Shower: The Cymbidium 

with Three Names 

—Weegie Caughlan ..............No.3 p.17 

Cymbidium Congress Report, 41st Annual 

−Heidi Kirkpatrick ............No.1, p.20 

Cymbidium Parishii, Regained 

—Emma Menninger ............ No.4 p.30 

CSA Awards .......................No.1 p. 36 

.............................No.4 p.45 

Cumulative Index, 2016 ........... No.4 p.65 

D 

Duffer's Corner: Flower Genes 

—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. ........No.3 p.31 

Duffer's Corner: How to Make More Orchids 

—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. .........No.2 p.27 

Duffer's Corner: The Spike Broke Off 


Duffer's Corner: You can't tell the Players 

Without a Program–Part 1 


F 

Flower Genes, The Duffer's Corner 

—Andy Cameron, Ph.d. . ........No.3 p.31 

G 

Grand Monarch, the Mystery of the 

—Randall Robinson, Ph.D.. . . . . . . No.3 p.20 

Growing Cymbidiums the Barrita Way 

—Scott Barrie .................No.3 p.12 

Growing Cymbidiums, Random Thoughts 

—Bob Harris ...................No.2 p.1 

H 

Hetherington, Ernest, In Memoriam 

—Paul Gripp ....................No.4 p7 

How to Grow the Toyoran Beautifully 

—Dr. Yasushi Hirano ............No.2 p.7 

How to Make More Orchids, The Duffer's 

Corner 


M 

Memoriam, Ernest Hetherington, In 

—Paul Gripp ...................No.4 p.7 

Memoriam, Tony Velardi, In 

—Weegie Caughlan ..............No.1 p.6 

Mystery of the Grand Monarch 

—Randall Robinson, Ph.D.. . . . . . . No.3 p.20 

N 


April –June 2014 ...............No.1 p.39 

July – September 2014 ...........No.2 p.33 

October –December 2014 ........No.2 p.35 

Jan–March 201 ................No.3 p.36 

April–June 2015 ...............No.3 p.40 

July–September 2015 ............No.4 p.54 

October–December 2015 ........No.4 p.59 

O 

Oriental Cymbidiums, Propagation of 

—Holger Perner ................ No.4 p.18 

P 

Paphiopedilum Guild Meeting, 60th 

−Phyllis Prestia, Ed. D. ...........No.1 p.8 


—Emma Menninger ............No.4 p.30 

Parish's Cymbidium, The Rev. 

—Wm. Jeff Trimble ..............No.4 p34 

Phragmipedium kovachii hybrids - Dominance in 

Recessive Genes 

—Jason Fischer ................ No.2 p.17 


—Holger Perner ................ No.4 p.18 

64

R 

Random Thoughts on Hybridizing and Growing 

Cymbidiums 

—Bob Harris ..................No.2 p.19 

Rev. Parish's Cymbidium, The 

—Wm. Jeff Trimble .............No.4 p.34 

S 

Santa Barbara International Orchid Show, 2016, 

Selected Awards 

—Sylvia Darr ..................No.1, p.15 

Selected Awards at the 2016 Santa Barbara 

International Orchid Show 

−Sylvia Darr. .................. No.1 p.15 

Spike Broke Off, The Duffer's Corner 


T 

Toyoran, How to Grow Beatifully 

—Dr. Yasushi Hirano ............No.2 p.7 

V 

Velardi, Tony, In Memoriam 

—Weegie Caughlan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No 1 p.6 

Y 

You Can't Tell the Players Without a Program- 

Part 1 

—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. ........No.4 p.39 

Author Index 

B 

Barrie, Scott 

`Growing Cymbidiums the Barrita Way ...... 

...............................No.3 p.38 

C 

Cameron, Andy Ph.D 

Duffer's Corner: The Spike Broke Off ....... 

.............................No.1 p.33. 

Duffer's Corner: How to Make More Orchids. 

.............................No.2 p.27 

Duffer's Corner: Flower Genes ....No.3 p.31 

Duffer's Corner: You Can't Tell the Players ... 

Without a Program ..................No.4 p.39 

Caughlan, Weegie 

In Memoriam, Tony Velardi . ......No.1 p.6 

Cymbidium Cherry Shower: The Cymbidium 

with Three Names .................. No.3 p.17 

D 

Darr, Sylvia 

Selected Awards at the 2016 Santa Barbara 

International Orchid Show ............No.1 p15 

F 

Fischer, Jason 

Phragmipedium kovachii Hybrids –Dominance 

in Recessive Genes .................. No.2 p.17 

G 

Gripp, Paul 

In Memoriam: Ernest Hetherington . No.4 p.7 

H 

Hirano, Dr. Yasushi 

How to Grow the Toyoran Beautifully ...... 

..............................No.2 p.7 

K 

Kirkpatrick, Heidi 

A Report on the 41st Annual Cymbidium 

Congress ........................ No 1 p 20 

M 

Menninger, Emma 

Parishii Regained ..............No.4 p.30 

P 

Perner, Holger 

Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums ...... 

............................No.4 p18 

Prestia, Phyllis Ed.D. 

60th. Phapiopedilum Guild Meeting ....... 

..............................No.1 p.8 

R 

Robinson, Randall Ph.D. 

The Mystery of the Grand Monarch ...... 

............................No.3 p.20 

T 

Trimble, Wm. Jeff 

The Rev. Parish's Cymbidium ....No.4 p.34 

Color Illustration Index 

Cymbidium 

Cymbidium Alcor 'Sorella' B/CSA .......No.4 p.51 

Cymbidium Alexandra Allen 'Cheeky' ...No.1 p 17 

Cymbidium Alexandra Allen .......... No.1 p.18 

Cymbidium Assassination Tango 'Fires of Spring' .. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.38 

Cymbidium Autumn Crisp 'Geyserland' . No.1 p.18 

Cymbidium Balkis 'Silver Orb' ..........No.4 p.10 

Cymbidium Betty Vance 'Nessie' ........No.4 p.46 

Cymbidium Carol Rogers 'Hatfields' ....No.1 p.36 

Cymbidium Cherry Shower. ............No.3 p.17 

Cymbidium China Cat Sunflower .......No.2 p.20 

Cymbidium Corakiwi 'Avril' B/CSA ......No.4 p.50 

Cymbidium Devon Parish 'Dark Eyes'. . . . . No.4 p.36 

Cymbidium devonium hybrid ............No.4 p.13 

Cymbidium Don's Delight 'Diane' ....... No.1 p.16 

Cymbidium Doris Hirata 'Superstar' ............. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 front cover, No.4 p.50 

Cymbidium Dryad ...................No.4 p.35 

Cymbidium eburneum .................No.3 p.25 

Cymbidium ensifolium .................No.3 p.33 

65

Cymbidium ensifolium 'Noble Lotus' ......No.4 p.25 

Cymbidium Erica Sander ...............No.3 p.23 

Cymbidium Fareguard 'Verde Grande' ....No.1 p.18 

Cymbidium Fifington 'My Van' ..........No.4 p.52 

Cymbidium Fil-American Beauty . . . . . . . . No.3 p.19 

Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny'. . . . . . . . . No.4 p.53 

Cymbidium (Frances Aebi x Yowie Pepper).No.2 p.9 

Cymbidium Galette 'Lemon Meringue' ..No.1 p.36 

Cymbidium Geno's Gem 'Shortstop' ..... No.4 p.52 

Cymbidium Gladys Whitsel 'The Charmer'.No.4 p.36 

Cymbidium goeringii seedling ......No.4 pps.24, 25 

Cymbidium goeringii 'Benimaro' .....No.2 pps 7, 15 

Cymbidium goeringii 'Shinpi' .......... No.2 p.14 

Cymbidium Golden Elf ...............No.2 p.21 

Cymbidium Grand Monarch 'Exquisitum' 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 pps.20, 26, 30 

Cymbidium Hengduan's Isabell .........No.4 p. 27 

Cym. hookerianum, young seedlings in culture ..... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.19 

Cymbidium hookeranium 'Punctatum' .....No.3 p.22 

Cymbidium insigne 'Mem. Blair Miller' S/CSA ... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.2 cover 

Cymbidium Irish Wind 'Yeah Right' .....No.4 p.46 

Cymbidium Isadore Rosenfeld ..........No.2 p.21 

Cymbidium John William Easton 'New Horizon' 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.48 

Cymbidium Johnny Cash 'Rosanne' .....No.1, p.17 

Cymbidium Khan Flame 'Aussie Bronze ..No.3 p.12 

Cymbidium King Arthur ..............No.2 p.22 

Cymbidium (King Arthur x sanderae 'Emma Menninger' 

...........................No.2 p.22 

Cymbidium Kiwi Snow 'Snowball' .......No.4 p.47 

Cymbidium Kulnara Show 'Pure Heaven' ..No.3 p.13 

Cymbidium Kulnara Sparkle ............No.3 p.16 

Cymbidium Kydan's Flame 'Redvale' .....No.4 p.46 

Cymbidium lancifolium, large leaf form ....No.4 p.23 

Cymbidium lancifolium, small leaf form ...No.4 p.22 

Cymbidium Langleyense 'Hatfields' ......No.4 p.53 

Cymbidium leaf with thrip damage .......No.4 p.14 

Cymbidium Leroys Hazel 'Aria' B/CSA . ..No.4 p.45 

Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Hatfields' .....No.4 p.51 

Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Oxnard' ......No.4 p.50 

Cymbidium Lowio-grandiflorum 'Clearview' . ...... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 p.23 

Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Heart of Gold' . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.48 

Cymbidium macrorhizon ...............No.4 p.21 

Cymbidium Mad Cindy 'Hatfields' .......No.4 p.51 

Cymbidium Ming 'Pagoda' ............. No.1 p.16 

Cymbidium Nicole's Valentine 'Chika'. ... No.1 p.17 

Cymbidium Orange Sunrise 'Good Morning' B/CSA. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.45 

Cymbidium parishii ..................No.4 p.30 

Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem Emma Menninger' x 

Aunty Violet) ......................No.4 p.36 

Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem. Emma Menninger' x 

James Toya) .......................No.4 p.37 

Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae .....No.4 33, 34 

Cymbidium (Pink Ice x Regal Ruby) 'Hideko' ..... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.15 

Cymbidium Portuguese Passion ........No2. p.20 

Cymbidium Regent Khan 'Ozelworth' ........... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .No.4 front cover, No.4 p.44 

Cymbidium Rosefieldense ......No.3 pps.24, 26, 30 

Cymbidium Royal Emerald ............No.2, p.23 

Cymbidium Ruby Lips ................No.2 p.20 

Cymbidium sanderae 'Emma Menninger .......... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .No.2 pp. 22, 23 

Cymbidium (sanderae 'Emma Menninger' x Royal 

Emerald) ..........................No.2 p.23 

Cymbidium sinense 'Qui Hei' .......... No.1 p.16 

Cymbidium (Sleeping Nymph x Sleeping Bill Bailey) 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.2 p.20 

Cymbidium Spotted Leopard 'Royale' ... No.1 p.15 

Cymbidium Steve Cantrel 'Courage' ..... No.1 p.15 

Cymbidium Street Hawk ...............No.2 p.2 

Cymbidium Street of Gold ............No.2 p.21 

Cymbidium Sussex Court ..............No.3 p.19 

Cymbidium Sussex Court 'Not Peace' ....No.3 p.18 

Cymbidium Summer Nights ...........No.2 p.22 

Cymbidium tortisepalum album No.4 p.24 

Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum ...... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.26 

Cymbidium (tortisepalum var. longibracteatum x 

wenshanense) .....................No.4 26, 27 

Cymbidium Tower of Fire 'Anya' .......No.4 p.49 

Cymbidium tracyanum 'Atlantis' .........No.3 p.25 

Cymbidium Whitney Houston 'I Will Always Love 

You'. .............................. No.1 p.17 

Cymbidium Whitney Houston ......... No.1 p.18 

Cymbidium Wigianum 'Heaven Scent' ...No.3 p.25 

Cymbidium wenshanense .............No.4 p.26 

Dendrobium 

Dendrobium speciosum 'Equinox'. . . . . . . No.1 p. 19 

Other Genera 

Genoplesium archeri ...................No2 p.28 

Grammatocymbidium Pakkret Adventure . No.4 p.11 

Mystaciudium capense 'Carrie Chu' ..... No.4 p.17 

Ophrys speculum ....................No.2 p.27 

Paphiopedilum 

Paphiopedilum Be Happy 'Dots' x Paph. Pacific Shamrock 

'Sweet Pea' ..................... No.1 p.10 

Paphiopedilum Debbie Robinson 'Keith' .......... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p. 44, back cover 

Paphiopedilum fairrieanum ............. No.1 p.11 

Paphiopedilum gratrixianum 'Violetta' .... No.1 p.13 

Paphiopedilum Hot Stuff 'Sundancer' .... No.4 p.47 

Paphiopedilum insigne .................No.,1 p.12 

Paphiopedilum Lady Isabel 'A-OK' .......No.1 p.38 

Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Goddess' ..... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.49 

66

Paphiopedilum Mable Marie 'Rocky Road'. No.1 p.19 

Paphiopedilum Millenium 'Diablo' x Paph. Rock 'n 

Roll 'Macky' ........................No.1 p10 

Paphiopedilum moquetteanum 'Monsoon Freckles' ... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 back cover, No.4 p.50 

Paphiopedilum Pitch Blend 'Monsoon Perfect Pitch . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.48 

Paphiopedilum Rebecca Sloniker 'Rebecca' ....... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.53 

Paphiopedilum rungsuryianum. .......... No.4 p.11 

Paphiopedilum Spring Wolf 'Jack' B/CSA . No.4 p.48 

Paphiopedilum villosum 'Big Boy' . ........No.1 p.11 

Paphiopedilum violescens 'OZ' ................... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.38, No.2 back cover 

Paphiopedilum Voodoo Eyes 'Monsoon Fire Gem–1' 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.52 

Paphiopedilum Voodoo Wonder 'Shellnick Ruby' .. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.45 

Paphiopedilum Wonder Jack 'Rebecca' ...No.4 p.53 

Phragmipedium 

Phragmipedium besseae ................No.1 p. 9 

Phragmipedium besseae 'Lang Ko' .........No.1 p.7 

Phragmipedium (Fritz Schomburg x Hanne Popow) . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.2 p.18 

Phragmipedium Peruflora's Spirit 'Lady Ann'. ....... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.37 

Phragmipedium Robert-Jan Quene ...... No.2 p.18 

Phragmipedium Robert Jan Quene flavum. No.2 p.17 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Moonsoon Platinum Fall' . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.51 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#1' ..........No.4 p.49 

Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#2' . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.52 

Phragmepedium villosum 'Evan'. ..........No.1 p.11 

Other Photographs 

Cross Section of a Cell Wall ..........No.1 p. 34 

Germination of Cym. goeringii in culture . No.4 p.19 

Germination of Cym. hookerianum in culture ...... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.19 

Misting piping in a shade house ........ No.4 p.16 

Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii under lights ..... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.20, 23 

Micorrhizomes of Cym tortisepalum in culture .... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.23 

Olof Peter Swartz ...................No.4 p.40 

Schematic Diagram of a Cell Wall ......No.1 p.34 

Standard cymbidiums in a greenhouse. .. No.4 p.18 

The Cymbidium Society of America, Inc. 

A 501 (c)(3) Tax Exempt Organization 


OBJECTIVES:To stimulate and extend the appreciation of Cymbidium, 

Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium, and other orchids grown outdoors in 

Southern California and similar climates, and to develop, acquire, 

and disseminate information concerning them and their culture. 

Officers 

Directors-at-Large 

President: Marron Honigman 

Cymbidium Congress: 

Vice President: Phyllis Prestia 

CSA Board of Directors 

Corporate Secretary: Sylvia Darr CSA Journal Editor: Sylvia Darr 

Membership Secretary: Stanley Fuelscher 

Treasurer: Eric Andreasen 

Immediate Past President: Jeff Trimble 

Official CSA correspondence: 

Marron Honigman CSA President 

marron.honigman@gmail.com 

408-807-9124 

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2017 CSA Congress 

Registration Form 

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________________________________________ 

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Email:___________________________________ 

Registration includes: 

5 lectures, continental breakfast, luncheon, and 

Santa Barbara International Orchid Show Gala 

Awards Banquet, auction, and dinner speaker. 

Registration on or before January 30, 2017 

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Reception, Auction, & Banquet only $60 

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Reception, Auction, & Banquet only $60 

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Please make checks payable to “CSA Congress” 

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Send membership to: 

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1. Please send me the CSA Journal for the current year (via Periodicals Class Mail), to my 

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Membership runs from January to January. Back issues are available online to current, 

registered members. Be sure to include your email address with your application, or 

visit the CSA website and subscribe online at www.cymbidium.org

Paph. Debbie Robinson 'Keith' 

(Paph. appletonianum x Paph. wardii 

CSASilver 82 Points 

Waitakere Show, Kelston, New Zealand 

August 29, 2015 

Owner:Lesley Rockell 

Photo courtesy D. Chuah

CSA-Journal-2016-04

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