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Volume 16, Number 4 • December <strong>2016</strong><br />
Official Publication of the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc.<br />
Cym. Regent Khan 'Ozelworth'<br />
In This Issue<br />
In Memoriam Ernest Hetherington<br />
Ask the Experts<br />
Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums<br />
Parishii Regained<br />
Rev. Parish's Cymbidium<br />
Duffer's Corner: You Cant Tell the Players Without a Program- Part 1<br />
<strong>2016</strong> Cumulative Index
Save the Date<br />
42 th Annual<br />
Cymbidium Congress<br />
Saturday, March 18, 2017<br />
Santa Barbara, California<br />
i n t e r n at i o n a l ly known lec t u r e r s<br />
fa m e d cy m b i d i u m co n g r e s s au c t i o n<br />
u n l i m i t e d entry to<br />
s a n ta b a r b a r a internat i o n a l orch i d s h o w<br />
g a l a awa r d s b a n q u e t...a n d more<br />
www.cymbidium.org<br />
www.sborchidshow.com
The Official Publication of the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc.<br />
www.cymbidium.org<br />
Volume 16, Number 4 • <strong>2016</strong><br />
Table of Contents<br />
The Editor's Page ..............................................................4<br />
The President's Page ..........................................................5<br />
Cover Flower ........................................................................3<br />
In Memoriam Ernest Heatherington<br />
By Paul Gripp ....................................................................7<br />
Ask the Experts. ..............................................................13<br />
Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums<br />
By Holger Perner ...............................................................17<br />
Parishii Regained<br />
By Emma Menninger .............................................................30<br />
The Rev. Parish's Cymbidium<br />
By Wm. Jeff Trimble .............................................................34<br />
Duffer's Corner: You can't Tell the Players Without a Program - Part 1<br />
By Andy Cameron ..............................................................39<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Awards, 2015 New Zealand and Santa Barbara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />
New Orchid Hybrids (July to September 2015) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />
New Orchid Hybrids (October to December 2015) .............................59<br />
<strong>2016</strong> Cumulative Index .......................................................65<br />
THE <strong>CSA</strong> JOURNAL (ISSN 1541-5341) is published four times a year by the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc., 5710 Hollister<br />
Ave., #270, Goleta, CA 93117. Annual membership in the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc., which includes a subscription to<br />
the <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong>, is $35.00 a year. Of the $35.00 annual membership dues, $30 covers a year’s subscription to the <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong>.<br />
Single copies are $12 .00. While the <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> strives to present responsibility for transactions between readers and advertisers,<br />
neither the publisher nor the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc., can assume responsibility for transactions between readers and<br />
advertisers. Periodicals postage paid at Santa Barbara, CA 93119 and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address<br />
changes to the <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong>, 5710 Hollister Ave., #270, Goleta, CA 93117.<br />
1
The Official Publication of the Cymbidium Society of America, Inc.<br />
www.cymbidium.org<br />
Volume 16, Number 2 • <strong>2016</strong><br />
Color Illustrations<br />
Cymbidium Alcor 'Sorella' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />
Cymbidium Balkis 'Silver Orb'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />
Cymbidium Betty Vance 'Nessie' S/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />
Cymbidium Corakiwi 'Avril' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />
Cymbidium Devon Parish 'Dark Eyes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />
Cymbidium devonium hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />
Cymbidium Doris Hirata 'Superstar' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />
Cymbidium Dryad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />
Cymbidium ensifolium 'Noble Lotus'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />
Cymbidium Fifington 'My Van' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />
Cymbidium Geno's Gem 'Shortstop' B/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
Cymbidium Gladys Whitsel 'The Charmer' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />
Cymbidium goeringii seedling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25<br />
Cym. hookerianum, young seedlings in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
Cymbidium Hengduan's Isabell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />
Cymbidium Irish Wind 'Yeah Right' B/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />
Cymbidium John William Easton 'New Horizon' S/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
Cymbidium Kiwi Snow 'Snowball' AD/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />
Cymbidium Kydan's Flame 'Redvale' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />
Cymbidium lancifolium, large leaf form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
Cymbidium lancifolium, small leaf form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />
Cymbidium Langleyense 'Hatfields' C/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />
Cymbidium leaf with thrip damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />
Cymbidium Leroys Hazel 'Aria' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />
Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Hatfields' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />
Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Oxnard' B/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50<br />
Cymbidium macrorhizon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21<br />
Cymbidium Mad Cindy 'Hatfields' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />
Editor.......................................................... Sylvia Darr<br />
Editorial Board ..................................Andy Cameron, Kevin Hill,<br />
Ken Jacobsen, Phyllis Prestia<br />
Guest Editor...............................................Heidi Kirkpatrick<br />
Proofreaders.................................. Maggie Madden, Terri Elkin<br />
EDITORIAL SUBMISSIONS<br />
Please submit articles and advertising<br />
materials two months before the<br />
issue date to:<br />
Sylvia Darr<br />
cymbidiumsocietyjournal@gmail.com<br />
2
Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Heart of Gold' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
Cymbidium Orange Sunrise 'Good Morning' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />
Cymbidium parishii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />
Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem Emma Menninger' x Aunty Violet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />
Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem. Emma Menninger' x James Toya) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37<br />
Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34<br />
Cymbidium Regent Khan 'Ozelworth' S/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . front cover, 44<br />
Cymbidium tortisepalum album . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
Cymbidium (tortisepalum var. longibracteatum x wenshanense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27<br />
Cymbidium Tower of Fire 'Anya' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
Cymbidium wenshanense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
Germination of Cym. goeringii in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
Germination of Cym. hookerianum in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
Grammatocymbidium Pakkret Adventure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
Misting piping in a shade house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii under lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 23<br />
Micorrhizomes of Cym tortisepalum in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
Mystaciudium capense 'Carrie Chu' CCE-FCC/AOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />
Olof Peter Swartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40<br />
Paphiopedilum Debbie Robinson 'Keith' S/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, back cover<br />
Paphiopedilum Hot Stuff 'Sundancer' S/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />
Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Goddess' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
Paphiopedilum moquetteanum 'Monsoon Freckles' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />
Paphiopedilum Pitch Blend 'Monsoon Perfect Pitch B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
Paphiopedilum Rebecca Sloniker 'Rebecca' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />
Paphiopedilum rungsuryianum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
Paphiopedilum Spring Wolf 'Jack' B/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
Paphiopedilum Voodoo Eyes 'Monsoon Fire Gem - 1' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
Paphiopedilum Voodoo Wonder 'Shellnick Ruby' B/<strong>CSA</strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />
Paphiopedilum Wonder Jack 'Rebecca' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Moonsoon Platinum Fall' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#1' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#2' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
Standard cymbidiums in a greenhouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />
The Cover Flower<br />
Cymbidium Regent Khan 'Ozelworth''<br />
(Cym. Valley Regent x Cym.Lancashire Khan)<br />
Silver Award --81.7 points<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Show, Western Springs, New Zealand<br />
August 8, 2015,<br />
Owner: Andy & Kannika Price<br />
Photographer: C. Hubbard<br />
3
The Editor's Page<br />
Welcome to the final issue of the<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> for <strong>2016</strong>. This is<br />
a special issue as it announces<br />
the 2017 <strong>CSA</strong> Congress, March 18, 2017.<br />
The President's Page (opposite) discusses<br />
the Congress in detail. Be sure to<br />
register now to get the Early Bird rate.<br />
A registration form is at the back of<br />
this issue, and downloadable from the<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> website. Online registration is also<br />
available at www.cymbidium.org.<br />
As many are aware, the cymbidium<br />
world lost two of the pillars of our<br />
community in the last year, Ernest<br />
Hetherington and Tony Velardi. Ernest<br />
has been celebrated by the <strong>CSA</strong> over<br />
the years; notably the March/April 2008<br />
issue of the <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> was devoted to<br />
honoring him. Dr. Randall Robinson<br />
will continue that celebration by talking<br />
about Ernest's "Challenge to Us All", as<br />
the dinner speaker at the Cymbidium<br />
Congress.<br />
The <strong>CSA</strong> Board recently decided to<br />
honor Tony & Gina Velardi by endowing<br />
an annual lecture at the <strong>CSA</strong> Congress<br />
in their name. The Velardi Memorial<br />
Lecture will be given each year at the<br />
Congress which will honor the many<br />
contributions Tony & Gina made to<br />
cymbidium growing, hybridizing, judging,<br />
education, and to the <strong>CSA</strong> itself.<br />
Anyone wishing to contribute to the<br />
fund in memory of Tony & Gina may do<br />
so by sending your contribution to the<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Treasurer (see more information on<br />
page 6).<br />
It is time once again to renew your<br />
membership for 2017. We talk about<br />
membership renewals a lot in this journal,<br />
because of course, you, our members,<br />
are important to the success of the<br />
<strong>CSA</strong>. I hope that you have noticed the<br />
organization changing and improving<br />
in the last year--certainly the Board<br />
of Directors has been working hard to<br />
make that happen. Please renew your<br />
membership soon, in order to keep the<br />
2017 issues of the journal coming your<br />
way. Better yet, go to www.cymbidium.<br />
org and renew your membership at the<br />
same time as you register for the 2017<br />
Congress!<br />
Once again, thank you for your<br />
comments and suggestions to the editor.<br />
Special thanks to Don Brown, who<br />
suggested that I reach out to Holger Perner<br />
for the article that we are publishing here,<br />
"Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums".<br />
It is an updated version of an article that<br />
Holger previously published in a scholarly<br />
journal. Thank you also to the AOS, and<br />
Ron McHatton, for giving us permission<br />
to republish Emma Menninger's article<br />
"Parishii Regained", and to Wm. Jeff<br />
Trimble who gives us an updated view of<br />
the state of parishii.<br />
Please keep your comments and<br />
suggestions coming, and don't forget to<br />
send in more questions for Ask the<br />
Experts!<br />
Looking forward to seeing you all at<br />
the <strong>CSA</strong> Congress in Santa Barbara!<br />
Sylvia Darr<br />
Editor<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong><br />
cymbidiumsocietyjournal@gmail.com<br />
4
The President's Page<br />
I<br />
am excited to report that our 2017<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Congress planning is well<br />
underway, with the <strong>CSA</strong> Board of<br />
Directors working hard on all the details.<br />
As you might remember, Lucia Brandt<br />
retired from this position last summer and<br />
it has taken an entire Board to fill her<br />
shoes. After many meetings, trips to Santa<br />
Barbara and Pasadena, a myriad of phone<br />
calls and many emails, things are getting<br />
confirmed and finalized. March 17-19<br />
promises to be an amazing weekend as the<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> collaborates with the Santa Barbara<br />
International Orchid Show to showcase<br />
the orchid world. We will be sending out<br />
registration packets and specifics very soon<br />
so start making plans to attend right now!<br />
The 2017 <strong>CSA</strong> Congress will include a<br />
similar format to the one used in past years.<br />
Breakfast, lunch, dinner and admission to<br />
the Santa Barbara International Orchid<br />
Show will be included in your March 18th<br />
registration. Each of you will receive a<br />
packet of Congress specifics and chance<br />
to bid on one of a kind orchids and orchid<br />
related memorabilia at our annual auction.<br />
Breaking news: Carol Helen Brule is<br />
hard at work creating a ceramic something<br />
special for the big event! Start saving your<br />
pennies (OK - dollars).<br />
And now for the news you have all been<br />
waiting for. Our speakers, as of this printing,<br />
include: Randall Robinson, Geoff Bailey,<br />
Tim Culbertson and Kobsukh Kaenratana<br />
with a fifth spot to be announced. Please<br />
take a careful look at the specifics of their<br />
presentations elsewhere in this <strong>Journal</strong>.<br />
This talented line up will also be a part of<br />
a day that will honor both Tony Velardi<br />
and Ernest Hetherington, true icons in the<br />
orchid world. Please use the opportunity<br />
of attending the <strong>CSA</strong> Congress to help us<br />
and their families honor these two giants in<br />
our community.<br />
We have all worked diligently on this<br />
Congress and have listened hard to all your<br />
suggestions and ideas. We are very excited<br />
to be a part of this ground breaking day<br />
and are eager to share the expertise of our<br />
speakers. Of course, the success of a day is<br />
also dependent on YOU. Over the years, I<br />
have heard many reasons for not attending<br />
the Congress: too far to travel, not enough<br />
Cymbidium speakers, not enough Paph<br />
speakers, etc., etc. Where else can you see/<br />
hear such a wide variety of thoughts and<br />
new ideas, honor two of our true heroes,<br />
and be surrounded by the orchid world’s<br />
leaders? Apathy is not an option here. This<br />
is YOUR <strong>CSA</strong> and YOUR CONGRESS.<br />
So no excuses — be there!<br />
Marron S Honigman<br />
President<br />
Cymbidium Society of America<br />
marron.honigman@gmail.com<br />
5
Announcing<br />
The Velardi Memorial Lecture<br />
Photo courtesy Andy Cameron<br />
The <strong>CSA</strong> Board of Directors has created a fund<br />
supporting an annual lecture at the <strong>CSA</strong> Congress<br />
in memory of Tony & Gina Velardi, and their<br />
contributions to the cymbidium world.<br />
Tax-deductable contributions to the endowment<br />
in honor of Tony and Gina Velardi may be sent to:<br />
Eric Andreasen<br />
580 N. Park Avenue<br />
Pomona, CA 91768.<br />
Please write Velardi Fund on you check<br />
6
In Memoriam: Ernest Hetherington<br />
Text and Photos By Paul Gripp<br />
Ernest Hetherington, perhaps the<br />
most influential orchid man of the<br />
last century, died in southern California<br />
this October at the age of 99.<br />
Ernest was the lifelong leader of the<br />
Fred Stewart Orchid Nursery of southern<br />
California which was recognized worldwide.<br />
A boy plant prodigy, Ernest recalled getting<br />
his folks to drive him from Los Angeles<br />
to Santa Barbara in the 1920s to buy two<br />
succulent plants at 50 cents each. He<br />
enjoyed camping, hiking, gardening, sports,<br />
nature, and horticulture. Upon graduation<br />
from high school in 1936, he immediately<br />
went to work for the famous Armacost<br />
and Royston Nursery Company of Sawtelle<br />
(west Los Angeles). At that time Armacost<br />
and Royston was like a school for future<br />
prominent orchidists. In the 1920’s, 1930’s,<br />
and 1940’s under the able leadership of<br />
Walter Armacost, and Ben and Sydney<br />
Bracy, his English supervisors of the orchid<br />
department, a number of young orchidists<br />
were trained, among them Joe Hampton,<br />
Ernest Hetherington, Herb Hager, Harry<br />
Rapella, Jose Vasquez (scion of the Vasquez<br />
family), Bob Norton, William Kirsh, Joe<br />
Ozella, Oscar Kirsch, and Leo and Irene<br />
Holquin.<br />
As with many of his generation, World<br />
War II interrupted Ernest’s life and he<br />
spent the war years in the US Army Airforce<br />
serving in the South Pacific from<br />
New Guinea to the Philippines. In 1945<br />
he returned to Armacost and Royston and<br />
married his cute and talkative sweetheart<br />
Ernest Heatherington in the greenhouse at<br />
Stewarts. Photo reproduced from the library<br />
of Paul Gripp<br />
Elsie Lange. She became his faithful life<br />
companion for nearly 70 years supporting<br />
his orchid passion, the long work hours,<br />
the leadership of multiple orchid societies,<br />
the frequent speaking engagements, and<br />
concomitant travel.<br />
A post-war boom in orchids was developing<br />
in Southern California. The<br />
Cymbidium Society was founded in 1946<br />
and added to the activity by publishing the<br />
“Cymbidium Society News”, a publication<br />
where orchid growers could advertise their<br />
plants to each other. Many garden nurseries,<br />
orchid nurseries, and collectors began<br />
7
The Armacost<br />
& Royston<br />
Letterhead with<br />
a pastoral sketch<br />
of the sprawling<br />
operation.<br />
Document from<br />
P. Gripp's Library<br />
advertising there. A grower named Stewart<br />
posted his first advertisement to sell<br />
plants in December 1946. It is said that<br />
Ernest heard from Joe Hampton that Fred<br />
A. Stewart, an entrepreneur builder with<br />
an expanding private orchid collection, had<br />
purchased the lot next door to his home in<br />
San Gabriel, California to house his orchid<br />
collection. In the frenzy of the boom,<br />
things were happening, and many expanding<br />
hobbies quickly evolved into businesses.<br />
By the next month, the name “Fred<br />
A Stewart” was in an advertisement; Fred<br />
had entered the orchid business. He purchased<br />
a nearby commercial nursery site to<br />
consolidate his new orchid business, making<br />
it the site of Stewart’s Orchids for the<br />
next 50 years. He set about renovating the<br />
establishment, stocking the benches, and<br />
recruiting the staff. It was at this time in<br />
1947 that Ernest Hetherington came over<br />
from Armacost and Royston and joined the<br />
great Frank Fordyce, another war veteran,<br />
also new on the staff at Stewart’s.<br />
The post-war Cymbidium craze in<br />
California continued, and small groups<br />
of people met for dinner before attending<br />
the monthly Cymbidium Society evening<br />
meeting. One of these groups included<br />
Francis Burt Cobb, attorney for Fred Stewart<br />
and long-time orchid hobbyist. Burt<br />
Cobb was often accompanied by his college-age<br />
son Frank Cobb, later founder of<br />
Cobb’s Orchids of Santa Barbara. At that<br />
time Professor Gustav Melquist of UCLA<br />
had just completed work counting chromosome<br />
numbers in orchids (AOS Bulletin,<br />
May 1949). It was recognized that<br />
the great cymbidium parents Alexanderi<br />
‘Westonbirt’, Rosanna ‘Pinkie’, Babylon<br />
‘Castle Hill’, Pauwelsii ‘Compte De Hemptine’,<br />
and others, were in fact tetraploids,<br />
and that new seedlings with these parents<br />
in their background might turn out to produce<br />
superior quality blooms.<br />
Soon after this, Burt Cobb purchased<br />
a cymbidium named Balkis, whose parents,<br />
Alexanderi and Rosana were both<br />
on Melquist’s list of tetraploids. When it<br />
bloomed he took it to a Cymbidum Society<br />
meeting where Ernest Hetherington recog-<br />
Leading the Stewart Dynasty.<br />
L to R: Ernest Heatherington,<br />
Frank Fordyce, and Fred A.<br />
Stewart.<br />
Photo from P. Gripp's Library<br />
8
nized its quality and suggested they make a<br />
cross. Burt consented, and Ernest proceeded<br />
with this outstanding plant, Balkis ‘Silver<br />
Orb’, to make “The Big Four” among<br />
the most famous modern cymbidium crosses<br />
of all time: Lillian Stewart (x Carrisona<br />
‘Glendesary’), Edna Cobb (x Profita ‘Mardi<br />
Gras’), San Francisco (x Blue Smoke ‘Pernod’),<br />
and Great Day (x Swallow), gaining<br />
world recognition for Stewart’s Orchids<br />
and Ernest Hetherington, its leader. He<br />
was awarded the AOS Gold Medal of<br />
Achievement for his lifetime service to the<br />
orchid world in April 1990.<br />
Ernest’s role in the <strong>CSA</strong> was equally<br />
foundational. He was a longtime member<br />
of the Society, and the 12th president. He<br />
promoted the idea of an annual gathering<br />
of cymbidium growers and hobbyists to the<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Board of Directors, and in 1976 he<br />
served as the first Chair of the <strong>CSA</strong> Cymbidium<br />
Congress, a position that he held<br />
for 10 years. He created the format for<br />
the congress that we continue to use today.<br />
And he wrote articles for the various<br />
versions of the Cymbidium Society’s newsletters<br />
and magazines. In 1953 he began<br />
a recurring column entitled “Trends and<br />
Developments in the Cymbidium World”.<br />
This evolved into a semi regular article<br />
called “Grower’s Notebook”. He wrote<br />
tirelessly for <strong>CSA</strong> publications, as well as<br />
the AOS Bulletin and the Orchid Digest,<br />
involving himself in all levels of these organizations.<br />
The <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> of March/<br />
April 2008 (Vol 8, No. 2) was dedicated<br />
to Honoring Ernest, with more than one<br />
author and/or interviewee indicating that<br />
Ernest did more for longer to promote orchids,<br />
orchid education, and orchid cultural<br />
history than anyone else.<br />
While the steps of Ernest’s life progress<br />
were similar to many, his longevity and the<br />
quality and quantity of his work, writings,<br />
accounts, and participation tops most.<br />
Ernest Hetherington was an outstanding<br />
man. He was 100% dedicated to mankind,<br />
Cym. Balkis 'Silver Orb'<br />
photo courtesy Randall Robinson<br />
he served his nation, he served his employer<br />
the Stewart Family, and he served his family.<br />
He fulfilled his own passion by being one of<br />
the greatest students of orchidology of all<br />
time, which he loved completely.<br />
Paul Gripp has been growing orchids for over fifty<br />
years. A <strong>CSA</strong> and AOS judge, he is past owner of the<br />
Santa Barbara Orchid Estate, has an extensive library<br />
of orchid books and prints, and in the Editor’s opinion,<br />
is another of our extraordinary orchidmen.<br />
Randall Robinson<br />
will talk about the<br />
Legacy and Contributions of<br />
Ernest Heatherington<br />
at the<br />
2017 Cymbidium Congress<br />
May 18, 2017<br />
9
The 42nd Annual<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Cymbidium Congress<br />
The Australian Cymbidium<br />
Scene and That Elusive FCC!<br />
Questions From Ernest -<br />
His Challenge to Us All<br />
Cym. Balkis ‘Silver Orb’,<br />
Photo courtey Randall Robinson<br />
The Australian Cymbidium scene:<br />
current state of cymbidium nurseries<br />
and hybridizers, the styles of flowers<br />
they are producing, and the strengths<br />
and shortcomings of the breeding<br />
programs. The Australian club/society<br />
scene: What must clubs do to ensure the<br />
ongoing health of the industry? How do<br />
we engage and maintain the interest of<br />
the younger generation? That elusive<br />
FCC. What is winning in Australia<br />
and a comparison of the judging<br />
guidelines in Australia and the <strong>CSA</strong>.<br />
It all started when Ernest Hetherington<br />
asked a question and proffered a<br />
statement; “How many Cymbidium<br />
species are there? I think there are 13.”<br />
Ernest's challenge to think<br />
more deeply about the genus<br />
Cymbidium sets the challenge to<br />
all lovers of these wonderful plants.<br />
By Randall Robinson<br />
Victoria Universtiy<br />
Australia<br />
Plus one<br />
additional speaker<br />
TBD<br />
By Geoff Bailey<br />
The Australian Cymbidium Scene<br />
Mellbourne, Australia<br />
Geoff Bailey and Cym. lowianum ‘Concolor’<br />
Photo courtesy Geoff Bailey<br />
10
Breeding Heat Tolerant<br />
Cymbidiums in Bangkok<br />
Paph Potpourri:<br />
It Came From The Internet<br />
Paph rungsuryianum<br />
Photo courtesy Tim Culbertson<br />
A tremendous number of discoveries<br />
of new paph species, creations of entire<br />
lines of new paph hybrids, and fantastic<br />
examples and forms of hybrids and<br />
species we know so well have been<br />
made in the last three years or so. Tim<br />
will share with us some of the highlights<br />
of these in a whirlwind tour of new<br />
species, new forms, and advances in<br />
multifloral, complex, Parvisepalum,<br />
and Brachypetalum groups.<br />
By Tim Culbertson<br />
Irvine, California<br />
Kobsukh Kaenratana has a keen<br />
interest in heat tolerant cymbidiums.<br />
He studied what makes cymbidiums<br />
grow and bloom in the tropical climates,<br />
and started that design 17 yrs ago.<br />
Since then he has utilized cymbidium<br />
gene pools from S.E. Asia, combining<br />
them with advanced hybrids from the<br />
US, Australia, and the Netherlands.<br />
He is also a pioneer in developing<br />
and advancing the intergeneric<br />
Grammatocymbidium. With these<br />
special genetics, one can expect several<br />
unique characteristics in his hybrids.<br />
By Kobsukh Kaenratana<br />
Pakkret Floriculture<br />
Bangkok, Thailand<br />
Saturday March 18, 2017<br />
Lectures, Auction, and Banquet<br />
Adams Elementary School Auditorium<br />
2701 Las Positas Road<br />
Santa Barbara, CA 93105<br />
More info and Register at www.cymbidium.org<br />
or by mail with forms at the back of this journal.<br />
Grammatocymbidium Pakkret Adventure<br />
Photo courtesy Kobsukh Kaenratana<br />
11
Annual Orchid Auction<br />
Saturday, February 4, 2017<br />
All Types of Orchids!<br />
Preview at 11 a.m. Auction at 12 noon.<br />
Lake San Marcos - Lake Pavilion Room<br />
1105 La Bonita Drive<br />
San Marcos, CA 92078<br />
Admission is Free - Lots of Free Parking<br />
Directions:<br />
Coming from the South: Take 1-5 North exit Leucadia Blvd. and turn right. Leucadia<br />
Blvd. becomes Olivenhain Rd. which then becomes S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd. Turn<br />
right onto Lake San Marcos Dr. Turn left onto San Marino Dr. Take the 1st right onto<br />
La Bonita Dr. The Lake Pavilion is on the left.<br />
Coming from the North: Take 1-5 South and exit CA-78 E. Take the Rancho Santa<br />
Fe Rd. exit and turn right onto S. Rancho Santa Fe Rd. Turn left onto Lake San<br />
Marcos Dr. Turn left onto San Marino Dr. Take the 1st right onto La Bonita Dr. The<br />
Lake Pavilion is on the left.<br />
For more info contact: Ivan Allen 760.533.4975<br />
Sponsored by the San Diego County Cymbidium Society<br />
Monthly meetings (except July and August) on the 3 rd<br />
Wednesday at the San Marcos Lake Pavilion, 6:30 p.m.<br />
12
Ask the Experts<br />
A new question and answer section in the <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong>. Ask us any questions you may have<br />
about cymbidiums, paphiopedilums, phragmipediums or any other cool-growing orchids. We<br />
will answer your questions in the next issue of the <strong>Journal</strong>.<br />
Submit your questions by email to cymbidiumsocietyjournal@gmail.com<br />
Why do the leaves of my hybrid<br />
cymbidiums with Cym. devonianum in<br />
the background quickly turn brown at<br />
the tip? Hybrids of other species get the<br />
same regimen and remain green.<br />
Fig. 1 Cym. devonianum hybrid with brown<br />
leaf tips.<br />
Answer: Cymbidium devonianum and its hybrids<br />
are extremely sensitive to water quality.<br />
If the water you’re giving your plants<br />
has more than about 20 parts per million of<br />
dissolved, solids, then it’s possible that the<br />
leaves will turn brown at the tips. This is<br />
especially true if the dissolved solids have a<br />
significant amount of sodium.<br />
There are several ways this can be<br />
improved. There is a varying tolerance to<br />
total dissolved solids from plant to plant,<br />
so when purchasing plants from among a<br />
large selection of Cymbidium devonianum<br />
plants, look for the one with little or no<br />
browning of the leaf tips. Also, for any<br />
given plant, this can be reduced over time<br />
by using higher quality water. Rain water<br />
could be saved and used for these sensitive<br />
plants, or if one has a reverse osmosis<br />
system for drinking water, that water could<br />
also be used for these plants. These plants<br />
should also be given less fertilizer than<br />
plants that have no tendency to leaf tip<br />
browning.<br />
13
What nutrient actions can I take to<br />
improve blooming, like watering schedule<br />
or nutrient levels, and when should I<br />
take these actions?<br />
Answer: The most important thing to do<br />
to improve blooming of healthy plants, is<br />
to ensure that they receive sufficient light,<br />
especially in spring through early summer.<br />
Remember, sunshine is the greatest and<br />
most consistent nutrient source for your<br />
plants. For sunshine to be used effectively,<br />
plants need to have plenty of water, and<br />
of course the other nutrients you probably<br />
were thinking about when you asked your<br />
question.<br />
For mature plants with a good root<br />
system, they probably need to be given water<br />
every three to seven days from spring<br />
through summer, depending on weather<br />
conditions. During that time, it’s best to<br />
apply a good balanced fertilizer every three<br />
out of four waterings at about half the<br />
strength recommended by the manufacturer.<br />
About once a month in spring it can<br />
be useful to apply Epsom salts (magnesium<br />
sulphate), and an occasional application of<br />
calcium nitrate can also benefit plants.<br />
There have been many, many suggestions<br />
from ‘knowledgeable’ orchidists that<br />
changing fertilizers, shocking the plants,<br />
applying special chemicals, and a host of<br />
other suggestions, will improve blooming.<br />
While some of these may be true, all supporting<br />
evidence is anecdotal. I’ve never<br />
seen a rigorous scientific trial of identical<br />
blooming size plants under different fertilization<br />
regimens published for cymbidiums.<br />
If you give your plants enough light to keep<br />
the leaves to the yellow side of green, keep<br />
them well watered, and keep up a good fertilization<br />
routine, your plants should bloom<br />
well.<br />
There are numerous small spots on the<br />
leaves of one of my cymbidiums. They<br />
appear thinner than the rest of the leaf<br />
Fig. 2 Translucent spots on a cymbidium leaf<br />
because more light shines through these<br />
spots. I don’t see any insects. Can the<br />
source be identified?<br />
Answer: One very valuable tool when<br />
looking for possible insect pests, is a very<br />
strong magnifying glass, or preferably, a<br />
jeweler’s loupe. A jeweler’s loupe isn’t<br />
expensive. Serviceable loupes can be found<br />
for about $10, and they will provide a 10X<br />
magnification of whatever is being viewed.<br />
At higher magnification, it can be quite<br />
surprising what one will see on the leaves or<br />
flowers of a plant. Thrips are barely visible<br />
with the naked eye, and are easily seen and<br />
identified under a loupe. Red spider mite<br />
is not naked eye visible, but again, under<br />
a loupe is easily found and recognized.<br />
Details of the damage on leaves can also<br />
point to a particular pest that may not be<br />
present at the time of viewing.<br />
Circular damage as shown in the<br />
photograph (Fig. 2) is caused by some sort<br />
of sucking insect. The two most common<br />
insects that cause this type of damage<br />
14
on cymbidiums are boisduval scale, and<br />
thrips. Usually for scale, it’s very easy to<br />
see the scale itself, but if the scale is very,<br />
very young, it may only show as a tiny<br />
white spot at the center of the damage.<br />
There is no such spot at the center of the<br />
damaged areas on these leaves, so the<br />
damage was most likely caused by thrips.<br />
Determining what is causing the damage<br />
also helps determine treatment. For<br />
example, if the damage had been cause by<br />
red spider mites, applying an insecticide<br />
would be of almost no benefit, as mites<br />
aren’t insects. A miticide would be far<br />
more useful, although other treatments<br />
also exist.<br />
I want to move cymbidiums in bud to a<br />
more protected place so the flowers will<br />
be less damaged by weather. How do I<br />
keep the flower stalks from bending unnaturally?<br />
Answer: Even if a plant is left in the same<br />
place throughout an entire spiking season,<br />
sometimes there will be unsightly bends in<br />
the inflorescence. Some of the propensity<br />
of a plant to bend unnaturally is genetic,<br />
and some is environmental. In general,<br />
plants with thinner, weaker spikes are<br />
more subject to bending unnaturally from<br />
a change in conditions than those with robust<br />
spikes.<br />
Bending of the spike most often occurs<br />
because the light incident on the spike has<br />
changed, specifically, it has changed direction.<br />
As a weaker spike is growing and is<br />
still partly protected by the leaves, it may<br />
grow relatively straight, but once it clears<br />
the foliage, the directionality of the light<br />
will be much stronger, and the spike will often<br />
bend toward the light, even if the plant<br />
hasn’t been moved. This can be exacerbated<br />
when the plant is moved to lower light<br />
conditions.<br />
Several things can be done to try to alleviate<br />
this behavior. First, try to move the<br />
plant to the lower light condition before the<br />
spike has cleared the foliage. If possible,<br />
uniform light from all directions should be<br />
given the plant, but as this is impractical,<br />
try to orient the plant so the direction of<br />
the strongest light is similar to what it was<br />
before the plant was moved. Some plants<br />
will respond well to rotating the plant by<br />
90 degrees every couple days, while others<br />
may develop a corkscrew appearance in<br />
the spike; this can only be determined by<br />
trial and error with each plant, but should<br />
be somewhat consistent from year to year.<br />
Lastly, aggressive staking can help keep the<br />
spike relatively straight, especially if used<br />
in conjunction with a Ni-Co-Roll or other<br />
device that applies tension to the spike.<br />
This is most easily done by putting a four<br />
foot bamboo stake next to the spike, attaching<br />
the tensioning device to the end of<br />
the stake, and then putting the hook of the<br />
tensioning device on the terminal bud of<br />
the inflorescences. The Ni-Co-Roll should<br />
be removed, the stake trimmed, and normal<br />
ties applied to the spike for display.<br />
Always be careful when trying to manipulate<br />
spike habit, as if this is attempted<br />
when the spike is cold, a broken spike is often<br />
the result.<br />
Southern California is very dry in the<br />
summer months. I’ve tried misting my<br />
plants with a patio misting fan but the<br />
leaves get almost encrusted with water<br />
solids. Will these hurt the plants?<br />
Deposits on the leaves of your<br />
cymbidiums can be very unsightly, and can<br />
be very hard to remove when you want to<br />
display your plants. The good news is that<br />
this is almost always not a problem for your<br />
plants. Yes, it will reduce the amount of<br />
light actually reaching the leaves, and thus<br />
will reduce the overall energy the plant<br />
receives from sunlight. Of course, if the<br />
deposits are an indication of the amount of<br />
dissolved solids in your local water supply, I<br />
15
would be more concerned about the effect<br />
of this water when you’re watering and<br />
fertilizing your plants.<br />
If everything else is fine with your<br />
plants and you’re simply trying to increase<br />
the humidity in the growing area without<br />
getting deposits on the leaves, this can<br />
easily be solved by installing a misting line<br />
under the growing bench or at the top of<br />
the growing bench. The misting heads can<br />
be oriented in almost any direction and will<br />
still provide the needed humidity without<br />
actually getting water on the leaves.<br />
Inexpensive misting lines can be bought<br />
from a variety of locations on line, and if<br />
combined with a simple humidistat and<br />
a solenoid can easily be automated. The<br />
heads on most of these misting lines emit<br />
a very fine mist that shouldn’t actually wet<br />
the surface of leaves, unlike the heavy mist<br />
often produced by misting fans. Misting<br />
heads on misting lines like those shown in<br />
photo (Fig. 3) will need occasional cleaning<br />
to remove deposits from the solids in your<br />
water, but are otherwise simple to maintain.<br />
They are easiest to maintain if the misting<br />
heads are brass.<br />
Fig. 3 Misting lines<br />
shown attached to<br />
the top of a shade<br />
house.<br />
16
72 nd Santa Barbara<br />
International Orchid Show<br />
Mystacidium capense ‘Carrie Chu’ CCE-FCC/AOS<br />
SBOrchidShow.com • @SBOrchidShow • #SBOrchidShow<br />
Orchid Mystique<br />
Friday March 17 - Sunday March 19, 2017<br />
9 am - 5 pm<br />
Earl Warren Showgrounds • Santa Barbara, California<br />
General admission - $14 • 3-day pass - $22<br />
Seniors, students with ID, & advance group sales - $12<br />
Kids 12 & younger with paid adult - FREE<br />
17
Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums<br />
Text and Photos By Holger Perner<br />
Abstract: Terrestrial Cymbidium species of the subgenus Jensoa develop mycorrhizomes<br />
that do not develop shoots in vitro for a long time. Some remarks on the in vitro development,<br />
sowing techniques and germination morphology are given.<br />
In 2002 my wife Wenqing and I founded an<br />
orchid laboratory in Chengdu, Sichuan<br />
province, China, to develop mass-propagation<br />
methods for native Chinese orchids,<br />
namely temperate slipper orchids of the genus<br />
Cypripedium. These are a main asset<br />
of the Huanglong National Park, where we<br />
work for the administration, and where under<br />
our guidance a nursery was established<br />
that raises the seedlings we produce in the<br />
laboratory in Chengdu. Another focus<br />
of the lab is on the propagation of native<br />
tropical slipper orchids from seed, namely<br />
the genus Paphiopedilum. The seedlings<br />
produced in the lab are grown on in the<br />
Chengdu-based nursery of Hengduan<br />
Mountains Biotechnology, a company we<br />
established with the lab. The goal is to market<br />
the orchids raised from<br />
seed on the domestic and international<br />
markets. Though<br />
a self-sustaining commercial<br />
enterprise, Hengduan Biotech<br />
contributes considerably<br />
to the ex-situ conservation<br />
of native Chinese<br />
orchids because it provides<br />
a legal source of truly artificially<br />
produced orchids that<br />
alleviates the considerable<br />
pressure on the wild populations<br />
of orchids in non-protected areas in<br />
China, where these plants are still collected<br />
in quantities and smuggled out of the country<br />
to be distributed worldwide. The work<br />
of Hengduan Biotech is approved by the<br />
Chinese authorities. With the proper paperwork<br />
(CITES export permits for appendix<br />
I and II species, phytosanitary certificates,<br />
and customs registrations) we have<br />
exported flasks since 2009 and artificially<br />
produced orchid plants from just deflasked<br />
to flowering size since 2010. We focus not<br />
only on slipper orchids but on a wide range<br />
of native species, of which China has over<br />
1300. This includes the Chinese or Oriental<br />
Cymbidium species. In the following I<br />
will share some observations I made during<br />
our work with cymbidiums.<br />
Fig. 1 Breeding lines of standard cymbidium hybrids in Japan.<br />
photo by K. Karasawa<br />
18
The large-flowered standard cymbidium<br />
hybrids are worldwide propagated from<br />
seed and from tissue culture by the millions<br />
every year (Fig. 1). Of the 11 sections<br />
(DU PUY & CRIBB, 2007) in the genus<br />
Cymbidium SW., species of section Cyperorchis<br />
(BLUME) P.F. HUNT, form the main<br />
breeding stock (e.g. C. lowianum (RCHB.F.)<br />
RCHB. F., 1879, C. insigne ROLFE, 19<strong>04</strong>,<br />
and C. eburneum LINDLEY, 1847) along<br />
with species of section Floribundum SETH<br />
& CRIBB (e.g. C. floribundum LINDLEY,<br />
1833, syn. C. pumilum ROLFE, 1907). Out<br />
of this stock an impressive number of horticultural<br />
hybrids has been produced during<br />
the last 100 years or so. However, even<br />
though the so-called oriental cymbidiums,<br />
i. e. species of the section Jensoa (RAF.)<br />
SCHLECHTER, have been cultivated in<br />
the East for more than 2000 years, they<br />
have never contributed much to the breeding<br />
programs in the West. The only exception<br />
is Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) SW. 1799,<br />
which is a parent of important miniature<br />
cymbidiums like Cym. Peter Pan (Cym.<br />
ensifolium x Miretta), created at Dos Pueblos<br />
Orchid Company, Goleta, in 1957, and<br />
Cym. Golden Elf (Cym. ensifolium x Enid<br />
Haupt), created by Paul Gripp and registered<br />
by the Rod McLellan Co. in 1978.<br />
In the East oriental cymbidiums were<br />
usually collected in the wild and propagated<br />
by division. Only during the last decades<br />
have they been included in micropropagation<br />
routines in Japan, Korea and China.<br />
Thus, not much is known in the West<br />
about their germination and early growth<br />
characteristics.<br />
Germination of species of the subgenera<br />
Cyperorchis and Floribundum does not<br />
differ much from that of other epiphytic<br />
subtropical to tropical orchid genera but<br />
the species of section Jensoa germinate<br />
slower and weaker on conventional media.<br />
Figure 2 shows Cymbidium goeringii (RCHB.<br />
F.) RCHB. F., 1852, (section Jensoa) germination<br />
of less than 50 % from half ripe<br />
Fig. 2 Germination of Cym. goeringii on MSO<br />
1c medium 6 months after sowing.<br />
Fig. 3 Germination of Cym. hookerianum on<br />
MSO 1c medium 4 weeks after sowing.<br />
Fig. 4 Young seedlings of Cym. hookerianum<br />
replated on MSO 1c medium 6 months after<br />
sowing.<br />
seed out of a green capsule, 6 months after<br />
sowing on MSO 1c medium. In contrast<br />
Figure 3 shows Cym. hookerianum RCHB.<br />
F., 1866, (subgenus Cyperorchis) germinating<br />
to nearly 100 % on the same medium<br />
4 weeks after sowing of half ripe seed, also<br />
from a green capsule. The protocorms have<br />
just developed and will turn green soon.<br />
Both sowings were kept under fluorescent<br />
19
lights (10 h/d) at around 20 °C. The protocorms<br />
of Cym. hookerianum develop a shoot<br />
tip and roots, and by six months have been<br />
reflasked on similar medium (Figure 4).<br />
Reflasking is also necessary for Cym.<br />
goeringii which need a much longer development<br />
time in the flasks. But with<br />
them there is no sign of shoots or roots.<br />
Instead an elongated rhizome with knobs<br />
and hairy tufts has formed and looks not<br />
unlike a green caterpillar (Figure 5). This<br />
is a mycorrhizome, a structure of variable<br />
morphology produced by several mycoheterotrophic<br />
plant groups including ferns<br />
(their mycorrhizomes are already known<br />
from fossils from the Carboniferous Era),<br />
Gentianaceae, Ericaceae (subfam. Pyroloideae)<br />
and Orchidaceae. Hans BURGEFF<br />
(1932) has extensively worked on orchids<br />
with such structures, though he mentions<br />
the term mycorrhizome only briefly; cymbidiums<br />
were not treated by him. In orchids<br />
the term was long used as a substitute for<br />
protocorm. The term protocorm for the<br />
germination body (in German ‘Keimachse’<br />
or the later term ‘Keimkörper’ in the papers<br />
of Otto MÖLLER) of orchids was<br />
introduced by the French botanist Noel<br />
BERNARD (1899) in analogy to the mycotrophic<br />
prothallium of horsetail ferns<br />
(Equisetaceae) and club mosses (Lycopodiaceae)<br />
for which according to ARDITTI<br />
and KRIKORIAN (1996) and CHANG et<br />
al (2005) the term protocorm was coined<br />
Fig. 5 Mycorrhizome of Cym. goeringii on<br />
MSO 1c medium 1 year after sowing.<br />
by the Dutch botanist Melchior TREUB in<br />
1890.<br />
The term protocorm is based on the<br />
Latin pro, meaning before, and the classic<br />
Greek term ‘kormos’, meaning ‘tree<br />
trunk’ or in general botanic terms stem<br />
axis or caulom, so protocorm designates<br />
the structure that comes before the stem,<br />
or, in case of many orchids, rhizome. The<br />
rhizome is a creeping, i.e. horizontal stem,<br />
not a root structure! As the body which<br />
is formed right after the germination of<br />
the orchid seed, it anatomically does not<br />
conform with a rhizome but, as LUCKE<br />
(2003) has shown, is dominated by a derived<br />
cotyledon, it is most appropriate to<br />
call it protocorm, i.e. ‘the body that comes<br />
before the stem’. The term is fully and long<br />
established internationally in scientific and<br />
horticultural circles, and for good reason<br />
so. In most orchids the first root and shoot<br />
with leaf initials will soon develop from the<br />
protocorm’s meristematic part (or better<br />
the totipotent cell region of the protocorm,<br />
because the term meristem is restricted to<br />
totipotent cells of stems and roots which<br />
are both not developed yet). At this point,<br />
the structure can be called a young seedling.<br />
In several terrestrial orchids, however,<br />
whether they are temperate or tropical, a<br />
more or less long prostrate stem (i.e. rhizome)<br />
without functional roots and no<br />
leaves grows from the protocorm instead.<br />
The rhizome is usually closely connected to<br />
a mycorrhizal fungus and thus the term mycorrhizome<br />
is derived, though in the past<br />
it was used interchangeably with the term<br />
protocorm, e.g. by ZIEGENSPECK (1936).<br />
Hanne RASSMUSSEN (1995) defines the<br />
term mycorrhizome as the transitional rhizoferous<br />
structure found in orchids, deriving<br />
from the protocorm and changing to a<br />
mature rhizome in further ontogenesis (i.e.<br />
the individual life history) of the plant.<br />
Through the mycorrhizome young orchids<br />
of several terrestrial genera can live<br />
below ground for a long time, even for<br />
20
years. During this time they are fully heterotrophic<br />
and live from the mycorrhizal<br />
fungus. Recently the term mycoparasitism<br />
appears in the literature for this situation,<br />
which is more commonly known as mycotrophy<br />
and was in the past wrongly defined<br />
as saprophytism. The exploitation of the<br />
fungus through the orchid works so well<br />
that sometimes the switch to autotrophy,<br />
i.e. the development of green leaves above<br />
ground, is fully omitted by certain species.<br />
Previously ZIEGENSPECK (1936) mentioned<br />
that neoteny is occurring in leafless<br />
terrestrial orchids, i.e. their morphology remains<br />
at an early juvenile stage, the mycorrhizome,<br />
but they form flowers and reproduce<br />
sexually. BURGEFF (1932) gave an<br />
early broad overview of those orchids that<br />
are fully mycotrophic and those, that are<br />
in-between, i.e. orchids that form extensive<br />
mycorrhizomes without long roots but also<br />
green leafed stems above ground.<br />
After this digression into the dry field<br />
of physio-morphological orchidology let us<br />
come back to the cymbidiums. Here we find<br />
a broad range of germination and development<br />
phenomena. As hinted earlier on,<br />
the large-flowered subtropical to tropical<br />
species (e.g. sections Cyperorchis and Floribundum)<br />
usually develop no mycorrhizomes<br />
or briefly show just very short ones<br />
that quickly grow roots and leaves. Only<br />
when the protocorms or short mycorrhizomes<br />
of these species are kept constantly<br />
in the dark they will grow into large mycorrhizomes<br />
over time. All species of section<br />
Jensoa, however, of which the germination<br />
is known, always developed rather longlasting<br />
mycorrhizomes, whether kept in<br />
light or in the dark. One very rare species<br />
in cultivation, Cym. macrorhizon LINDLEY,<br />
1833, (Figure 6) is obligate mycotrophic<br />
and retains an elongated mycorrhizome<br />
for its entire life, never developing leafed<br />
shoots. It has a wide distribution from Pakistan<br />
in the west to Japan in the east and<br />
lives underground in temperate to warm-<br />
Fig. 6 Cym. macrorhizon cultivated in Japan.<br />
Photo by K. Karasawa<br />
temperate or subtropical forests. Only during<br />
flowering and fructification is its presence<br />
noticeable. This species has flowers<br />
very similar to the wide-leafed Cym. lancifolium<br />
HOOKER, 1823. It is interesting<br />
to note that there are intermediate forms<br />
with mycorrhizomes and leaves in varying<br />
degrees, these are Cym. caulescens RIDLEY,<br />
1915, and Cym. rhizomatosum Z.J. LIU et<br />
S.C. CHEN, 2002, the latter likely a synonym<br />
of the former. Cym. lancifolium also<br />
shows a wide range of leaf development but<br />
lacks a mycorrhizome in the adult stage,<br />
as I can observe in plants we cultivate at<br />
Hengduan Biotech (Figures 7 and 8).<br />
Cym. goeringii and its close relative<br />
Cym. tortisepalum FUKUYAMA, 1934, (often<br />
treated as a synonym of the former but<br />
clearly a distinct species) were sown by me<br />
several times since 2002, and other species<br />
like Cym. faberi and Cym. ensifolium as well.<br />
The mycorrhizomes proliferate vigorously<br />
(Figure 9) and can be easily separated into<br />
many pieces, thus providing an easy means<br />
21
Fig. 7 Small-leafed form of Cym. lancifolium at<br />
Hengduan Biotech<br />
Fig. 8 (below) Large-leafed form of Cym.<br />
lancifolium at Hengduan Biotech<br />
of vegetative propagation in vitro. But<br />
they do not produce shoots on normal<br />
medium. One way to initialize shoots is<br />
to reflask on medium with plant growth<br />
regulators (PGRs). Another, more natural<br />
but less effective way is to increase<br />
the volume of the (PGR-free) medium in<br />
the flask. The tips of the mycorrhizomes<br />
tend to grow into the medium down to<br />
the bottom of the flask. If the medium<br />
is deep enough (at least 1.5-2 cm) part<br />
of the rhizome tips develop shoots when<br />
they are old enough, and the leaves grow<br />
out of the medium.<br />
It is important to understand that<br />
in nature Jensoa cymbidiums depend<br />
very much on the fungus for the first<br />
stages of development, more so than<br />
any other cymbidium group. Like most<br />
terrestrial orchids the protocorms and<br />
mycorrhizomes need constant darkness<br />
and for best performance shouldn’t be<br />
illuminated at all before shoots are initialized.<br />
They also require specially designed<br />
media that differ from those for<br />
epiphytic as well as for other terrestrial<br />
orchids like Cypripedium. The method<br />
22
Fig. 9. Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii<br />
under lights. Micorrhizomes are ready to<br />
be separated and transferred to shoot<br />
initialization medium<br />
Tahara as well, who beside working with<br />
calanthe and other orchids did extensive<br />
breeding of Jensoa Cymbidiums in Japan<br />
(TAHARA 2001). By visiting a specialized<br />
laboratory for Oriental cymbidiums<br />
in Chengdu, run by Weihong Guo, I saw<br />
that germination and mycorrhizome development<br />
of these cymbidiums was done in<br />
constant darkness. Proprietary media with<br />
special mixes of plant growth regulators<br />
are used by Guo. His plants produce stout<br />
mycorrhizomes (Figures 11 and 12) which<br />
develop strong shoots in vitro, and once<br />
deflasked the first plants start to flower after<br />
two years.<br />
When in 2009 a Chinese customer<br />
asked us to produce a larger number of<br />
Cym. goeringii and Cym. faberi from selected<br />
hand pollinated clones, I had to develop<br />
our own method. Between several media<br />
tested for germination of unripe seeds by far<br />
the best was a Vacin & Went (V&W) modification<br />
developed by Tahara for shoot ini-<br />
Fig. 10 Sprouting mycorrhizomes of Cym<br />
tortisepalum on H3P2 shoot initialization<br />
medium<br />
I used in the beginning was the longestablished<br />
standard multipurpose media<br />
for tropical orchids (MSO 1c, which is ½<br />
strength Murashige & Skoog, and similar<br />
in composition to Phytamax®; the<br />
Japanese H3P2, which is 3 g/l Hyponex®<br />
‘All-Purpose Plant Food’ 6.5-6-19 with 2<br />
g/l peptone, 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/l agar<br />
respectively 2.5 g/l gellanum gum; V&W<br />
with 40 mg/l FeNa-EDTA, 50-100 g/l potato,<br />
trace elements, vitamins, as well as<br />
sugar and gelling agent like in H3P2, and<br />
MSO 2b for final replating, which is similar<br />
to Phytamax® with banana) and daily<br />
illumination of 10 hours or more resulted<br />
in only a limited number of leafed seedlings.<br />
The method is described like this in<br />
literature and I learned it from Mochimu<br />
Fig. 11 Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii in<br />
dark culture<br />
Fig. 12 Mycorrhizome of Cym goeringii in<br />
dark culture<br />
23
Fig. 13 Seedling of Cym. goeringii 1 year after<br />
deflasking<br />
Fig. 14 Album form of Cym. tortisepalum in<br />
flower.<br />
tiation in Jensoa cymbidium tissue culture.<br />
It consists of V&W salts, 3 g/l peptone,<br />
micro elements and vitamins as for MS media,<br />
25 g/l sucrose, 2 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine<br />
(BAP), and 0.2 mg/l 1-Naphtaleneacetic<br />
acid (NAA). The best replating<br />
medium that leads to good mycorrhizome<br />
development is a modified Knudson-C (i.e.<br />
with 1.5 g/l peptone, 25 g/l banana, 50 g/l<br />
potato, 10 g/l maltodextrin, no PGR’s, 2 g/l<br />
activated charcoal, 15 g/l sucrose). Sowing<br />
and first replating happen in constant<br />
darkness at 20 °C. When sufficient bundles<br />
of mycorrhizomes are developed they can<br />
be separated, placed on the shoot initiation<br />
medium, and placed under 12 hours light<br />
at 25 °C. The best medium for us proved to<br />
be a modified Hyponex medium (2 g/l Hyponex,<br />
3 g/l peptone, 250 mg/l Ca(NO3)2<br />
x 4 H2O, 10 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA, 150<br />
ml/l coconut water, MS vitamins, 30 g/l sucrose).<br />
With the aid of the 10 mg/l BAP<br />
and 1 mg/l NAA most mycorrhizomes produce<br />
shoots. On a Knudson-C modifica-<br />
Fig. 15 Seedlings of Cym. tortisepalum album from<br />
Figure 14 about 2 years after deflasking.<br />
24
Fig. 16 Cym. ensifolium 'Noble Lotus' strain<br />
tion with similar high PGR concentrations<br />
many shoots and mycorrhizomes died off.<br />
When the leaves had reached the top of<br />
the flasks with the Hyponex medium we<br />
deflask the plants without an additional<br />
stage on a root developing medium. Roots<br />
were soon developed in the seedling pots<br />
under regular greenhouse conditions. The<br />
first flowers showed 9 years after sowing<br />
and 4 years after deflasking, which is<br />
an extraordinarily long time in the lab.<br />
Further research would be necessary to<br />
approach the results Weihong Guo is<br />
performing.<br />
C. Chang et al. (2005) mention<br />
the slow in vitro development (1-2 years<br />
before shoots initialize) of the terrestrial<br />
Jensoa cymbidiums in comparison to<br />
epiphytic cymbidiums, a fact I confirm<br />
from our lab. CHANG et al. demonstrate<br />
the typical development of an<br />
epiphytic cymbidium with Cym. dayanum<br />
RCHB.F.,1869. It is similar to Cym.<br />
hookerianum and also to Cym. wenshanense<br />
Y.S. WU & F.Y. LIU, 1990 (section<br />
Cyperorchis), a very attractive largeflowered<br />
cymbidium from southern Yunnan<br />
we cultivate and propagate at Hengduan<br />
Biotech (Figure 18 and 19). They suggest<br />
to hybridize an epiphytic cymbidium with<br />
a terrestrial (Jensoa) species to accelerate<br />
the in vitro development of the latter. With<br />
the introduction of Cym. ensifolium into<br />
the breeding of standard cymbidiums to<br />
create mini cymbidiums this has long been<br />
Fig. 17 A seedling of Cym. goeringii in flower 7 years after<br />
sowing and 4 years after deflasking.<br />
25
Fig. 18 Cym. wenshanense, pollen parent of<br />
Cym. Hengduan's Isabell<br />
Fig. 19 Seedlings of Cym. tortisepalum var.<br />
longibracteatum x Cym. wenshanense, the<br />
cross between the plants from Figure 18 and<br />
Figure 20<br />
Fig. 20 Cym. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum,<br />
pod parent of Cym Hengduan's Isabell<br />
Fig. 21 Seedlings of Cym. tortisepalum var.<br />
longibracteatum x Cym. wenshanense on<br />
modified V&W medium 15 months after sowing.<br />
26
done. In 20<strong>04</strong> I tried a new primary hybrid<br />
and crossed Cym. wenshanense with Cym.<br />
tortisepalum var. longibracteatum, called<br />
‘Spring Sword’ by traditional cymbidium<br />
growers in Sichuan. Depicted are the actual<br />
parent plants (Figures 18 and 20). The<br />
transition from protocorm over slim mycorrhizomes<br />
to shoots was relatively short<br />
under standard conditions (illumination<br />
and normal epiphyte media), despite the<br />
development of rather long hairy rhizomes<br />
(photo 21). After one year the seedlings<br />
had outgrown the flasks and could be deflasked<br />
in January 2006 (photo 22). The<br />
first flowers appeared in January 2009. Being<br />
my first cymbidium hybrid I named it<br />
about a year later after my first born child,<br />
Isabell Perner, as Cym. Hengduan’s Isabell<br />
Fig. 22 Seedlings of Cym.<br />
tortisepalum var. longibracteatum<br />
x Cym. wenshanense on modified<br />
V&W medium 18 months after<br />
sowing.<br />
Fig. 23 (Right) Seedling of<br />
Cym Hengduan's Isabell (Cym.<br />
tortisepalum var. longibracteatum<br />
x Cym. wenshanense) in flower.<br />
27
(photo 23). When the flower opens, it has<br />
the straight segments of Cym. tortisepalum,<br />
but larger and with the attractive lip coloration<br />
of Cym. wenshanense. Alas, in many<br />
clones the sepals twist within a few days.<br />
Some clones, however, keep their sepals<br />
straight throughout the entire blooming.<br />
Holger Perner.<br />
3-11-9<strong>04</strong> Yingduhuayuan,<br />
Xinguang Rd. 8,<br />
Chengdu, Sichuan 610<strong>04</strong>1,<br />
China.<br />
holger_perner@hotmail.com<br />
References:<br />
ARDITTI, J., & A.D. KRIKORIAN (1996): Orchid micropropagation - the path from<br />
laboratory to commercialization and an account of several unappreciated investigators.<br />
Botanical <strong>Journal</strong> of the Linnean Society 122: 183-241.<br />
BERNARD, N (1899): Sur la germination du Neottia nidus-avis. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris<br />
128.<br />
BURGEFF, H. (1932): Saprophytismus und Symbiose. G. Fischer, Jena.<br />
CHANG, C., Y.C. CHEN & H.F. YEN (2005): Protocorm or rhizome? The morphology<br />
of seed germination in Cymbidium dayanum REICHB. Botanical Bulletin of Academia<br />
Sinica 46: 71-74.<br />
DU PUY, D., and P. CRIBB (2007): Cymbidium- A Monograph. Natural History Publications<br />
(Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.<br />
LUCKE, E. (2003): Phalaenopsis wilsonii als Beispiel der Entwicklung des Keimblatts bzw.<br />
Protokorms bei Orchideen der Tribus Vandeae. Die Orchidee 54-3: 337-339.<br />
RASSMUSSEN, H. (1995): Terrestrial orchids from seed to mycotrophic plant. Cambridge<br />
University Press, Cambridge.<br />
TAHARA, Mochimu (2001): Artificial Interspecific Hybrids of Oriental Cymbidium<br />
Species. In Proceedings of the 17th Asia Pacific Orchid Conference, Aichi, Nagoya, pp.<br />
165-167.<br />
ZIEGENSPECK, H. (1936): Orchidaceae. in KIRCHNER, O.v., E. LOEW & C.<br />
SCHRÖTER: Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Bd. I, Abt. 4. Ulmer,<br />
Stuttgart.<br />
http://www.independent.com/news/2007/mar/15/big-orchid/<br />
http://www.sdorchids.com/articles/cym_ens_article.htm<br />
Holger Perner and his wife Wenqing are the<br />
proprietors of Hengduan Mountains Biotechnology<br />
Ltd. (Hengduanbiotech.com.) They<br />
sell orchids and other plants, propagation<br />
media, laboratory materials and books. They<br />
lead Orchid and Plant tours of several regions<br />
of China in English, German, Japanese and<br />
Chinese. And they frequently travel abroad<br />
attending meetings and giving talks.<br />
28
29
Parishii Regained<br />
By Emma D. Menninger.<br />
Reprinted from AOS Bulletin 34(10):892-897, October 1965, with permission from the AOS<br />
In our search for Cymbidium species,<br />
we particularly sought the rare species<br />
parishii and its famous variety 'Sanderae'.<br />
In a number of visits to the orchid growers<br />
of Europe in our quest for parishii, we<br />
were invariably informed that it was no<br />
longer in cultivation and was believed to<br />
be extinct. Dr. Yoshio Nagano of Tokyo,<br />
Japan, expressed the hope that it might still<br />
be found in the Imperial Orchid Collection<br />
of Japan, but on investigation he reported<br />
that it was not to be found there.<br />
Years ago, we had heard of a plant<br />
of parishii in our area at Armacost and<br />
Royston's establishment in Los Angeles,<br />
but there, also, we were informed by Mr.<br />
Sydney Bracey that it was no longer in the<br />
collection, although they had registered<br />
Cym. Prelude, a hybrid of parishii 'Sanderae'<br />
X Autumn Tints, as late as 1953. Dr. G. A.<br />
L. Mehlquist, formerly of the University of<br />
California at Los Angeles, now at the University<br />
of Connecticut, wrote me that he<br />
had seen it in flower there. In his letter of<br />
1958 he wrote: "When this plant bloomed<br />
I compared it with the published pictures<br />
of Cymbidium parishii, var. Sanderae, and<br />
concluded that it must be a piece of the<br />
original clone Sanderae ... Mr. Fred Sander<br />
...was of the opinion that the piece that Armacost<br />
and Royston had probably was the<br />
only one left." Dr. Mehlquist then obtained<br />
root tips of parishii 'Sanderae' and made a<br />
chromosome count of 2n = 40, which was<br />
published in the Cymbidium Society News<br />
for January, 1952.<br />
Early in 1961 we visited the orchid<br />
range of Armacost & Royston, under the<br />
management of Mr. Leo Holguin, of whom<br />
we inquired if the plant of Cym. parishii<br />
had ever turned up. Yes, there was a small<br />
piece which he showed to us. It consisted<br />
of a very small dormant bulb and a new<br />
growth. The plant was labeled "Cymbidium<br />
var. Sanderae." Our delight at seeing this<br />
rare plant after our long search can be<br />
imagined. So far as we know, this was the<br />
only piece in the collection. Arrangements<br />
were made for us to take the plant, to grow<br />
it on and, if possible, flower it. With such a<br />
precious treasure, every effort was made to<br />
induce it to grow.<br />
In the fall of 1962 two spikes appeared,<br />
one on each side of a newly made-up bulb.<br />
On March 18, 1963, the larger raceme<br />
Cymbidium parishii<br />
30
produced seven fragrant white flowers, the<br />
smaller spike having only three flowers. We<br />
were pleased to have Mr. and Mrs. Holguin<br />
visit us to see the flowers, for I do not think<br />
the plant had flowered for some years. The<br />
accompanying photograph gives an idea of<br />
the unusual flowers, quite different from<br />
any other Cymbidium species we had ever<br />
seen. The white medium-sized flower had a<br />
rather long lip, heavily banded and marked<br />
with reddish brown. It agreed reasonably<br />
well with the original drawings and with<br />
the Royal Horticultural Society painting<br />
by Nellie Roberts, Certificate #894, which<br />
certificate states that the plant was "identified<br />
and named by Kew." In our collection<br />
we have a colored photograph of the award<br />
painting.<br />
It was decided to self two flowers and<br />
to remove the smaller raceme before its<br />
flowers were fully opened. Before pollinating<br />
the flowers, photographs were taken in<br />
color and in black and white on March 27,<br />
1963. Of the expected capsules, one was to<br />
be embryo-cultured before ripening, in case<br />
this procedure might give better germination.<br />
The other capsule was to remain until<br />
ripe. On removing the pollen from the<br />
flowers of the larger raceme, it was found<br />
to be gray and apparently moldy. However,<br />
the pollen from the partially opened flowers<br />
of the smaller raceme which had been<br />
removed appeared good, and this was used<br />
on two flowers of the larger raceme on<br />
March 27, 1963.<br />
On September 2, 1963, before leaving<br />
for the Fourth World Orchid Conference<br />
at Singapore, the contents of one of<br />
the capsules were sown, five months after<br />
pollination. There was no germination in<br />
this planting. On January 12, 1964, the few<br />
seeds from the second capsule were sown<br />
to six bottles. After some months, two to<br />
six protocorms in each bottle became green<br />
but were tantalizingly slow. By late November,<br />
1964, they had not developed leaves.<br />
A few protocorms are being grown by meristem<br />
tissue culture to produce a multiplication<br />
of each clone, if possible. Later, apical<br />
meristem culture of a backbulb growth will<br />
be attempted in the hopes of propagating<br />
the original clone.<br />
The experience of poor germination<br />
is not unusual for selfed species, which are<br />
believed sometimes to have an inhibitor to<br />
prevent self-fertilization. The fact of poor<br />
germination may be slender evidence that<br />
parishii 'Sanderae' is a true species and not<br />
a natural hybrid, as is sometimes conjectured.<br />
Much may be learned if and when<br />
the selfed seedlings flower.<br />
The plant now has two leaved bulbs<br />
and one dormant bulb. There are three racemes,<br />
one on either side of the lead bulb<br />
and one on the middle bulb. There is no<br />
sign of a new growth, and to induce one,<br />
it is probable that on flowering all racemes<br />
will be removed.<br />
Cymbidium parishii, both the original<br />
type and the 'Sanderae' variety, appear to<br />
require more heat than some of the north<br />
Indian species of Cymbidiums. The greatest<br />
disadvantage and, no doubt, that which accounts<br />
for parishii's rarity, is the slow growth<br />
and poor production of new growths. In<br />
our experience, this may have been due<br />
to the profusion of flower racemes and to<br />
seed capsules which were probably a drain<br />
on the plant. There usually have been only<br />
two bulbs with leaves, for the leaves on<br />
the oldest bulb persist only until the new<br />
growth is fairly well developed as a new<br />
bulb. With few or no new growths a season,<br />
the plant remains small, although the bulbs<br />
and leaves are well developed.<br />
The history of the acquisition of Cym.<br />
parishii 'Sanderae' by Armacost & Royston<br />
is not known to us except that it was in the<br />
collection in 1952 and probably sometime<br />
before. It is said to have come from the late<br />
D. A. Cowan of Surbiton, England. However,<br />
we were intrigued by the label on the<br />
Armacost & Royston plant, for in addition<br />
to the name parishii 'Sanderae', there was<br />
31
the notation, "Sa 1944," which seemed to<br />
indicate that this might be the original label<br />
from the Sander firm.<br />
History<br />
A study of the literature of Cymbidium<br />
parishii indicates that only a few plants ever<br />
reached England, either of the type or of<br />
the 'Sanderae' variety. Cymbidium parishii<br />
Reichb. (Trans. Linn. Soc., Vol. 30, p.<br />
144, 1873 or 1874) was discovered by the<br />
Reverend C. S. Parish in 1859 while he was<br />
stationed in Burma. Becoming interested<br />
in the native orchids, his first collection<br />
consisted of six large cases of orchids from<br />
the Moulmein Hills in southern Burma.<br />
Among the orchids were several plants of<br />
a new type of Cymbidium which Parish<br />
thought to be a variety of eburneum, but<br />
which was later named parishii by Reichenbach<br />
as a new species. The entire consignment<br />
intended for England was lost in<br />
the Ganges River. Parish said he flowered<br />
several of the new Cymbidiums in Burma<br />
in 1867-68, but they did not survive. In<br />
1867 he sent two plants of the Cymbidium<br />
to Messrs. Low of Clapton, England, and<br />
about this time a dried specimen is believed<br />
to have been sent to Sir William Hooker<br />
of Kew, who believed it to be a variety of<br />
eburneum, and as late as 1893, years after<br />
Reichenbach had named it parishii, Hooker<br />
referred to it as eburneum 'Parishii' in his<br />
"Flora of British India" (Vol. 6, p. 12). But<br />
Rolfe later said (Orchid Review, Vol. 12,<br />
19<strong>04</strong>, p. 164), "by this time it was little<br />
more than a tradition ... it is doubtful if the<br />
original plants now exist."<br />
One of the Low plants was acquired<br />
by Mr. John Day of Tottenham in 1870 and<br />
one by Mr. W. Leech (sometimes spelled<br />
Leach) of Manchester from Messrs. Rollisson<br />
of Tooting, in 1875. The latter was<br />
probably a part of one of the two original<br />
introductions, for I find no record of further<br />
introductions of the species until the<br />
'Sanderae' variety was found. This is uncertain,<br />
since a number of persons later<br />
exhibited parishii, one under the name of<br />
Rutherford's variety.<br />
In 1872, Reichenbach (Gardeners'<br />
Chronicle, Vol. 1, New Series, March 14,<br />
1874, p. 338) examined a dried specimen<br />
of the plant at Richmond, Surrey, in the<br />
presence of Reverend Parish. On this basis,<br />
before the species had ever flowered in<br />
England, he named it Cymbidium parishii as<br />
a distinct species.<br />
Flowering<br />
In 1878 (Gard. Chron, Vol. 10, n.s.,<br />
pt. 2, July 20, 1878, p. 74) Mr. Swan, grower<br />
for Mr. Leech, stated in a letter of June<br />
25th that his flower of parishii was open on<br />
June 18th (Tuesday) and that he had seen<br />
Mr. Day's plant "in bud last Wednesday"<br />
(June 19th). Therefore, contrary to some<br />
accounts, we must grant the honor of flowering<br />
Cym. parishii first in Europe to Mr.<br />
Leech of Manchester on June 18, 1878. I<br />
have gone into much detail regarding these<br />
dates because many accounts are contradictory<br />
and I believe the above dates clarify<br />
the actual times of importing Cym. parishii<br />
into England and the actual date of first<br />
flowering in Europe. Mr. Swan had sent<br />
one of Mr. Leech's flowers to Reichenbach<br />
about June 25, 1878.<br />
The Day plant flowered shortly after<br />
Leech's was sold for 100 guineas to B. S.<br />
Williams' firm, who again flowered it, and<br />
a sketch was made for the Orchid Album<br />
(Vol. 1, t. 25, 1882). In 1885, Cym. parishii<br />
received an F.C.C. award from the<br />
Royal Horticultural Society, awarded to<br />
Lawrence (probably Sir Trevor Lawrence).<br />
There are records of Cym. parishii having<br />
been exhibited a number of times, even as<br />
late as 1912. These may be the 'Sanderae'<br />
variety or other Micholitz clones, since the<br />
Orchid World (Vol. 6, 1916, p. 129) states<br />
32
"but three or four plants are known to exist<br />
in cultivation."<br />
Cymbidium Parishii 'Sanderae'<br />
In 19<strong>04</strong>, Micholitz, the successful collector<br />
for Messrs. Sander and Sons, sent a new<br />
Cymbidium from the highlands of Annam<br />
to Sanders, in England. Said to have "developed<br />
a flower spike during the voyage<br />
home ... it was kept alive and brought into<br />
flower" (Orchid World, Vol. 6, 1916, p.<br />
129). On exhibiting it as Cymbidium sanderae<br />
on May 17, 19<strong>04</strong>, Sanders received an<br />
F.C.C./RHS award. The next day, on being<br />
submitted to Kew, R. A. Rolfe declared it<br />
to be a variety of the no longer cultivated<br />
Cym. parishii, hence the name parishii 'Sanderae'.<br />
There has always been considerable<br />
doubt regarding Rolfe's decision, since<br />
there are a number of rather striking differences<br />
in the Parish and Micholitz introductions.<br />
Illustrations of the original type in<br />
the Orchid Album (Vol. 1, 1882, t. 25) and<br />
Lindenia (Vol. 15, 1900, t. 717) show the<br />
spotting on the lip to be somewhat centrally<br />
located on the front lobe of the lip with a<br />
white border, while those of the 'Sanderae'<br />
variety in Flora and Sylva, from a drawing<br />
by H. G. Moon (Vol. 3, 1905, p. 150),<br />
and in the Gardeners' Chronicle (Vol. 59,<br />
1916, fig. 133, p. 307), as well as the R.H.S.<br />
award painting, show a more or less heavy<br />
banding of spots around the edge of the<br />
front lobe, which spots the Royal Horticultural<br />
Society Dictionary of Gardening<br />
states are "sometimes confluent."<br />
These latter three illustrations of parishii<br />
'Sanderae' compare well with the species<br />
we flowered, considering that the illustrations<br />
are not photographs. The sepals<br />
and petals are white and it is therefore believed<br />
that the tannish color of the Flora<br />
and Sylva illustration is incorrect, since all<br />
descriptions, including Flora and Silva's,<br />
indicate that they are white or ivory-white.<br />
The two illustrations of the earlier type in<br />
the Orchid Album and Lindenia show a<br />
wider front lobe of the lip than that of 'Sanderae'.<br />
Another more significant difference<br />
between the two varieties is the form of the<br />
flower which in 'Sanderae' is quite regular,<br />
while that of the original type has petals<br />
that are definitely "upswept," as in eburneum.<br />
Also, there were two or three flowers<br />
on the raceme in the first introduction,<br />
while 'Sanderae' was reported to have three<br />
to six flowers, with four flowers when it was<br />
awarded in 19<strong>04</strong>. This may not be significant,<br />
since flower production is subject to<br />
considerable variation. The first variety<br />
was said to be a summer bloomer in June,<br />
July and August, while the Sander award<br />
was given in May and the one we flowered<br />
was in March. With the number of differences<br />
in the two varieties, one wonders if<br />
two species might be involved or if one or<br />
both could be natural hybrids.<br />
Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae, from<br />
plate by H. G. Moon at Oakes Ames Orchid<br />
Herbarium, Harvard University<br />
33
Hybrids<br />
Cymbidium parishii 'Sanderae' appears<br />
to be the only clone of parishii of record<br />
that was used in hybrids. It was used to<br />
make a number of fine hybrids of its day<br />
and its influence is still potent. With insigne,<br />
it made Dryad in 1914; with lowianum,<br />
Garnet in 1915; with Lowio-grandiflorum,<br />
Martin in 1920; and with Pauwelsii, Elfin<br />
(syn. Cygnet) in 1918, besides a number<br />
of other crosses. All of these crosses were<br />
registered by Sir George Holford except the<br />
last, which he also made as Cygnet. These<br />
hybrids in turn were the parents of other<br />
fine progeny. Indeed, the ancestry of our<br />
most popular Cymbidium stud plant today<br />
— Cym. Balkis — can be traced back to<br />
parishii 'Sanderae'.<br />
Rarity<br />
In 19<strong>04</strong>, when Cym. parishii 'Sanderae'<br />
received the F.C.C./RHS award, Mr.<br />
Rolfe (Orch. Rev., Vol. 12, June 19<strong>04</strong>, p.<br />
164) stated that "it is doubtful whether the<br />
original plants now exist." As late as 1916<br />
(Orchid World, Vol. 6, 1916, p. 129) it<br />
was stated of Cym. parishii, "which so far<br />
as is known is not in cultivation." In 1927<br />
(Journ. R. H. S., Vol. 52, pt. 1, 1927, p. 30)<br />
Mr. Alexander mentioned that Westonbirt<br />
had bred fine Cymbidiums from parishii<br />
'Sanderae', but he did not indicate whether<br />
it was then still in the Westonbirt collection.<br />
In Withner's "The Orchids — A Scientific<br />
Survey" (1959, p. 266) it is stated<br />
that Cym. parishii "is probably no longer in<br />
cultivation." This belief was also expressed<br />
by Mr. Roger Sander and other English<br />
orchid growers several years ago when we<br />
were searching for this rare species.<br />
Thus, it appears that Cymbidium parishii<br />
may have been rescued from the fate<br />
that befell the extinct archeopteryx and the<br />
dodo. — Greenoaks, Arcadia, California.<br />
The Rev. Parish's Cymbidium<br />
By Wm. Jeff Trimble.<br />
"Parishii Regained", the historic<br />
article first published by the AOS<br />
in 1965 by Emma Menninger<br />
illustrates how the fate of an<br />
orchid species can be affected by<br />
mankind for the good as well as<br />
bad.<br />
The Cymbidium species<br />
parishii, sanderae, or parishii var.<br />
Sanderae is one of the most important<br />
species we have in Cymbidium<br />
hybridizing. It is in the<br />
background of some of the most<br />
significant Cymbidium hybrids<br />
that have been registered. As a<br />
Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae,<br />
Photo <strong>CSA</strong> Archives<br />
34
cymbidium species it ranks 5th in the number<br />
of progeny with 11,126 as of 2014. Only<br />
Cymbidiums insigne, lowianum, eburneum,<br />
and grandiflorum have more. Surprisingly,<br />
the RHS lists sanderae as 11th in the number<br />
of progeny.<br />
Now the big question: what is the<br />
difference between parishii and sanderae?<br />
Some say it is how the flower spike is initiated,<br />
that one starts the spike in the leaves<br />
and the other starts its spike at the bottom<br />
of the bulb. After talking to several experts,<br />
I found that the general opinion is that<br />
they both will spike either way. The biggest<br />
difference that I have seen is that Sanderae<br />
will have more than 10 flowers per spike,<br />
and parishii 4 -5 flowers on a spike, but of<br />
course the number of flowers on a spike can<br />
be dependent on many conditions. The<br />
lips may be different, but that is also known<br />
to come from diversity. Additionally it is reported<br />
that the flower segments fold back a<br />
bit more on a parishii. Other than<br />
that, one cannot tell them apart.<br />
Truth be told most of the<br />
older plants in culture now are<br />
either sib crosses or divisions of<br />
the original plant that Mrs. Menninger<br />
rescued back in the ‘60s.<br />
So what makes this species<br />
valuable as a hybridizing parent?<br />
For a start the inflorescence presentation<br />
is arching which makes<br />
for a good flower display. Its color<br />
is not dominant, allowing offspring<br />
to carry other color flowers.<br />
It improves the red markings<br />
on its progenies’ lips, and overall<br />
seems to improve the appearance<br />
of the plants. Finally the progeny<br />
will tolerate a slightly raised<br />
growing temperature.<br />
Some of the older primary<br />
hybrids are still being used and<br />
re-made. Cymbidium Dryad, insigne crossed<br />
with parishii [1914 Holford] was used<br />
many times and is still being shown in its<br />
4n version. Cymbidium Garnet, parishii<br />
crossed with lowianum [1915 Holford] is<br />
being remade in a tetraploid version, as is<br />
Cymbidium Sea Mew, which is made from<br />
crossing parishii with iansonii.<br />
Now let us look at the last 40 years<br />
of primary hybridizing of these species. I<br />
would have to say that New Horizons, Geyersland,<br />
and Featherhill are the firms with<br />
the most success from crosses made with<br />
these species. The primary hybrids include:<br />
Hugh Gordon made with alifolium [Featherhill<br />
1979]. Devon Parish made with devonianum<br />
[Geyserland 1983]. Herbie Poole<br />
made with hookerianum [Geyserland 1989].<br />
Herbert George Alexander made with tracyanum<br />
[AOS, 2001]. Canal Parish made<br />
with canaliculatum [New Horizon, 2011].<br />
Cymbidium Dryad<br />
Photo courtesy W. Caughlan<br />
35
There are many others that have garnered<br />
awards, but another new direction in<br />
breeding has taken place. You need to look<br />
no farther than Cymbidium Gladys Whitsell<br />
[Geyersland 1983]. This was a cross<br />
of Cymbidium Fifi and parishii/sanderae.<br />
Where Cymbidium Fifi needed a truck to<br />
take it to a show because of its Cymbidium<br />
madidum growing size,Gladys Whitsell is a<br />
plant that can be transported in a station<br />
wagon. It has received 21 awards and is<br />
still being judged in orchid shows around<br />
the world.<br />
Some of the most exciting work is that<br />
being done on novelty Cymbidiums using<br />
Cymbidium parishii/sanderae. Again, New<br />
Horizons is leading the way. Cymbidium Loly<br />
Cymbidium Devon Parish 'Dark Eyes'<br />
Photo <strong>CSA</strong> Archive<br />
Moving on to more modern complex<br />
hybrids, if you do the research you find<br />
Cymbidium parishii/sanderae in many<br />
hybrids and some very famous ones at that.<br />
The first example of these famous hybrids<br />
would have to be Cymbidium Lillian<br />
Stewart [Stewart 1955]. This grand dame<br />
has 144 awards to its name. It has 9.4%<br />
parishii in it from the Cymbidium Dryad and<br />
Cymbidium Elfin in its background.<br />
The next example is Cymbidium San Francisco<br />
[Stewart 1956] with 115 awards. It<br />
has 7.3% from Cymbidium Dryad and Cymbidium<br />
Garnet. Some of the show bench<br />
hybrids currently being shown that have<br />
parishii/sanderae in the background are<br />
Cymbidium Hazel Fay [Geyersland 1998]<br />
3.1%, Cymbidium Valley Zenith [Valley<br />
Orchids 1982] 7%, and Cymbidium Valley<br />
Splash [Valley Orchids 1991] 4.7%. Of<br />
course these are complex hybrids that have<br />
many species contributing to their backgrounds.<br />
Cymbidium Gladys Whitsel 'The Charmer'<br />
Photo Wm. Jeff Trimble<br />
Cymbidium parishii 'Mem Emma Menninger' x<br />
Cymbidium Aunty Violet<br />
photo Geroge Hatfield<br />
36
Fangon is a cross of Cymbidium Sunday Romance<br />
with Cymbidium parishii [New Horizons<br />
2013]. Cymbidium Boon Bryson is<br />
a cross of Cymbidium Gladys Whitsell with<br />
Cymbidium Gordon Gibbs [New Horizons<br />
2009]. And Cymbidium Shinning Parish is<br />
a cross of Cymbidium Kusuda Shining with<br />
Cymbidium parishii [New Horizons 2011].<br />
I also think that some interesting<br />
parishii/sanderae hybrids are currently<br />
being made with modern hybrids. Case in<br />
point, George Hatfield is making crosses<br />
such as Cymbidium parishii ‘Mem. Emma<br />
Menninger’ x Cymbidium James Toya<br />
and Cymbidium parishii ‘Mem. Emma<br />
Menninger’ x Cymbidium Aunty Violet.<br />
I have made several crosses with<br />
Cymbidium parishii “Mem Emma<br />
Menninger” 4N as a parent. One is a cross<br />
with Cymbidium Valley Zenith ‘Glen Avon’.<br />
I hope to get a much improved Cymbidium<br />
Western Movie. The spike should be taller,<br />
the flowers an apple green color, and the<br />
flower count should 10 to 12. Another of<br />
my crosses is Cymbidium parishii/sanderae<br />
with Cymbidium Helen Tangcay. This will<br />
have long spikes of 12 to 15 flowers in a<br />
light to medium pink color.<br />
So what does the future have in store<br />
for us? Luckily, new plants of Cymbidium<br />
parishii/sanderae are being found in Viet<br />
Nam and Cambodia. And with the opening<br />
of tourist trade in Myanmar [Burma]<br />
we might see plants from the original<br />
collection area where Rev. Parish found his<br />
plants all those years ago.<br />
Wm. Jeff Trimble is the<br />
past president of <strong>CSA</strong><br />
and current president<br />
of the Peninsula Orchid<br />
Society of San Mateo,<br />
California. He has been<br />
growing orchids since<br />
1974 and currently<br />
occupies a large<br />
unheated greenhouse<br />
in Pacifica, California<br />
overlooking the Pacific<br />
Ocean.<br />
Cymbidium parishii<br />
'Mem Emma Menninger x<br />
Cymbidium James Toya .<br />
photo Geroge Hatfield<br />
37
38
The Duffer's* Corner :<br />
You Can't Tell the Players Without a Program<br />
Part 1.<br />
By Andy Cameron, Ph.D<br />
No. 12<br />
Let’s talk about the classification of<br />
cymbidiums. Human beings classify items<br />
to bring order into a chaotic situation.<br />
Consider supermarkets which classify fruits<br />
and vegetables in the Produce section and<br />
jars of mayonnaise and mustard under Condiments.<br />
Imagine a supermarket with its<br />
42,000 items (average in 2014) randomly<br />
placed on shelves and bins; then redistributed<br />
every night. It would take literally<br />
hours each time to find the specific items<br />
one wanted! After you have rested up from<br />
that thought experiment, consider further<br />
that supermarket food categories are all<br />
clearly separate. It would be hard to confuse<br />
Dry Goods with Dairy, for example.<br />
Cymbidium collections are not as various<br />
or complicated as food stores but one still<br />
needs a way to distinguish various species<br />
and hybrids for culture, for judging or for<br />
simply discussing an excellent plant.<br />
In Duffers Corner #4 we discussed the<br />
rules for naming species and hybrids and<br />
where the Cymbidium genus falls within the<br />
orchid family and seed plants more broadly.<br />
We observed how a properly formed name<br />
can lead to the pedigree of a hybrid all the<br />
way back to the first primary cross. Here I<br />
want to explore the extent of cymbidiums:<br />
how many species are there? How are they<br />
organized? What can we glean for this information<br />
about breeding and culture?<br />
For the purposes of discussion let’s<br />
review some taxonomic terms we will need.<br />
The name Cymbidium is a genus name, that<br />
is, a taxonomic rank between species and<br />
family. A genus contains species. A species<br />
by a common definition, is a group of plants<br />
with shared characteristics that normally<br />
interbreed. Normally means without the aid<br />
of humans. So if Cymbidium canaliculatum<br />
and C. insigne never occur together they<br />
would remain separate species even if we<br />
transport the plants to a site and manually<br />
pollinate one with pollinia from the other.<br />
There are a number of divisions above<br />
genus, the commonest being the rank of<br />
family. Cymbidium genera are members of<br />
the Family Orchidaceae. Below genus is<br />
a useful term used for cymbidiums, called<br />
section. It is an unranked term used to<br />
organize a genus with a large number of<br />
species. The benefit of being unranked is it<br />
avoids adding more combinations of names.<br />
An unranked name is not part of the formal<br />
binomial name but can be added. For<br />
example, Cymbidium tracyanum belongs<br />
to the section Cyperorchis so it could be<br />
written as Cymbidium (sect. Cyperorchis)<br />
*Duffer, from Webster's Dictionary: An incompetent, ineffectual or clumsy person, especially a<br />
mediocre golfer. Growing orchids isn't exactly golf. I prefer the third adjective, clumsy.<br />
39
tracyanum. After reading a number of<br />
taxonomic papers, it seems that subgeneric<br />
rankings of subspecies or section have<br />
been used variously for cymbidiums over<br />
the years. The most recent is the section<br />
arrangement used by Du Puy and Cribb in<br />
the book, “The Genus Cymbidium”. We’ll<br />
use that one here. All of these rules are laid<br />
out by the International Association for<br />
Plant Taxonomy.<br />
What is a cymbidium? The definition<br />
of the genus Cymbidium was published<br />
in 1799 by Olof Peter Swartz in the journal<br />
whose title is abbreviated: Nov Act Soc Sc<br />
Upsal. Swartz was probably the first specialist<br />
in orchid taxonomy and he studied<br />
under Linnaeus the younger, whose father<br />
established the binomial nomenclature we<br />
use today. There are various descriptions of<br />
the genus but one of the best is in the book<br />
entitled “The Genus Cymbidium” by David<br />
Du Puy and Phillip Cribb (see references).<br />
The features that identify cymbidiums include<br />
aspects of leaf anatomy, pseudobulb<br />
structure and either two or four pollinia.<br />
Under this careful definition of cymbidium,<br />
how many actual species are there?<br />
There are some places to look, especially<br />
in web accessible databases. First, there is a<br />
working list of all plant species, The Plant<br />
List, created by Royal Botanic Gardens,<br />
Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden<br />
and posted in the internet at http://www.<br />
theplantlist.org/. These institutions gathered<br />
all of the plant checklist datasets they<br />
could find and generated a stupendous<br />
master list. The new list combines a number<br />
of already huge lists stretching from<br />
the 200,000 names in the International<br />
Organization of Plant Information to the<br />
“Tropicos” information system of the Missouri<br />
Botanical Garden which holds over<br />
a million names and 3.9 million herbarium<br />
specimens. They further examined all of<br />
the names and rated those with sufficient<br />
information as “Accepted”. The synonyms<br />
and unresolved names are also included.<br />
Fig. 1. Olof Peter Swartz (1760-1818).<br />
The author of the genus description for<br />
cymbidiums published in 1799<br />
We therefore may count the cymbidium<br />
information here as reasonably authoritative<br />
and probably inclusive. The Plant List<br />
returns 527 entries under the search term<br />
Cymbidium. Of these, 92 were rated as<br />
“Accepted”. Removing the subspecies and<br />
varieties leaves 72 species. In contrast Du<br />
Puy and Cribb in the 2007 book list 52 species.<br />
The difference stems from several issues.<br />
Some names have been assigned in<br />
new reports published after the book. However,<br />
Du Puy and Cribb examined hundreds<br />
of plant specimens in herbaria around the<br />
world as well as the literature and they resolved<br />
a number of the ambiguous names.<br />
If we combine the 52 well annotated ones<br />
and the new species the total comes to 60<br />
species (Table 1).<br />
For ease of handling, the species are<br />
arranged into sections. There are 11 sections<br />
in the genus. If we exclude the six sections<br />
with one or two species, the majority<br />
are divided among four sections: Cymbidi-<br />
40
Sectional listing of the Genus Cymbidium<br />
Annamaea<br />
Floribundum<br />
Cymbidium erythrostylum 1,2 Cymbidium chloranthum 1,2<br />
Austrocymbidium Cymbidium elongatum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium canaliculatum 1,2 Cymbidium floribundum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium madidum 1,2 Cymbidium hartinahianum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium suave 1,2 Cymbidium suavissimum 1,2<br />
Bigibbarium<br />
Himantophyllum<br />
Cymbidium devonianum 1,2 Cymbidium dayanum 1,2<br />
Borneense<br />
Jensoa<br />
Cymbidium aliciae 1,2 Cymbidium cyperifolium 1,2<br />
Cymbidium borneense 1,2 Cymbidium defoliatum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium Cymbidium ensifolium 1,2<br />
Cymbidium aloifolium 1,2 Cymbidium faberi 1,2<br />
Cymbidium atropurpureum 1,2 Cymbidium goeringii 1,2<br />
Cymbidium bicolor 1,2 Cymbidium kanran 1,2<br />
Cymbidium finlaysonianum 1,2 Cymbidium munroanum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium rectum 1,2 Cymbidium nanulum 1,2<br />
Cyperorchis Cymbidium omeiense 1,2<br />
Cymbidium banaense 1,2 Cymbidium qiubeiense 1,2<br />
Cymbidium cochleare 1,2 Cymbidium sichuanicum 1,2,3<br />
Cymbidium eburneum 1,2 Cymbidium sinense 1,2<br />
Cymbidium elegans 1,2 Cymbidium tortisepalum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium erythraeum 1,2 Pachyrhizanthe<br />
Cymbidium hookerianum 1,2 Cymbidium lancifolium 1,2<br />
Cymbidium insigne 1,2 Cymbidium macrorhizon 1,2<br />
Cymbidium iridioides 1,2 Parishiella<br />
Cymbidium lowianum 1,2 Cymbidium tigrinum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium mastersii 1,2 Not classified<br />
Cymbidium parishii 1,2 Cymbidium induratifolium 1,4<br />
Cymbidium roseum 1,2 Cymbidium longipes 1,5<br />
Cymbidium sanderae 1,2 Cymbidium micranthum 1,2<br />
Cymbidium schroederi 1,2 Cymbidium paucifolium 1,7<br />
Cymbidium sigmoideum 1,2 Cymbidium recurvatum 1,6<br />
Cymbidium tracyanum 1,2 Cymbidium wadae 1,7<br />
Cymbidium wenshanense 1,2<br />
Cymbidium whiteae 1,2<br />
Cymbidium wilsonii 1,2<br />
Table 1. A listing of the species in the genus Cymbidium by section after the scheme proposed by<br />
Du Puy and Cribb (2007). The assignment to the sections does not strictly follow the molecular<br />
evidence and is therefore considered as provisional grouping. The sources of evidence for the<br />
names is indicated by the numbers following them. They are: 1) The Plant List; 2) Du Puy and<br />
Cribb, 2007; 3) Liu and Chen 2002; 4) Liu and Zhang, 1998; 5) Liu and Chen 2006; 6) Liu, Chen and<br />
Cribb, 2009; 7) T.Yukawa, 2002<br />
41
um, Cyperorchis, Floribundum and Jensoa.<br />
That leaves the Australian species Cymbidium<br />
canaliculatum, C. madidum and C.<br />
suave forming a neat group of three in the<br />
section Austrocymbidium. Based on anatomical<br />
characters it is somewhat difficult<br />
to exclusively define the sections. Molecular<br />
evidence is better but the organization<br />
is still considered provisional.<br />
Looking back over the literature on<br />
Cymbidium systematics, there seems to be<br />
little agreement in the beginning of this discourse.<br />
However the advent of molecular<br />
approaches using DNA comparisons has<br />
reduced the controversy considerably. It is<br />
a powerful technique which, with sufficient<br />
samples, can provide strong inferences. As<br />
Mark W. Chase , an orchid systematist at<br />
Kew Gardens, says in an informative short<br />
video (see references): DNA systematics<br />
can provide origins as well as relationships.<br />
That means not only can we determine<br />
what a species closest relatives are, but how<br />
the “family” tree branches in deeper time.<br />
This molecular evidence has solidified relationships<br />
above the genus level very well.<br />
We must assume as more information is<br />
gathered that the small discrepancies within<br />
the genus will be reconciled, too.<br />
This background in names and<br />
relationships ought to be useful for the<br />
hobbyist. In the next part of this essay<br />
coming in the next edition, we’ll try to draw<br />
some insight from this naming structure for<br />
our particular uses. See you next time.<br />
References.<br />
Below are listed the journal articles and the web link to their entry in a plant name database.<br />
Some of the citations are incomplete.<br />
Du Puy, David and Cribb, Phillip. 2007. The Genus Cymbidium. Kew Publishing, UK.<br />
Liu, Z. J. and Chen S. C. 2006. The Genus Cymbidium in China. 82.<br />
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-346628<br />
Liu, Z. J., Chen, S.C. and. Cribb, P.J. 2009. Flora of China 25: 278.<br />
http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100352175<br />
Liu, Z. J. and Chen, S. C. 2002. J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 20(5): 350.<br />
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-235493<br />
Liu, Z. J. and Zhang, J. N. 1998 J. S. China Agric. Univ. 19(3): 115.<br />
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-462744<br />
Mark Chase, Kew Gardens talking about naming and biodiversity<br />
https://youtu.be/wT-3OeS_qdE<br />
The Plant List, http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/about/<br />
Yukawa, T., Miyoshi, k. and Yokoyama, J. 2002. Molecular phylogeny and character<br />
evolution of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, Ser. B, 28,<br />
4: 129-139<br />
Dr. Andrew Cameron is an animal research<br />
biologist with an amateur interest in plants. He<br />
spends much of his spare time trying to convince<br />
hybrid cymbidiums that Pasadena, California is a<br />
nice place to live.<br />
42
SOUTH BAY ORCHID SOCIETY<br />
FIRST ANNUAL<br />
ORCHID AUCTION<br />
Friday April 21, 2017<br />
7-10pm<br />
Preview 6:30pm<br />
Free Entrance Free Parking Refreshments<br />
Quality plants from nurseries, vendors, hobbyists,<br />
commercial growers & society members<br />
Blooming Orchids, Species & Hybrids, Rare Plants<br />
Indoor and outdoor growers<br />
South Coast Botanic Garden<br />
26300 Crenshaw Blvd<br />
Palos Verdes Peninsula, CA 90274<br />
OPEN TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC<br />
www.southbayorchidsociety.com<br />
Cash or Checks only<br />
43
Cymbidium Society of America Awards<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Orchid Show, Western Springs, Auckland, New Zealand<br />
Aug 8, 2015<br />
Judges Present: J Austin, T Austin, A Day, W Grausch, C Hubbert, L Neale, R Neale, B<br />
Vance. Chair: J. Vance.<br />
Silver Award<br />
Cymbidium Regent Kahn 'Ozelworth'<br />
(Cym Valley Regent x Cym Lancashire<br />
Khan)<br />
Point Score: 81.7<br />
Twenty six flowers on two inflorescences. Petals<br />
and sepals crimson, self striped. Lip white with<br />
heavy crimson barring and spotting, and a light<br />
yellow flush centrally; keels yellow with small<br />
crimson spots. Column crimson with cream<br />
anther cap.<br />
Large well grown plant. Two erect stems 90 and<br />
98 cms tall, displaying the flowers well above<br />
the foliage.<br />
OW 10.8 cm, DSW 4.5 cm, PW 3.5 cm, VSW<br />
4.5 cm, Stem 11.1 cm.<br />
Owner: Andy & Kannika Price<br />
Photograph courtesy C. Hubbert<br />
Waitakere Orchid Club Show, Kelston, New Zealand<br />
Aug 29, 2015<br />
Judges Present: C Hubbert, L Neale, R Neale, B Vance, J Vance Chair: R. Tucker.<br />
Paph Debbie Robinson 'Keith'<br />
(Paph appletonianum x Paph wardii<br />
Point Score: 82.0<br />
Six flowers and 1 bud on seven inflorescences.<br />
Dorsal sepal apple green with darker strips, and<br />
a pale burgundy flush adjacent to staminode.<br />
Petals apple green overlaid with brown-purple<br />
spots and dots and flushing towards the tips;<br />
ciliate margins. Pouch brown-purple on green<br />
base. Ventral sepal apple green self striped.<br />
Very well grown plant with clean mottled<br />
foliage.<br />
OW 10.1 cm, DSW 3.5 cm, PW 1.8 cm, Stem<br />
37.0 cm<br />
Owner: L. Rockell<br />
Silver Award<br />
Photograph courtesy D. Chuah<br />
44
Waitakere Orchid Club Show, Kelston, New Zealand<br />
Aug 29, 2015<br />
Judges Present: C Hubbert, L Neale, R Neale, B Vance, J Vance Chair: R. Tucker.<br />
Bronze Awards<br />
Cymbidium Orange Sunrise 'Good<br />
Morning'<br />
(Cym Hazel Fay x Cym Gloria Streeter)<br />
Point Score: 77.7<br />
Thirty one flowers on 2 inflorescences.<br />
Petals and sepals deep cream overlaid pale<br />
bronze-red striping and suffusion. Lip<br />
cream with plum bar and central stripe and<br />
light spotting. Anther cap cream. Large<br />
well grown plant with 2 graceful arching<br />
stems displaying flowers attractively.<br />
OW 8.5 cm, DSW 4.4 cm, PW 3.8 cm,<br />
VSW 4.4 cm,.<br />
Owner: Alan Napper<br />
Cymbidium Leroys Hazel 'Aria'<br />
(Cym Hazel Fay x Cym Roy and Ray)<br />
Point Score: 78<br />
Twenty two flowers and 25 buds on 5<br />
inflorescences. Petals and sepals cream<br />
overlaid orange/red, self-striped. Lip cream,<br />
solid crimson bar on front lobe, keels cream<br />
with crimson dots. Five tall erect stems to 90<br />
cm displaying flowers well clear of foliage.<br />
OW 10.2 cm, DSW 3.7 cm, PW 3.6 cm, VSW<br />
3.9 cm,.<br />
Owner: Lito Teope<br />
Paph Voodoo Wonder 'Shellnick Ruby'<br />
(Paph Voodoo Magic x Paph Wood<br />
Wonder<br />
Point Score: 77.2<br />
Single flower on tall erect stem. Dorsal sepal<br />
very round, a little cupped, heavy glossy stripes<br />
of dark maroon over a pink background. Petals<br />
dark maroon with near-black warts and finely<br />
ciliate margins. Pouch blackish-purple, matt.<br />
Small well-grown plant, clean mottled foliage.<br />
OW 11.8 cm, DSW 6.3 cm, PW 2.2cm, Stem<br />
44.0 cm<br />
Owner: Chris Whitby<br />
Photograph courtesyD. Chuah<br />
Photograph courtesyD. Chuah<br />
Photograph courtesyD. Chuah<br />
45
Cymbidium Irish Wind 'Yeah Right'<br />
(Cym Cymbiflor x Cym devonianum)<br />
Point Score: 77.2<br />
Twenty two flowers and 2 buds on 2<br />
inflorescences, petals and sepals yellow olive<br />
with faint red flush, and narrow central red<br />
stripe in petals. Lip white with solid maroon<br />
front lobe, pale lemon anther cap. Large plant,<br />
well grown, flowers a little bunched on stems.<br />
OW 6.9 cm, DSW 2.8 cm, PW 2.5 cm, VSW<br />
2.7 cm,.<br />
Owner: Alan Napper<br />
New Zealand Orchid Society Spring Show, Mt. Albert<br />
Sept. 26, 2015<br />
Judges Present: W Grausch, C Hubbert, S Tucker, B Vance, J Vance Chair: R. Tucker.<br />
Cymbidium Betty Vance 'Nessie'<br />
(Cym Globetrotter x Cym Anna Szabo)<br />
Point Score: 80.6<br />
Twenty nine flowers on three erect<br />
inflorescences. Petals and sepals white with<br />
soft pale pink flush and soft pale magenta stripe<br />
in petals. Lip white with solid maroon band<br />
frontally and magenta flush to side lobes and<br />
frontal picotee. Keels lemon. Column flushed<br />
magenta, speckled magenta underneath. Pollen<br />
cap cream. Texture matt. Heavy substance.<br />
OW 8.5 cm, DSW 3.8 cm, PW 2.7 cm, VSW<br />
3.4 cm,.<br />
Owner: Villa Orchids<br />
Cymbidium Kydan's Flame 'Redvale'<br />
(Cym Norwegian Wood x Cym Khan<br />
Flame)<br />
Point Score: 78.0<br />
Twenty six flowers on one tall arching<br />
inflorescence. Petals and sepals rose with paler<br />
striations. Lip white with crimson bar and<br />
centre stripe on front lobe, side lobes lightly<br />
flushed pale rose. Keels cream with sparse pale<br />
rose dots. Pollen cap cream.<br />
OW 8.5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 2.5 cm, VSW<br />
2.8 cm,.<br />
Owner: R & S Tucker<br />
Silver Award<br />
Bronze Award<br />
Photograph courtesyD. Chuah<br />
Photograph courtesy C. Hubbert<br />
Photograph courtesy C. Hubbert<br />
46
Award of Distinction<br />
Cymbidium Kiwi Snow 'Snowball'<br />
(Cym Hazel Show x Cym devonianum)<br />
Twenty two flowers and two buds on one<br />
arching inflorescence. Petals and sepals pale<br />
lime green, petals and dorsal have light red<br />
veining centrally, becoming a light red flush<br />
adjacent to column. Lip white with light rose<br />
flush frontally. Keels pale lemon. Column<br />
speckled light red underneath. The novel,<br />
distinctive, feature for this AD is the white lip,<br />
the usual devonianum colouring being absent.<br />
OW 6.0 cm, DSW 2.9 cm, PW 1.6 cm, VSW<br />
1..8 cm.<br />
Owner: R & S Tucker<br />
Photograph courtesy C. Hubbert<br />
Santa Barbara International Orchid Show,<br />
Santa Barbara, CA<br />
March 12, 2015<br />
Judges Present: B. Burkey, N. Hasegawa, J. Trimble, T. Tanaka, K. Jacobsen, M. Levy,. T.<br />
Velardi, J. Rowe, Chair: G. Hatfield. .<br />
Silver Awards<br />
Paphiopedilum Hot Stuff 'Sundancer'<br />
(Paph Golden Chalice x Paph<br />
armeniacum)<br />
Point Score: 79.7<br />
Two flowers on one inflorescence. Monochrome<br />
light yellow, consistent color depth, outline oval.<br />
Dorsal sepal with longitudinal ridges. Synsepal<br />
extends well below pouch. Lateral petals with a<br />
light glossy texture.<br />
OW 11.5 cm, DSW 9.3 cm, PW 6.5 cm, VSW 7<br />
cm, STEM 23.5 cm.<br />
Owner: Orchids Royale<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
47
Cymbidium John William Easton 'New<br />
Horizon'<br />
(Cym Fifi x Cym Spring Beauty)<br />
Point Score: 79.7<br />
Twenty nine flowers and two buds on one<br />
arching inflorescence. Light apple green base<br />
color on petals and sepals. Lip light yellow-green<br />
with reds and light red stippling on two thirds<br />
of lip.<br />
OW 8cm, DSW 2.6cm, PW 2cm, VSW 2.6cm, .<br />
Owner: Cal Orchids<br />
Paphiopedilum Spring Wolf 'Jack'<br />
(Paph Dire Wolf x Paph Spring Moonbeam)<br />
Point Score: 78.6<br />
One flower on one inflorescence, dorsal sepal<br />
very light green with dark green veins. Lateral<br />
petals medium green with dark green veins and<br />
upper half apple green. Synsepal small and light<br />
green. Pouch apple green. Texture rough.<br />
OW 13 cm, DSW 6.4 cm, PW 2.9 cm, VSW 2.5<br />
cm, STEM 27 cm.<br />
Owner: Jim Sloniker<br />
Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Heart of<br />
Gold'<br />
(Cym madidum x Cym Ruby Eyes)<br />
Point Score: 78.8<br />
315 flowers on seven inflorescences. Overall<br />
color burgundy. Lip bright yellow with dark<br />
stippling on outside edge of lip. Anther cap<br />
bright white. Good Display.<br />
OW 5cm, DSW 1.6cm, PW 1.5cm, VSW 1.8cm,<br />
Owner: Hatfield Orchids<br />
Paphiopedilum Pitch Blend 'Monsoon<br />
Perfect Pitch'<br />
(Paph Hsinying Pitch x Paph Hsinying<br />
Dewey)<br />
Point Score: 78.6<br />
One flower on erect stem, slightly cupped dorsal<br />
veined dark burgundy with small spots proximally,<br />
petals green profusely spotted black burgundy,<br />
pouch heavily overlaid dark burgundy, substance<br />
heavy, texture waxy.<br />
OW 12.1 cm, DSW 8.1 cm, PW 2.8 cm, VSW 3.4<br />
cm, STEM 40 cm.<br />
Owner: Bryce Augustine<br />
Bronze Awards<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
48
Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Goddess'<br />
(Paph William Ambler x Paph sanderianum)<br />
Point Score: 78.5<br />
Three flowers on a single stem. Yellow-green base<br />
color dorsal and ventral striped vertically with<br />
dark maroon. Petals broad at base elongating out<br />
and down to point. Petals spotted in maroon.<br />
Darker maroon spots along edges. Last half of<br />
petals light maroon. Pouch light yellow with<br />
cordovan brown overlay. Staminode light maroon<br />
with hairs along edge.<br />
OW 12.5cm, DSW 3.9cm, PW 2.0cm, VSW 3.7<br />
cm, STEM 28.5 cm.<br />
Owner: Bryce Augustine<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#1'<br />
(Phrag caudatum x Phrag wallisii)<br />
Point Score: 78.6<br />
Six flowers and 1 bud on two inflorescences.<br />
Sepals long, green with dark green tessellations.<br />
Petals 71 cm long, twisted and ranging from green<br />
at the base to bronze at the tip. Pouch beige with<br />
a green tint at the opening with brown spotting<br />
inside the tip. Column with brown tips.<br />
OW 5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 1 cm, VSW 5.4 cm,<br />
STEM 68 and 58 cm.<br />
Owner: Ventura Farms<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Cymbidium Tower of Fire 'Anya'<br />
(Cym Electric Ladyland x Cym Icho Tower)<br />
Forty-two flowers on four inflorescences.<br />
Flowers dark yellow overlaid with dark pink<br />
diffused striations. Lip yellow with red terminal<br />
band, column red, anther cap yellow.<br />
OW 10.5 cm, DSW 4.8 cm, PW 3.6 cm, VSW<br />
4 cm.<br />
Owner: Weegie Caughlan<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
49
Cymbidium Corakiwi 'Avril'<br />
(Cym Coraki x Cym devonianum)<br />
Point Score: 78.0<br />
Ninety nine flowers and thirty-eight buds on<br />
six inflorescences. Flowers pale greed overlaid<br />
with deep rose. Lip solid burgundy, anther cap<br />
white.<br />
OW 5.8 cm, DSW 2.3 cm, PW 2 cm, VSW 2<br />
cm.<br />
Owner: Eric Andreasen<br />
Cymbidium Doris Hirata 'Superstar'<br />
(Cym Lillian Fujimoto x Cym Mem. Amelia<br />
Earhart)<br />
Point Score: 79.8<br />
245 flowers and 12 inflorescences. Sepals<br />
and petals clear yellow-green, slightly blushed<br />
raspberry centrally, lip clear yellow, substance<br />
firm, texture matte.<br />
OW 5.8 cm, DSW 2 cm, PW 1.5 cm, VSW 2cm.<br />
Owner: Hatfield Orchids<br />
Paphiopedilum moquetteanum 'Monsoon<br />
Freckles' (species)<br />
Point Score: 77.8<br />
One large beautiful flower and two buds on a<br />
tall 41 cm spike. Pouch yellow base with green<br />
toward the back of pouch attachment. Soft rose<br />
pink on front of pouch with darker pink dots.<br />
Staminode apple green with brown triangular<br />
shield. Dorsal yellow green with burgundy<br />
dot running vertically petal light yellow with<br />
burgundy spotting twisting our from center.<br />
Edging of petals hirsute.<br />
No Measurements Reported.<br />
Owner: Bryce Augustine<br />
Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Oxnard'<br />
(Cym Lillian Fujimoto x Cym Ruby Pendant)<br />
Point Score: 77.5<br />
41 flowers on 2 inflorescences. Base color<br />
yellow with cordovan -brown overlay on sepals<br />
and petals. Lip cream yellow with cordovanbrown<br />
on front third. Very pleasing flowers.<br />
OW 5.8 cm, DSW 1.9 cm, PW 1.6 cm, VSW<br />
1.8cm.<br />
Owner: Hatfield Orchids<br />
Photograph courtesy L. Vierheilig<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
50
Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Monsoon<br />
Platinum Fall'<br />
(Phrag caudatum x Phrag wallisii)<br />
Point Score: 77.7<br />
Four flowers on one stem. Sepals long, green with<br />
dark green reticulations. Lateral petals twisted<br />
and ranging from green at the base to bronze<br />
at the tip. Pouch beige with a green tint at the<br />
opening<br />
OW 5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 1 cm, VSW 5.4 cm,<br />
STEM 71 cm.<br />
Owner: Bryce Augustine<br />
Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Hatfields'<br />
(Cym Lillian Fujimoto x Cym Ruby Pendant)<br />
Point Score: 77.3<br />
Ninety two flowers on four inflorescences.<br />
Sepals and petals reddish brown with darker<br />
striations centrally; lip cream with maroon-red<br />
on lower edge and maroon blush on side lobes;<br />
nicely displayed flowers on pendulous spikes<br />
OW 5.3 cm, DSW 1.9 cm, PW 1.3 cm, VSW<br />
1.8cm.<br />
Owner: Hatfield Orchids<br />
Cymbidium Mad Cindy 'Hatfields'<br />
(Cym Cindy Lou x Cym madidum)<br />
Point Score: 77.4<br />
5<strong>04</strong> flowers and 5 buds on 14 inflorescences.<br />
Petals and sepals cream colored overlaid with<br />
even light green; petals blushed pink on inner<br />
one fourth; lip lighter green on lower half, pink<br />
blush on inner half with bright yellow centrally.<br />
OW 4.3 cm, DSW 1.4 cm, PW 1.4 cm, VSW<br />
1.3cm.<br />
Owner: Hatfield Orchids<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy L. Vierheilig<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Cymbidium Alcor 'Sorella'<br />
(Cym simulans x Cym canaliculatum)<br />
Point Score: 77.4<br />
250 flowers and 96 buds on 5 inflorescences.<br />
Base color yellow with russet brown overlay.<br />
Edges of petals and sepals pale yellow. Lip<br />
russet brown with yellow callus, lip rolls under.<br />
OW 3.4 cm, DSW 0.35 cm, PW 0.7 cm, VSW<br />
0.8cm.<br />
Owner: Sorella Orchids<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
51
Cymbidium Fifington 'My Van'<br />
(Cym Fifi x Cym Ernest Heatherington)<br />
Point Score: 77.2<br />
Twenty eight flowers and 1 bud on one<br />
inflorescence. Overall color mustard yellow<br />
with very light reddish brown blush, lip bright<br />
yellow with front of lip red, column has red<br />
blush.<br />
OW 7.8 cm, DSW 2.8 cm, PW 2.3 cm, VSW<br />
3.0 cm.<br />
Owner: Ha Bui<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#2' (Phrag caudatum<br />
x Phrag wallisii)<br />
Point Score: 77.0<br />
Seven flowers and 1 bud on two inflorescences.<br />
Sepals long, green with dark green reticulations.<br />
71 cm petals twisted and ranging from green at<br />
base to bronze at the lip. Pouch beige with a<br />
green tint at the opening and brown spotting<br />
inside the lip.<br />
OW 5 cm, DSW 3.0 cm, PW 1 cm, VSW 5.4<br />
cm, STEM 74 and 61 cm.<br />
Owner: Ventura Farms<br />
Paphiopedilum Voodoo Eyes 'Monsoon<br />
Fire Gem - 1'<br />
(Paph Awasubih's Firewood x Paph Ruby<br />
Voodoo)<br />
Point Score: 76.7<br />
One flower, dorsal sepal red, with deeper red<br />
vertical striation. Petals green centrally fading<br />
quickly to deep red. Pouch mahogany<br />
OW 10.5cm, DSW 6.8cm, PW 2.5cm, VSW<br />
2cm, STEM 35.5 cm.<br />
Owner: Bryce Augustine<br />
Cymbidium Geno's Gem 'Shortstop'<br />
(Cym Mad Hatter x Cym Kalimpong)<br />
Point Score: 76.3<br />
Seventy-two flowers and six buds on four<br />
inflorescences, flowers light green sepals and<br />
petals tinged with bronze distally. Lip solid<br />
burgundy<br />
OW 4.8 cm, DSW 1.9 cm, PW 1.4 cm, VSW<br />
2.0cm.<br />
Owner: Joseph Santy<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
52
Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny'<br />
(Cym Touchstone x Cym Vogelsang)<br />
Point Score: 75.3<br />
One hundred flowers and two hundred sixtytwo<br />
buds on twelve inflorescences. Flowers<br />
burgundy, lip dark burgundy-red, anther cap<br />
white.<br />
OW 5.0 cm, DSW 1.6 cm, PW 1.3 cm, VSW<br />
1.5 cm.<br />
Owner: Eric Andreasen<br />
Paphiopedilum Rebecca Sloniker 'Rebecca'<br />
(Paph Shin-yi Pulsar x Paph sukhakulii)<br />
Point Score: 77.9<br />
One flower on single stem. Flower green, dorsal<br />
sepal with mahogany spotting centrally, petals<br />
strong mahogany, mid-line and mahogany<br />
markings waning toward dorsal edge. Pouch<br />
golden-green with moderate mahogany spotting<br />
interior. Texture crystalline, substance firm.<br />
OW 12cm, DSW 7.5cm, PW 2.5cm, VSW 2.5<br />
cm, STEM 28.0 cm.<br />
Owner: Jim Sloniker<br />
Paphiopedilum Wonder Jack 'Rebecca'<br />
(Paph Jack Straw x Paph Lippewunder)<br />
Point Score: 77.3<br />
One flower on one stem, vini-color. Top of<br />
petals pebbled and extremely dark as is center<br />
of the dorsal sepal. Edges of dorsal and bottom<br />
of petals fade to a wine color. Pouch with a<br />
medium sheen<br />
OW 11.5cm, DSW 9.2cm, PW 5.5cm, VSW 5.7<br />
cm, STEM 16.0 cm.<br />
Owner: Jim Sloniker<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Photograph courtesy A. Pinkers<br />
Cultural Award<br />
Cymbidium Langleyense 'Hatfields'<br />
(Cym lowianum x Cym devonianum)<br />
Point Score: 85.0<br />
378 flowers and 72 buds on 18 inflorescences.<br />
A very well grown primary hybrid grown in a<br />
two gallon pot. Sepals and petals olive green,<br />
lip cream with a distinctive dark red "V" on the<br />
front of the lip.<br />
OW 4.3 cm, DSW 1.4 cm, PW 1.4 cm, VSW<br />
1.3cm.<br />
Owner: Hatfield Orchids<br />
Photograph courtesy L. Vierheilig<br />
53
New Orchid Hybrids<br />
July - September 2015 Registrations<br />
Supplied by the Royal Hotricultural Society as International Cultivar Registration Authority<br />
for Orchid Hybrids. (O/U = Originator unknown)<br />
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Cymbidium<br />
All on Black Cym. Bill Guest x Cym. Shocking Guest<br />
All on Red Cym. Bill Guest x Cym. Prized Guest<br />
Amok in Kent Cym. Red Sox x Cym. Ruby Eyes A.Easton<br />
Australian Trinity Wall Trinity Rah x Cym. Amber Wall Australian O.N.<br />
(Keith Wallace)<br />
Autumn Cherry Cym. Sundaani Autumn x Cym. Australian Cherry P.J.Hockey<br />
Bas du Marais Cym. Mont Nicholle x Cym. Demie de Pas E.Young O.F.<br />
Beauvoir<br />
Cym. Mont des Louannes x Cym. Memoria Patsy Bauman<br />
E.Young O.F.<br />
Belvedere Cym. Coupe Point x Cym. La Rosiere E.Young O.F.<br />
Cadillac Era Cym. End of an Era x Cym. Pink Cadillac P.J.Hockey<br />
Chemin de Herupe Cym. Rocco Tower x Cym. Glowing Sands E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin de la Cauchie Cym. Colomberie x Cym. Green Glass E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin de Louziere Cym. Mont Gavey x Cym. Cotil Point E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin de Monts Cym. Olympic Podium x Cym. Havre des Pas E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin de Noirmont Cym. Tower of Gold x Cym. Avranches E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin de Portelet Cym. Coupe Point x Cym. Yamanashi Fire E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin des Cotils Cym. Maufant x Cym. La Fosse E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin des Landes Cym. Beauport x Cym. La Fosse E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin des Maltieres Cym. Paternoster x Cym. Demie de Pas E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin des Mielles Cym. Coupe Point x Cym. Pontac E.Young O.F.<br />
Chemin des Signaux Cym. Paradise Wonder x Cym. Wonder Arc E.Young O.F.<br />
Cherry Liqueur Cym. Chilli Pepper x Cym. Australian Cherry P.J.Hockey<br />
Clarence Flame Cym. Apache Flame x Cym. Foxfire Amber T.S.Bird (G.Giles)<br />
Corn Cob Cym. Hush x Cym. Eight Giants Guest<br />
Cuellette de Grantez Cym. Mont Sejour x Cym. La Fosse<br />
E.Young O.F.<br />
Cuellette de Leoville Cym. Avranches x Cym. Demie de Pas E.Young O.F.<br />
Delightful Cym. Three Sixes x Cym. Jessie’s Delight P.J.Hockey<br />
Dollabill Cym. Dolly x Cym. Sleeping Bill Bailey Orchidpeople<br />
Equinox<br />
Cym. Shirley May Walker x Cym. Sleeping Bill Bailey<br />
Orchidpeople<br />
Gold Rules Cym. Valerie Absolonova x Cym. Golden Rule A.Easton<br />
Good as Gold Cym. Gustav Mehlquist x Cym. Beau Guest Villa Orchids<br />
Green Diamond Cym. Kimberley Winter x Cym. Kimberley Valley Devon Meadows<br />
(C.Gillespie)<br />
E.Young O.F.<br />
Cym. Sundaani Autumn x Cym. dayanum [simonsianum]<br />
P.J.Hockey<br />
Hougue de Geonnais Cym. Mont Gavey x Cym. Memoria Patsy Bauman<br />
Legacy Day<br />
Magic Lady Cym. Kirby Lesh x Cym. Flaming Magic Devon Meadows<br />
(C.Gillespie)<br />
Marion Leggo Cym. Darch Christmas Joy x Cym. Beau Guest S.Guest<br />
Marmalade’s Cleo Cym. Marmalade x Cym. Cleo’s Melody P.J.Hockey<br />
Mem. Lynton Connor Cym. Darch Adventure x Cym. Hazel Fay P.J.Hockey<br />
Mindbender Cym. Valerie Absolonova x Cym. Red Beauty Orchidpeople<br />
Nancy Wake Cym. Lowio-Mastersii x Cym. Zales-goeringii A.Easton<br />
Orange Sunrise Cym. Hazel Fay x Cym. Gloria Streeter A.R.Napper<br />
Paradisian Choice Cym. Sleepy Sarah x Cym. Sarah Jean Paradisia Nurs.<br />
Photharam Sparkle Cym. Golden Elf x Cym. rectum P.Sungwiwek<br />
Regal Princess Cym. Kirby Lesh x Cym. Regal Flames Devon Meadows<br />
(C.Gillespie)<br />
54
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Cymbidium (cont.)<br />
Rich Peter Cym. Billion Dollar Baby x Cym. Peter Pan A.Easton<br />
Sandy Butter Cym. Sandy Peter x Cym. Butter Brickle A.Easton<br />
Sandy Peter Cym. Peter Kipnis x Cym. Summer Sands A.Easton<br />
Shining Rule Cym. Golden Rule x Cym. Enzan Shining A.Easton<br />
Shoot Cecil Cym. Parish Laird x Cym. Golden Tiger A.Easton<br />
Sundaani Anzac Cym. End of an Era x Cym. Anzac Gold P.J.Hockey<br />
Sundaani Cascade Cym. Jessie’s Delight x Cym. Seven Waterfalls P.J.Hockey<br />
Sundaani Cherry Cym. Australian Cherry x Cym. Olympic Luck P.J.Hockey<br />
Sundaani Surprise Cym. Australian Cherry x Cym. Lilly Jean P.J.Hockey<br />
Sundaani’s Pepper Cym. Chilli Pepper x Cym. Happy Star P.J.Hockey<br />
Tenasserim Cym. Koh-Hou x Cym. aloifolium P.Sungwiwek<br />
Terms of Endearment Cym. Parish Elf x Cym. Falling Passion A.Easton<br />
Via Cherry Cym. Australian Cherry x Cym. Via Paradise P.J.Hockey<br />
Zales Diamond Cym. Zales-goeringii x Cym. Falling Passion A.Easton<br />
Zola Cym. Sundaani Autumn x Cym. Via Paradise P.J.Hockey<br />
Cypripedium<br />
None<br />
Paphiopedilum<br />
Avalon Delight Paph. Nike’s Sunny Delight x Paph. Avalon Mist J.Fang<br />
Black and Hari Paph. Harrisianum x Paph. Black Beauty Orchids Ltd[MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Brian Finstad Paph. Platy Swith x Paph. Norito Hasegawa Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Carol Beule Paph. primulinum x Paph. S. Gratrix H.Koopowitz<br />
Cascading Henry Paph. Cascading Pink x Paph. henryanum Lehua<br />
Castle Minowa Crystal Paph. Yerba Buena x Paph. Optimus Prime S.Kikuchi<br />
Castle Sumiyoshi Paph. Sorcerer’s Stone x Paph. Elfin Moon S.Kikuchi<br />
Charlies Pulsar Paph. Pulsar x Paph. charlesworthii H.Koopowitz<br />
(Orchid Zone)<br />
Churchill’s Tiger Paph. Winston Churchill x Paph. Tamil Tiger Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Circular World Paph. Small World x Paph. Hoopla G.Decker<br />
(Ratcliffe)<br />
Cocoa Burmotto Paph. In-Charm Circle x Paph. Enzan Motto Cocoa<br />
Cocoa Elegant Rouge Paph. Enzan Winston’s Vale x Paph. In-Charm Circle Cocoa<br />
Complex World Paph. Amazing World x Paph. Circular World G.Decker<br />
(Ratcliffe)<br />
Crimson World Paph. Personality x Paph. Thunder World Green Note<br />
Dark Skies Paph. Pair O’ Jacs x Paph. callosum H.Bauch<br />
De Brebant Paph. delenatii x Paph. Petits Sablon E.Young O.F.<br />
Fantastic Ranfan Paph. Fanaticum x Paph. Norito Hasegawa K.Ueda<br />
Fred’s Pink Pride Paph. Friedrich von Hayek x Paph. Kiwi Charm Lehua<br />
Fred’s Wonder Paph. Mr Wonderful x Paph. Friedrich von Hayek Lehua<br />
Golden Coat Paph. rothschildianum x Paph. Dollgoldi S.Kikuchi<br />
Grand Session Paph. Via Mesa Grande x Paph. Professional Green Note<br />
Hamlet’s Illusion Paph. Super Illusions x Paph. Hamlet’s Quest Lehua<br />
Hellion Redhill Paph. Izayoi Pink Panther x Paph. Paeony K.Ueda<br />
Irmi Brown Paph. Pedro’s Moon x Paph. gardineri Cramer<br />
Jewel Memories Paph. Jewel Green x Paph. Memoria Jeffrey Ma Lehua<br />
Kerli Cramer Paph. Gary Romagna x Paph. chamberlainianum Cramer<br />
Krull’s Flaming Peacock Paph. Krull’s Donna Brown x Paph. Ponkan’s Ebony Krull-Smith<br />
La Vallette Paph. delenatii x Paph. Knob Mochizuki E.Young O.F.<br />
Jewel Memories Paph. Jewel Green x Paph. Memoria Jeffrey Ma Lehua<br />
Kerli Cramer Paph. Gary Romagna x Paph. chamberlainianum Cramer<br />
55
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Paphiopedilum (cont)<br />
Krull’s Flaming Peacock Paph. Krull’s Donna Brown x Paph. Ponkan’s Ebony Krull-Smith<br />
La Vallette Paph. delenatii x Paph. Knob Mochizuki E.Young O.F.<br />
Little Cassie Paph. Little Stevie x Paph. charlesworthii H.Koopowitz<br />
Little Olivia Paph. Hsinying Garnet x Paph. Whimsical H.Koopowitz<br />
Little Zdilla Paph. Mary Zdilla x Paph. helenae [delicatum] Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Luna Spots Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Spots Galore Lehua<br />
Magenta R. Quartet Paph. Ho Chi Minh x Paph. Lola Bird K.Ueda<br />
Martian Emperor Paph. Pacific Shamrock x Paph. Martian Man Orchid Zone<br />
Memoria Sandy Song Paph. Isabel Booth x Paph. niveum<br />
K.Kimmerle<br />
Mini Moon Paph. Josie’s Gold x Paph. Lunar Bell Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Minowa Effect Paph. Novisphere x Paph. Pacific Ocean S.Kikuchi<br />
Minowa Elegance Paph. Ice Age x Paph. Todd Clark S.Kikuchi<br />
Minowa Legend Paph. Elfin Star x Paph. Pacific Shamrock S.Kikuchi<br />
Minowa Snow Paph. Memoria Toshikazu Takahashi x Paph. Giantstone S .Kikuchi<br />
Miya Winning Spots Paph. Flight Jack x Paph. Kimura’s Dream T.Ozawa<br />
Miya Yellow Dress Paph. Peter Toshio x Paph. Jolly Green Gem T.Ozawa<br />
Miyabi Mariko Paph. Yadorigi x Paph. Memoria Sabrina Mark N.Izumi<br />
Mont Suzanne Paph. Mont Sejour x Paph. godefroyae E.Young O.F.<br />
Odette on High Paph. Odette’s Glory x Paph. Superb Fred Lehua<br />
Odette’s Desire Paph. Odette’s Spell x Paph. Petula’s Magic Lehua<br />
Odette’s Flair Paph. Odette’s Fred x Paph. Petula’s Flame Lehua<br />
Oriental Wolf Paph. Oriental Jewel x Paph. Dire Wolf Lehua<br />
Parish Amble Paph. William Ambler x Paph. parishii Lehua<br />
Payakka Kodkod Paph. thaianum x Paph. concolor T.Saisavoey<br />
(C. Piyachat)<br />
Payakka Snow Leopard Paph. Doctor Jack x Paph. Wellesleyanum T.Saisavoey<br />
(C. Piyachat)<br />
Peter Toshio Paph. Peter Black x Paph. Memoria Toshio Miyata T.Ozawa (O/U)<br />
Petula’s Glamor Paph. Love Song x Paph. Petula’s Magic Lehua<br />
Petula’s Darkness Paph. Petula’s Ghost x Paph. Petula’s Song Lehua<br />
Petula’s Moon Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Lady Petula Lehua<br />
Place Marche Paph. Saint Ouen x Paph. La Fosse E.Young O.F.<br />
Pot of Gold Paph. Pacific Shamrock x Paph. armeniacum Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Purple Spice Paph. liemianum x Paph. spicerianum Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Racer`s Gate Paph. Avenger x Paph. Emerald Gate S.Kikuchi<br />
Robin Anne Paph. Bianka x Paph. rothschildianum S.Kikuchi<br />
Shirokane Paph. White Queen x Paph. Optimus Prime M.Yamazaki<br />
Shun-Fa Rainbow Paph. Shin-Yi Heart x Paph. Hsinying Rocket Shun Fa Orchids<br />
Spicy Candy Paph. Coconut Candy x Paph. spicerianum Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Spring Fever Paph. Spring Moonbeam x Paph. Duguesclin Lehua<br />
Spring Jewel Paph. Spring Moonbeam x Paph. Luna Jewel Lehua<br />
Spring Venus Paph. Spring Moonbeam x Paph. venustum Lehua<br />
Stone Throw Paph. stonei x Paph. Fumimasa Sugiyama Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
Stoned<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Paph. Wilhelmina’s Stone x Paph. sanderianum Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Struber Zwerg Paph. thaianum x Paph. Pinocchio Cramer<br />
Terry Stone Paph. Stone Lovely x Paph. Terry Jarvi Orchid Zone<br />
Tristar Liger Paph. Gloria Naugle x Paph. Otogozen Taiwan Tristar<br />
Tristar Red Dream Paph. Liberty Taiwan x Paph. bellatulum Taiwan Tristar<br />
Tropical Flair Paph. S. Gratrix x Paph. acmodontum S.Kikuchi<br />
Tropical Storm Paph. Acclamation x Paph. Gridlock J.Fang<br />
Venus Memories Paph. Memoria Nicholas Hamann x Paph. venustum Lehua<br />
Victoria’s Passion Paph. victoria-mariae x Paph. lowii Lehua<br />
56
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Paphiopedilum (cont)<br />
Yumi Lussier Paph. Clubber Lang x Paph. Saint Swithin R.Lussier<br />
Phragmipedium<br />
Bagatelle Phrag. Moulin de Nicholle x Phrag. Jersey E.Young O.F.<br />
Chateau Clairval Phrag. besseae x Phrag. Casselman River E.Young O.F.<br />
Earth Song Phrag. Stairway to Heaven x Phrag. wallisii Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Elfin’s Amulet Phrag. Jerry Dean Fischer x Phrag. hirtzii J-P.Faust<br />
Elfin’s Delight Phrag. Grande x Phrag. Raymonde Faust J-P.Faust<br />
Elfin’s Firecracker Phrag. Jean-Pierre Faust x Phrag. Michel Tremblay J-P.Faust<br />
Elfin’s Grace Phrag. Saint Peter x Phrag. Twilight J-P.Faust<br />
Elfin’s Spell Phrag. Conchiferum x Phrag. hirtzii J-P.Faust<br />
Elfin’s Wings Phrag. hirtzii x Phrag. schlimii J-P.Faust<br />
Farfadet’s Charms Phrag. hirtzii x Phrag. Praying Mantis J-P.Faust<br />
Farfadet’s Smile Phrag. Jerry Dean Fischer x Phrag. longifolium J-P.Faust<br />
Faust’s Delice Phrag. Taras x Phrag. exstaminodium J-P.Faust<br />
Faust’s Fascination Phrag. caricinum x Phrag. exstaminodium J-P.Faust<br />
Faust’s Vision Phrag. wallisii x Phrag. exstaminodium J-P.Faust<br />
Highway to Hell Phrag. Stairway to Heaven x Phrag. humboldtii Orchids Ltd [MN]<br />
(R-J.Quené)<br />
Lilja Myhre Phrag. Rosalie Dixler x Phrag. caudatum B.Myhre<br />
(A.Manrique)<br />
Memoria HR Giger Phrag. Jason Fischer x Phrag. Sunset Glow H.Bauch<br />
Normand Faust Phrag. Sorcerer’s Apprentice x Phrag. Elizabeth Castle J-P.Faust<br />
Petit Aleval Phrag. andreettae x Phrag. Fremont Point E.Young O.F.<br />
Petit Felard Phrag. andreettae x Phrag. Petits Sablon E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine de Coin Phrag. Anne Port x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine de la Croiserie Phrag. andreettae x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine de la Queruee Phrag. La Vingtaine x Phrag. Leslie Garay E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine des Marais Phrag. La Vingtaine x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine des Mathias Phrag. Sunset Glow x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine des Pigneux Phrag. Rouge Bouillon x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine du Douet Phrag. Nicholle Tower x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
57
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Cymbidium<br />
New Orchid Hybrids<br />
October - December 2015 Registrations<br />
Supplied by the Royal Hotricultural Society as International Cultivar Registration Authority<br />
for Orchid Hybrids. (O/U = Originator unknown)<br />
Ahchoo Cym. Coratea x Cym. Sleeping Pepper Royale Orch.<br />
(A.Easton)<br />
Apache Blaze Cym. Lunar Blaze x Cym. Apache Flame Carter & Gardiner<br />
(Keith Wallace)<br />
Australian Sunshine Cym. Foxfire Amber x Cym. Ginger Wall Australian O.N.<br />
Ave Maria Cym. Eastern Fabulous x Cym. Valerie Absolonova A.Easton<br />
Barrita Clarity Cym. President Wilson x Cym. Barrita Pear Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Crushed Cym. Kulnura Jewel x Cym. Krista’s Gold Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Cutlass Cym. Emerald Glory x Cym. Rembrandt Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Eminence Cym. Lunar Flame x Cym. Wild Goose Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Fall Cym. Krista’s Pearl x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Flame Cym. Spicy Khan x Cym. Barrita Garnet Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Floss Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant x Cym. Sylva Atom Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Garnet Cym. Rustic Tones x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Joy Cym. President Wilson x Cym. Kulnura Angel Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Lemonade Cym. Phyllis Diller x Cym. Sylvakiss Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Magic Cym. Spicy Khan x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Mirage Cym. Kulnura Zingy x Cym. Barrita Shamrock Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Pastel Cym. Masao Toya x Cym. Sylva Atom Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Peace Cym. Kulnura Alchemy x Cym. Joan’s Charisma Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Pear Cym. Culpaulin x Cym. Golden Fantasy Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Pillar Cym. Barrita Garnet x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Poise Cym. Tony McCartney x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Princess Cym. Kulnura Alchemy x Cym. Kulnura Angel Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Pyromania Cym. Barrita Garnet x Cym. Kulnura Freedom Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Ridge Cym. Khan Flame x Cym. Kulnura Star Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Shamrock Cym. Dorama x Cym. Trinity Hall Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Storm Cym. Kulnura Jewel x Cym. Khan Flame Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Barrita Valentine Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant x Cym. Barrita Lemonade Barrita (S.Barrie)<br />
Betty Vance Cym. Anna Szabo x Cym. Globetrotter R.Tucker<br />
Blazing Flame Cym. Wyong Flame x Cym. Pepper Blaze Carter & Gardiner<br />
(Keith Wallace)<br />
Bone China Cym. Falling Passion x Cym. Minuet A.Easton<br />
Canned Dolly Cym. canaliculatum x Cym. Dolly Royale Orch.<br />
Carlos Arango Cym. Joan’s Charisma x Cym. Yellow River A.Easton<br />
Doctor Seton Cym. Fifi x Cym. ensifolium A.Easton<br />
Empress Dan Cym. Arkles Bay x Cym. Valley of Death R.Tucker<br />
Enzan Alex Tiger Cym. Tiger Tail x Cym. Alexanderi Flourish Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Angelica Cym. Shine Musely x Cym. Lady Fire Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Beauty Oberon Cym. Sylvan Spring x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Blue Rain Cym. Shining Fire x Cym. Enzan Summer Rain Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Breezeway Cym. Lovely Breeze x Cym. Yamanashi Spring Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Brite Cym. Yamanashi Mood x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Bronze Tiger Cym. Tiger Tail x Cym. Enzan Rhapsody Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Cape Cym. Cape Candy x Cym. Insignigrinum Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Charm Bunny Cym. Eastern Beauty x Cym. Eastern Bunny Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Church Hill Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Classic Tears Cym. Enzan Mermaid x Cym. Classic Tyers Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Daybreak Cym. Lovely Breeze x Cym. Brenda’s Movie Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Fine Cym. tortisepalum x Cym. Alexanderi Mukoyama<br />
58
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Cymbidium<br />
Enzan Foot of Mountain Cym. goeringii x Cym. erythrostylum<br />
Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Lady Love Cym. Lady Masquerade x Cym. Khai Loving Fantasy Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Late Spring Cym. Little Ice x Cym. Enzan Spring Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Lia Cym. tortisepalum x Cym. lowianum Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Long Tail Cym. Tiger Tail x Cym. Khai Falcon Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Lovely Breeze Cym. Lovely Song x Cym. Lovely Breeze Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Lovely Shine Cym. Yamanashi Mood x Cym. Shine Spring Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Lovely Song Cym. Earlisue x Cym. Khai Loving Fantasy Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Loving Fantasy Cym. Yamanashi Forest x Cym. Khai Loving Fantasy Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Method Cym. Shining Rainbow x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Mol Special Cym. Radiant Oberon x Cym. Shining Fire Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Moody Guy Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Enzan Santa Mukoyama<br />
Enzan My Dream Cym. Sylvan Street x Cym. Sylvan Khan Mukoyama<br />
Enzan New Leaves Cym. Eastern Venus x Cym. goeringii Mukoyama<br />
Enzan New Odyssey Cym. Enzan Prime x Cym. Odysseus Bay Mukoyama<br />
Enzan New Utopia Cym. Enzan Utopia x Cym. Lovely Spring Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Niobean Girl Cym. Niobe Venus x Cym. Lovely Breeze Mukoyama<br />
Enzan North Devon Cym. Enzan Devon x Cym. Enzan Santa Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Odyssean Cym. Enzan Lucky x Cym. Odysseus Bay Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Old Church Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Enzan Mermaid Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Old Sylvania Cym. Lovely Spring x Cym. Sylvan Spring Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Orb Hoosailum Cym. Enzan Red Nymph x Cym. Eastern Bunny Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Orb Rainbow Cym. Santa Rainbow x Cym. Radiant Oberon Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Passion Cym. Koushu Mood x Cym. Hybrid Ignota Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Pink Tiger Cym. Tiger Flourish x Cym. Tiger Fire Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Polar Panch Cym. Santa Valley x Cym. Sylvan Khan Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Prime Cym. Eastern Prime x Cym. Tiger Fire Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Prime Place Cym. Enzan Princess x Cym. Eastern Prime Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Red Nymph Cym. Hoosailum x Cym. Wood Nymph Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Roaming Cym. x nishiuchianum x Cym. Koushu Delight Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Strawberry Cym. Radiant Oberon x Cym. Lovely Spring Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Summer Rain Cym. Golden Star x Cym. Summer Rain Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Sylvana Cym. Sylvan Spring x Cym. Paros Paradise Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tears Cym. Koushu Santa x Cym. Koushu Tyers Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tiger Wood Cym. Enzan Bronze Tiger x Cym. Tigri’s Lady Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tigereye Cym. Tigri’s Lady x Cym. Tiger Fire Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tigerism Cym. Tigri’s Delight x Cym. Eastern Beauty Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tinny Bag Cym. Tigri’s Lady x Cym. Eastern Prime Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tinny Silver Cym. Tiger Insigne x Cym. Eastern Prime Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Tinny Wilson Cym. Tigri’s Wilson x Cym. Tigri’s Delight Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Trabant Cym. Lady Fire x Cym. tracyanum Mukoyama<br />
Enzan Valley Magic Cym. Koushu Peter Pan x Cym. Magic Valley Mukoyama<br />
Enzan White Valley Cym. Santa Valley x Cym. Lovely Breeze Mukoyama<br />
Fatih Ureten Cym. Mighty Tracey x Cym. Topless Karen A.Easton<br />
Fiery Rosie Cym. Rosanna Shaw x Cym. Yamanashi Fire A.Easton<br />
Firetail Flame Cym. Alexandra’s Flame x Cym. Red Vampire A.J.Price<br />
(T.Hughes)<br />
Flash of Gold Cym. Helen Tangcay x Cym. Jessica Dubroff A.R.Napper<br />
Flash Pearl Cym. Flash Fire x Cym. Summer Pearl A.Easton<br />
Frigdaas Tiny Cym. Eastern Bunny x Cym. sinense FRIGDAAS<br />
Frigdaas Velvet Cym. Frigdaas Jin Dorothy x Cym. aloifolium FRIGDAAS<br />
Gainsville Glory Cym. Parish Elf x Cym. Swamp Fire A.Easton<br />
Green Fox Cym. Green Glass x Cym. Foxfire Angel R.Tucker<br />
Heathcliff Cym. Kate Bush x Cym. Esmeralda Royale Orch.<br />
(A.Easton)<br />
Honey Child Cym. Green Zenith x Cym. Boopedoop Royale Orch.<br />
Kate Bush Cym. Sleeping Beauty x Cym. Sussex Moor Royale Orch.<br />
(A.Easton)<br />
59
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Cymbidium<br />
King Khan Cym. Khan Fury x Cym. Flaming Vulcan Carter & Gardiner<br />
(Keith Wallace)<br />
King Tut Cym. Memoria Merv Dunn x Cym. Pharaoh’s Gold Royale Orch.<br />
Kiwi Trace Cym. Green Fox x Cym. Tracey Reddaway R.Tucker<br />
Kumano Snow Cym. insigne x Cym. tortisepalum Mukoyama<br />
Laramie Angel Cym. Kuranulla x Cym. Joan’s Angel T.Poulton<br />
(Bryants)<br />
Laramie Beauty Cym. Khan Flame x Cym. Hungarian Beauty T.Poulton<br />
Laramie Blaze Cym. Hypno Beauty x Cym. Pepper Blaze T.Poulton<br />
(Bryants)<br />
Laramie Butter Cym. Lemon Butter x Cym. Laramie Joy T.Poulton<br />
Laramie Eliza Cym. Ovens Valley x Cym. Merimbula Beach T.Poulton<br />
(B.Blackley)<br />
Laramie Szabo Cym. Khan Flame x Cym. Kimberley Szabo T.Poulton<br />
Laramie Winter Cym. Lemon Butter x Cym. Kimberley Winter T.Poulton<br />
Peats Ridge Burning Cym. Trinity Gold x Cym. Nancy Montgomery Royale Orch.<br />
Red Eye Special Cym. parishii x Cym. Tethys Royale Orch.<br />
(A.Easton)<br />
Red Rock Cym. James Tee Kirk x Cym. Pebbles A.Easton<br />
Regent Khan Cym. Valley Regent x Cym. Lancashire Khan A.J.Price (K<br />
Shake your Booty Cym. Valley Zenith x Cym. Boopedoop Royale Orch.<br />
(Black)<br />
South Col Cym. Sir Edmund Hillary x Cym. Winter Wonder R.Tucker<br />
Teeny Weeny Cym. erythraeum [longifolium hort.] x Cym. devonianum Royale Orch.<br />
Topless Karen Cym. Top Girl x Cym. Karen A.Easton<br />
Wily Devon Cym. Wyalong x Cym. devonianum A.Easton<br />
Cypripedium<br />
Antonin Binovess Cyp. himalaicum x Cyp. cordigerum H.Pinkepank<br />
Henri Pinkepank Cyp. Kathleen Anne Green x Cyp. Lothar Pinkepank H.Pinkepank<br />
Lukas Cyp. parviflorum var pubescens x Cyp. segawai U.von Rad<br />
Pünktchen und Anton Cyp. wardii x Cyp. reginae H.Pinkepank<br />
Paphiopedilum<br />
Alpenflora Paph. armeniacum x Paph. F. C. Puddle Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
April Luck Paph. Ronez Point x Paph. Stone Lovely Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Arabian Moon Paph. Royal Dear x Paph. Via Virgenes A & P Orch.<br />
Arco Magic Paph. Arco Magic Pulsar x Paph. Hung Sheng Magic Arco Orch.<br />
Arco Magic Pulsar Paph. Magic Flame x Paph. Pulsar Arco Orch.<br />
Bajazzo World Paph. Bajazzo x Paph. Junior World Shun Fa Orchids<br />
Barbara’s Joy Paph. Memoria Barbara Duncan x Paph. President Fred Lehua<br />
Barbara’s Song Paph. Memoria Barbara Duncan x Paph. Love Song Lehua<br />
Beau de Beaujolais Paph. Red Wonder x Paph. Winston Churchill A & P Orch.<br />
Beaver Paph. Lady Luck x Paph. Lippewunder Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Bindiliscious Paph. Cavalese x Paph. Pacific Glen A & P Orch.<br />
Blushing Lass Paph. Hellas x Paph. Buena Bay A & P Orch.<br />
Bob’s Bean Paph. Happy Tweed x Paph. Mahaska A & P Orch.<br />
Calimom Paph. Spring Hills x Paph. Stone Lovely Lehua<br />
Charmed Paph. Chardmoore x Paph. Anja A & P Orch.<br />
Charmingly Stoned Paph. Stone Lovely x Paph. In-Charm Topaz Lehua<br />
Cocoa Olive Paph. Jollix Land x Paph. spicerianum Cocoa<br />
Cocoa Star Hunting Paph. Yi-Ying Twinkling Stars x Paph. Enzan Red Hunting Cocoa<br />
Crown of Churchill Paph. Mayhill x Paph. Hama Chilwin A & P Orch.<br />
60
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Paphopedilum (cont.)<br />
Donvischilum Paph. concolor x Paph. leucochilum S.Donvisitavon<br />
Ebony Wisp Paph. Massachusetts Valor x Paph. Prime Vintage A & P Orch.<br />
Emala Pop Paph. Polpier x Paph. Laila Emami A & P Orch.<br />
Embassy Suite Paph. Memoria Sabrina Mark x Paph. Fort Collins Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Exquisitely Wood Paph. Spots Galore x Paph. Wood Wonder Lehua<br />
Farafra Horizon Paph. Mustafa’s Frosty Lemon x Paph. Arabian Moon A & P Orch.<br />
Favorlang Iridescent Clouds Paph. Yi-Ying Colorful Clouds x Paph. Knight’s Niveum Yi-Lung Shen<br />
Favorlang Pinky Promise Paph. Hama Chilwin x Paph. Knight’s Niveum Yi-Lung Shen<br />
Favorlang Pioneer Paph. wenshanense x Paph. Yi-Ying Colorful Clouds Yi-Lung Shen<br />
Favorlang Rose Paph. Hama Chilwin x Paph. wenshanense Yi-Lung Shen<br />
Fcf’s Ballet Shoes Paph. rhizomatosum x Paph. charlesworthii Yunnan FCF<br />
Firetrail Paph. Jenna Marie x Paph. Fire Bolt Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Forest Person Paph. Frolic Person x Paph. Olympic Forest T.Sekimura<br />
Fred’s Fantasy Paph. Friedrich von Hayek x Paph. Luna Magic Lehua<br />
Frolic Person Paph. World Frolic x Paph. Personality T.Sekimura<br />
Full Swing Paph. Pulse Gate x Paph. bellatulum Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Georg Mintye Paph. Paeony x Paph. malipoense G.Dankmeyer<br />
(Orchideen Koch)<br />
Goodwin Paph. Goodstart x Paph. Winston Churchill A & P Orch.<br />
Great Adventure Paph. Oil Painting x Paph. Adventure World Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Gunhilt Cramer-Money Paph. lowii x Paph. Pinocchio<br />
Cramer<br />
Harlequin Vale Paph. Gigi Moore x Paph. Sylvan Vale A & P Orch.<br />
Hilda Handayani Paph. Domenica x Paph. micranthum H.Tan (Robertson<br />
Orch.)<br />
Ice Belle Paph. Ice Castle x Paph. bellatulum Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Icily Stoned Paph. Icy Icy Wind x Paph. Stone Lovely Lehua<br />
Island Charm Paph. In-Charm Topaz x Paph. Hsinying Island Lehua<br />
Jollix Key Paph. Jollix x Paph. Golden Key Shun Fa Orchids<br />
Judith M. Huner Paph. niveum x Paph. Vanguard M.R.Runyan<br />
(O/U)<br />
Krull’s Jerry Vinson Paph. Hsinying Web x Paph. Maruven Krull-Smith<br />
Leaping Geraldine Paph. Leaping Leopard x Paph. Geraldine Lehua<br />
Louvre Paph. Oil Painting x Paph. Acclamation Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Lovely Bay Paph. Buena Bay x Paph. In-Charm Lovely R.Vernon<br />
Macabre Glamor Paph. Macabre Lady x Paph. Spots Galore Lehua<br />
Macabre in Pink Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Magically Macabre Lehua<br />
Madelyn Gisele Lee Paph. Gege Hughes x Paph. Double Up B.Mark<br />
(Orchid Zone)<br />
Memoria Norma Barton Paph. Taiwan x Paph. Lady Isabel<br />
61<br />
L.T.Vickers<br />
(G.Bell)<br />
Montclair Veil Paph. Montclair King x Paph. Satin Veil Lehua<br />
Mood Music Paph. Magic Mood x Paph. Emerald Crown Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Music Paph. Amandahill x Paph. Hamana Anne Yamato-Noen<br />
(O/U)<br />
Mustafa’s Allure Paph. Robert’s Red Rover x Paph. Valwin A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Blushtan Paph. Gigi Moore x Paph. Mooncrest A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Earnest Endeavor Paph. Mustafa’s Allure x Paph. Ernest Hetherington A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Flambeau Paph. In-Charm Hamavin x Paph. Luther Pass A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Java Paph. Claro Javier x Paph. Anja A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Plume Paph. Gigi Moore x Paph. Anja A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Sparkles Paph. Massachusetts Valor x Paph. Luther Pass A & P Orch.<br />
Mustafa’s Web Paph. Mint Chocolate x Paph. rothschildianum A & P Orch.
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Paphiopedilum (cont.)<br />
Nara So Paph. Yuk Rubeshibe x Paph. White Jewel H.Tan<br />
Night Museum Paph. Mish Sunlight x Paph. Amanda Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Noyo’s Dark Prince Paph. micranthum x Paph. Prince Edward of York K.F.Barrett<br />
(H.Burkhardt)<br />
Orange Peel Paph. Lippewunder x Paph. Stone Lovely Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Pacafic Crown<br />
Paph. Emerald Crown x Paph. Pacific Shamrock Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Peace Sign Paph. F. C. Puddle x Paph. leucochilum A & P Orch.<br />
Petit Lantern Paph. Akishigure x Paph. helenae Mochizuki Orch.<br />
Pink Ghost Paph. Magic Pink x Paph. Macbeth’s Ghost Lehua<br />
Point Well Made Paph. Winston Churchill x Paph. Massachusetts Red A & P Orch.<br />
Pop Around Paph. Sprinkled Ink x Paph. Round About A & P Orch.<br />
Presidential Moon Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. President Fred Lehua<br />
Puli Key Paph. Irish Moss x Paph. Jollix Key Shun Fa Orchids<br />
Raingreen’s Charm Paph. charlesworthii x Paph. wardii J.Hill (T.Nguyen)<br />
Raingreen’s Crimson Paph. Incantation x Paph. Magic Cherry J.Hill (T.Umbour)<br />
Raingreen’s Delight Paph. Double Delight x Paph. Duguesclin J.Hill (T.Umbour)<br />
Raingreen’s Garnet Paph. Maude Raven x Paph. henryanum J.Hill<br />
Raingreen’s Ginger Paph. Duguesclin x Paph. Singing Minstrel J.Hill (T.Umbour)<br />
Raingreen’s Gusto Paph. Incantation x Paph. callosum J.Hill (T.Umbour)<br />
Raingreen’s Ruddy Paph. Incantation x Paph. Black Buddha J.Hill (T.Umbour)<br />
Raingreen’s Treasure Paph. sukhakulii x Paph. Concon Bell J.Hill<br />
Raspberry Rose Paph. delenatii x Paph. Tristar Mabo A & P Orch.<br />
Red Bar Belle Paph. Hama Chilwin x Paph. Massachusetts Valor A & P Orch.<br />
Red Feather Paph. Queen of Hearts x Paph. Massachusetts Valor A & P Orch.<br />
Red October Paph. Countryside x Paph. Ruby Touchstone Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Red Rouge Paph. Red Spring x Paph. California Girl Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Red Wonder Paph. Emala Pop x Paph. Prime Vintage A & P Orch.<br />
Revelation of Fall Paph. Vlad’s Goblet x Paph. Hama Chilwin A & P Orch.<br />
Robert’s Red Rover Paph. Carl Keyes x Paph. Via Tierra Linda A & P Orch.<br />
(R.D.Jones)<br />
Roundabout Paph. Speckled Dawn x Paph. Bindiliscious A & P Orch.<br />
Seedigy XOXO Paph. Paris x Paph. William Ambler J.Lawson<br />
Senne Traumwandler Paph. Hsinying Lightyear x Paph. Ambiente<br />
62<br />
A.Richardt<br />
(Roellke Orch.)<br />
Shave Ice Paph. Doctor’s Favorite x Paph. Ice Castle Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Shun-Fa Weber Paph. Shin-Yi Weber x Paph. Shin-Yi Remus Shun Fa Orchids<br />
Shun-Fa World Paph. Bajazzo World x Paph. Junior Exploit Shun Fa Orchids<br />
Speckled Dawn Paph. Bindiliscious x Paph. Wineva A & P Orch.<br />
Sprinkled Ink Paph. Winston Churchill x Paph. Hamana Mach A & P Orch.<br />
Stonehenge Paph. Emerald Lake x Paph. Sorcerer’s Stone Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Summer Moon Paph. Royal Flush x Paph. Dear Irene A & P Orch.<br />
Sunshade Paph. Emerald Moon x Paph. Sorcerer’s Stone Yamato-Noen<br />
(H.Sugiyama)<br />
Tea Party Paph. Parry Gripp x Paph. Acclamation Yamato-Noen<br />
(F.Sugiyama)<br />
Tomoaki Kubo Paph. philippinense x Paph. emersonii T.Kubo<br />
Tomoaki Oyamada Paph. Ookama Spot x Paph. Parry Gripp T.Sekimura<br />
True Vino Paph. Red Shift x Paph. Mustafa’s Radiant Red A & P Orch.<br />
Veritas Paph. Sea Cliff x Paph. Althea Lehua<br />
Vessel of Life Paph. Point Well Made x Paph. Goodstart A & P Orch.<br />
Vinchilla Paph. Orchilla x Paph. Prime Vintage A & P Orch.<br />
Vlad’s Goblet Paph. Tree of Beauty x Paph. Valwin A & P Orch.
Name Parentage Registered by<br />
Paphiopedilum (cont.)<br />
Voodoo Wonder Paph. Voodoo Magic x Paph. Wood Wonder C.Whitby<br />
(Tokyo O.N.)<br />
Wineyes Paph. Mustafa’s Old Noir x Paph. Valwin A & P Orch.<br />
Winning Twice Paph. Mustafa’s Allure x Paph. Winston Churchill A & P Orch.<br />
Winston’s Blood Paph. Bloodline x Paph. Winston Churchill Lehua<br />
Wonderful Moon Paph. Luna Magic x Paph. Mr Wonderful Lehua<br />
World Busby Paph. Busby x Paph. Small World T.Sekimura<br />
Phragmipedium<br />
Anthony Omeis Phrag. Spot On x Phrag. Pink Panther Woodstream<br />
(W.Goldner)<br />
Asendorf Rose Phrag. Pink Panther x Phrag. fischeri H.Bauch<br />
Boulder River Phrag. hartwegii x Phrag. Spot On Woodstream<br />
(W.Goldner)<br />
Catel de Lecq Phrag. Beaulieu x Phrag. besseae E.Young O.F.<br />
Cherry Run Phrag. longifolium x Phrag. Imagine Woodstream<br />
(A.Omeis)<br />
Elfin’s Freckles Phrag. Sorcerer’s Apprentice x Phrag. Sparkling Chablis J-P.Faust<br />
Faust’s Elegance Phrag. longifolium x Phrag. andreettae J-P.Faust<br />
Faust’s Magic Phrag. Wössner Supergrande x Phrag. Michel Tremblay J-P.Faust<br />
Faust’s Revelation Phrag. Taras x Phrag. humboldtii [warszewiczii] J-P.Faust<br />
La Rousse Phrag. Beauvoir x Phrag. fischeri E.Young O.F.<br />
Little Deschutes Phrag. Lynn Evans-Goldner x Phrag. Bullseye Woodstream<br />
(W.Goldner)<br />
Merced River Phrag. Fireworks x Phrag. Grande Woodstream<br />
(W.Goldner)<br />
Petite Piquere Phrag. Petite Queillette x Phrag. Fremont Point E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine de Grantez Phrag. Vingtaine du Roquier x Phrag. besseae E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine de Leoville Phrag. Peruflora’s Cirila Alca x Phrag. Fremont Point E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine de Vinchelez Phrag. Vingtaine du Roquier x Phrag. Eumelia Arias E.Young O.F.<br />
Vingtaine du Roquier Phrag. Jersey x Phrag. kovachii [peruvianum] E.Young O.F.<br />
Donors<br />
to The <strong>CSA</strong><br />
The <strong>CSA</strong> <strong>Journal</strong><br />
and The Color Fund<br />
Thank you to all those who have contributed<br />
in the fourth quarter of <strong>2016</strong><br />
Your generous gifts are greatly appreciated.<br />
Eric Andreasen<br />
Golden Gate Branch<br />
in memory of Gina Velardi<br />
Gold Coast Cymbidium Growers<br />
In memory of Ernest Hetherington<br />
63
<strong>2016</strong> Cumulative Index<br />
Volume 16, Issue Numbers 1 though 4<br />
Article Index<br />
A<br />
Ask the Experts .....................No.3 p.6<br />
............................. No.4 p.13<br />
C<br />
Cherry Shower: The Cymbidium with Three<br />
Names, Cymbidium<br />
—Weegie Caughlan ............. No.3 p.17<br />
Cymbidiums, Random Thoughts on Hybridizing<br />
and Growing<br />
—Bob Harris ..................No.2 p.19<br />
Cymbidium Cherry Shower: The Cymbidium<br />
with Three Names<br />
—Weegie Caughlan ..............No.3 p.17<br />
Cymbidium Congress Report, 41st Annual<br />
−Heidi Kirkpatrick ............No.1, p.20<br />
Cymbidium Parishii, Regained<br />
—Emma Menninger ............ No.4 p.30<br />
<strong>CSA</strong> Awards .......................No.1 p. 36<br />
.............................No.4 p.45<br />
Cumulative Index, <strong>2016</strong> ........... No.4 p.65<br />
D<br />
Duffer's Corner: Flower Genes<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. ........No.3 p.31<br />
Duffer's Corner: How to Make More Orchids<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. .........No.2 p.27<br />
Duffer's Corner: The Spike Broke Off<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. .........No.1 p.33<br />
Duffer's Corner: You can't tell the Players<br />
Without a Program–Part 1<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. .........No.4 p.39<br />
F<br />
Flower Genes, The Duffer's Corner<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.d. . ........No.3 p.31<br />
G<br />
Grand Monarch, the Mystery of the<br />
—Randall Robinson, Ph.D.. . . . . . . No.3 p.20<br />
Growing Cymbidiums the Barrita Way<br />
—Scott Barrie .................No.3 p.12<br />
Growing Cymbidiums, Random Thoughts<br />
—Bob Harris ...................No.2 p.1<br />
H<br />
Hetherington, Ernest, In Memoriam<br />
—Paul Gripp ....................No.4 p7<br />
How to Grow the Toyoran Beautifully<br />
—Dr. Yasushi Hirano ............No.2 p.7<br />
How to Make More Orchids, The Duffer's<br />
Corner<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. .........No.2 p.27<br />
M<br />
Memoriam, Ernest Hetherington, In<br />
—Paul Gripp ...................No.4 p.7<br />
Memoriam, Tony Velardi, In<br />
—Weegie Caughlan ..............No.1 p.6<br />
Mystery of the Grand Monarch<br />
—Randall Robinson, Ph.D.. . . . . . . No.3 p.20<br />
N<br />
New Orchid Hybrids<br />
April –June 2014 ...............No.1 p.39<br />
July – September 2014 ...........No.2 p.33<br />
October –December 2014 ........No.2 p.35<br />
Jan–March 201 ................No.3 p.36<br />
April–June 2015 ...............No.3 p.40<br />
July–September 2015 ............No.4 p.54<br />
October–December 2015 ........No.4 p.59<br />
O<br />
Oriental Cymbidiums, Propagation of<br />
—Holger Perner ................ No.4 p.18<br />
P<br />
Paphiopedilum Guild Meeting, 60th<br />
−Phyllis Prestia, Ed. D. ...........No.1 p.8<br />
Parishii Regained<br />
—Emma Menninger ............No.4 p.30<br />
Parish's Cymbidium, The Rev.<br />
—Wm. Jeff Trimble ..............No.4 p34<br />
Phragmipedium kovachii hybrids - Dominance in<br />
Recessive Genes<br />
—Jason Fischer ................ No.2 p.17<br />
Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums<br />
—Holger Perner ................ No.4 p.18<br />
64
R<br />
Random Thoughts on Hybridizing and Growing<br />
Cymbidiums<br />
—Bob Harris ..................No.2 p.19<br />
Rev. Parish's Cymbidium, The<br />
—Wm. Jeff Trimble .............No.4 p.34<br />
S<br />
Santa Barbara International Orchid Show, <strong>2016</strong>,<br />
Selected Awards<br />
—Sylvia Darr ..................No.1, p.15<br />
Selected Awards at the <strong>2016</strong> Santa Barbara<br />
International Orchid Show<br />
−Sylvia Darr. .................. No.1 p.15<br />
Spike Broke Off, The Duffer's Corner<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. .........No.1 p.33<br />
T<br />
Toyoran, How to Grow Beatifully<br />
—Dr. Yasushi Hirano ............No.2 p.7<br />
V<br />
Velardi, Tony, In Memoriam<br />
—Weegie Caughlan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No 1 p.6<br />
Y<br />
You Can't Tell the Players Without a Program-<br />
Part 1<br />
—Andy Cameron, Ph.D. ........No.4 p.39<br />
Author Index<br />
B<br />
Barrie, Scott<br />
`Growing Cymbidiums the Barrita Way ......<br />
...............................No.3 p.38<br />
C<br />
Cameron, Andy Ph.D<br />
Duffer's Corner: The Spike Broke Off .......<br />
.............................No.1 p.33.<br />
Duffer's Corner: How to Make More Orchids.<br />
.............................No.2 p.27<br />
Duffer's Corner: Flower Genes ....No.3 p.31<br />
Duffer's Corner: You Can't Tell the Players ...<br />
Without a Program ..................No.4 p.39<br />
Caughlan, Weegie<br />
In Memoriam, Tony Velardi . ......No.1 p.6<br />
Cymbidium Cherry Shower: The Cymbidium<br />
with Three Names .................. No.3 p.17<br />
D<br />
Darr, Sylvia<br />
Selected Awards at the <strong>2016</strong> Santa Barbara<br />
International Orchid Show ............No.1 p15<br />
F<br />
Fischer, Jason<br />
Phragmipedium kovachii Hybrids –Dominance<br />
in Recessive Genes .................. No.2 p.17<br />
G<br />
Gripp, Paul<br />
In Memoriam: Ernest Hetherington . No.4 p.7<br />
H<br />
Hirano, Dr. Yasushi<br />
How to Grow the Toyoran Beautifully ......<br />
..............................No.2 p.7<br />
K<br />
Kirkpatrick, Heidi<br />
A Report on the 41st Annual Cymbidium<br />
Congress ........................ No 1 p 20<br />
M<br />
Menninger, Emma<br />
Parishii Regained ..............No.4 p.30<br />
P<br />
Perner, Holger<br />
Propagation of Oriental Cymbidiums ......<br />
............................No.4 p18<br />
Prestia, Phyllis Ed.D.<br />
60th. Phapiopedilum Guild Meeting .......<br />
..............................No.1 p.8<br />
R<br />
Robinson, Randall Ph.D.<br />
The Mystery of the Grand Monarch ......<br />
............................No.3 p.20<br />
T<br />
Trimble, Wm. Jeff<br />
The Rev. Parish's Cymbidium ....No.4 p.34<br />
Color Illustration Index<br />
Cymbidium<br />
Cymbidium Alcor 'Sorella' B/<strong>CSA</strong> .......No.4 p.51<br />
Cymbidium Alexandra Allen 'Cheeky' ...No.1 p 17<br />
Cymbidium Alexandra Allen .......... No.1 p.18<br />
Cymbidium Assassination Tango 'Fires of Spring' ..<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.38<br />
Cymbidium Autumn Crisp 'Geyserland' . No.1 p.18<br />
Cymbidium Balkis 'Silver Orb' ..........No.4 p.10<br />
Cymbidium Betty Vance 'Nessie' ........No.4 p.46<br />
Cymbidium Carol Rogers 'Hatfields' ....No.1 p.36<br />
Cymbidium Cherry Shower. ............No.3 p.17<br />
Cymbidium China Cat Sunflower .......No.2 p.20<br />
Cymbidium Corakiwi 'Avril' B/<strong>CSA</strong> ......No.4 p.50<br />
Cymbidium Devon Parish 'Dark Eyes'. . . . . No.4 p.36<br />
Cymbidium devonium hybrid ............No.4 p.13<br />
Cymbidium Don's Delight 'Diane' ....... No.1 p.16<br />
Cymbidium Doris Hirata 'Superstar' .............<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 front cover, No.4 p.50<br />
Cymbidium Dryad ...................No.4 p.35<br />
Cymbidium eburneum .................No.3 p.25<br />
Cymbidium ensifolium .................No.3 p.33<br />
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Cymbidium ensifolium 'Noble Lotus' ......No.4 p.25<br />
Cymbidium Erica Sander ...............No.3 p.23<br />
Cymbidium Fareguard 'Verde Grande' ....No.1 p.18<br />
Cymbidium Fifington 'My Van' ..........No.4 p.52<br />
Cymbidium Fil-American Beauty . . . . . . . . No.3 p.19<br />
Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny'. . . . . . . . . No.4 p.53<br />
Cymbidium (Frances Aebi x Yowie Pepper).No.2 p.9<br />
Cymbidium Galette 'Lemon Meringue' ..No.1 p.36<br />
Cymbidium Geno's Gem 'Shortstop' ..... No.4 p.52<br />
Cymbidium Gladys Whitsel 'The Charmer'.No.4 p.36<br />
Cymbidium goeringii seedling ......No.4 pps.24, 25<br />
Cymbidium goeringii 'Benimaro' .....No.2 pps 7, 15<br />
Cymbidium goeringii 'Shinpi' .......... No.2 p.14<br />
Cymbidium Golden Elf ...............No.2 p.21<br />
Cymbidium Grand Monarch 'Exquisitum'<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 pps.20, 26, 30<br />
Cymbidium Hengduan's Isabell .........No.4 p. 27<br />
Cym. hookerianum, young seedlings in culture .....<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.19<br />
Cymbidium hookeranium 'Punctatum' .....No.3 p.22<br />
Cymbidium insigne 'Mem. Blair Miller' S/<strong>CSA</strong> ...<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.2 cover<br />
Cymbidium Irish Wind 'Yeah Right' .....No.4 p.46<br />
Cymbidium Isadore Rosenfeld ..........No.2 p.21<br />
Cymbidium John William Easton 'New Horizon'<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.48<br />
Cymbidium Johnny Cash 'Rosanne' .....No.1, p.17<br />
Cymbidium Khan Flame 'Aussie Bronze ..No.3 p.12<br />
Cymbidium King Arthur ..............No.2 p.22<br />
Cymbidium (King Arthur x sanderae 'Emma Menninger'<br />
...........................No.2 p.22<br />
Cymbidium Kiwi Snow 'Snowball' .......No.4 p.47<br />
Cymbidium Kulnara Show 'Pure Heaven' ..No.3 p.13<br />
Cymbidium Kulnara Sparkle ............No.3 p.16<br />
Cymbidium Kydan's Flame 'Redvale' .....No.4 p.46<br />
Cymbidium lancifolium, large leaf form ....No.4 p.23<br />
Cymbidium lancifolium, small leaf form ...No.4 p.22<br />
Cymbidium Langleyense 'Hatfields' ......No.4 p.53<br />
Cymbidium leaf with thrip damage .......No.4 p.14<br />
Cymbidium Leroys Hazel 'Aria' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . ..No.4 p.45<br />
Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Hatfields' .....No.4 p.51<br />
Cymbidium Lillians Ruby 'Oxnard' ......No.4 p.50<br />
Cymbidium Lowio-grandiflorum 'Clearview' . ......<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 p.23<br />
Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Heart of Gold' .<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.48<br />
Cymbidium macrorhizon ...............No.4 p.21<br />
Cymbidium Mad Cindy 'Hatfields' .......No.4 p.51<br />
Cymbidium Ming 'Pagoda' ............. No.1 p.16<br />
Cymbidium Nicole's Valentine 'Chika'. ... No.1 p.17<br />
Cymbidium Orange Sunrise 'Good Morning' B/<strong>CSA</strong>.<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.45<br />
Cymbidium parishii ..................No.4 p.30<br />
Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem Emma Menninger' x<br />
Aunty Violet) ......................No.4 p.36<br />
Cymbidium (parishii 'Mem. Emma Menninger' x<br />
James Toya) .......................No.4 p.37<br />
Cymbidium parishii var. Sanderae .....No.4 33, 34<br />
Cymbidium (Pink Ice x Regal Ruby) 'Hideko' .....<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.15<br />
Cymbidium Portuguese Passion ........No2. p.20<br />
Cymbidium Regent Khan 'Ozelworth' ...........<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .No.4 front cover, No.4 p.44<br />
Cymbidium Rosefieldense ......No.3 pps.24, 26, 30<br />
Cymbidium Royal Emerald ............No.2, p.23<br />
Cymbidium Ruby Lips ................No.2 p.20<br />
Cymbidium sanderae 'Emma Menninger ..........<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .No.2 pp. 22, 23<br />
Cymbidium (sanderae 'Emma Menninger' x Royal<br />
Emerald) ..........................No.2 p.23<br />
Cymbidium sinense 'Qui Hei' .......... No.1 p.16<br />
Cymbidium (Sleeping Nymph x Sleeping Bill Bailey)<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.2 p.20<br />
Cymbidium Spotted Leopard 'Royale' ... No.1 p.15<br />
Cymbidium Steve Cantrel 'Courage' ..... No.1 p.15<br />
Cymbidium Street Hawk ...............No.2 p.2<br />
Cymbidium Street of Gold ............No.2 p.21<br />
Cymbidium Sussex Court ..............No.3 p.19<br />
Cymbidium Sussex Court 'Not Peace' ....No.3 p.18<br />
Cymbidium Summer Nights ...........No.2 p.22<br />
Cymbidium tortisepalum album No.4 p.24<br />
Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum ......<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.26<br />
Cymbidium (tortisepalum var. longibracteatum x<br />
wenshanense) .....................No.4 26, 27<br />
Cymbidium Tower of Fire 'Anya' .......No.4 p.49<br />
Cymbidium tracyanum 'Atlantis' .........No.3 p.25<br />
Cymbidium Whitney Houston 'I Will Always Love<br />
You'. .............................. No.1 p.17<br />
Cymbidium Whitney Houston ......... No.1 p.18<br />
Cymbidium Wigianum 'Heaven Scent' ...No.3 p.25<br />
Cymbidium wenshanense .............No.4 p.26<br />
Dendrobium<br />
Dendrobium speciosum 'Equinox'. . . . . . . No.1 p. 19<br />
Other Genera<br />
Genoplesium archeri ...................No2 p.28<br />
Grammatocymbidium Pakkret Adventure . No.4 p.11<br />
Mystaciudium capense 'Carrie Chu' ..... No.4 p.17<br />
Ophrys speculum ....................No.2 p.27<br />
Paphiopedilum<br />
Paphiopedilum Be Happy 'Dots' x Paph. Pacific Shamrock<br />
'Sweet Pea' ..................... No.1 p.10<br />
Paphiopedilum Debbie Robinson 'Keith' ..........<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p. 44, back cover<br />
Paphiopedilum fairrieanum ............. No.1 p.11<br />
Paphiopedilum gratrixianum 'Violetta' .... No.1 p.13<br />
Paphiopedilum Hot Stuff 'Sundancer' .... No.4 p.47<br />
Paphiopedilum insigne .................No.,1 p.12<br />
Paphiopedilum Lady Isabel 'A-OK' .......No.1 p.38<br />
Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Goddess' .....<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.49<br />
66
Paphiopedilum Mable Marie 'Rocky Road'. No.1 p.19<br />
Paphiopedilum Millenium 'Diablo' x Paph. Rock 'n<br />
Roll 'Macky' ........................No.1 p10<br />
Paphiopedilum moquetteanum 'Monsoon Freckles' ...<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.3 back cover, No.4 p.50<br />
Paphiopedilum Pitch Blend 'Monsoon Perfect Pitch .<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.48<br />
Paphiopedilum Rebecca Sloniker 'Rebecca' .......<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.53<br />
Paphiopedilum rungsuryianum. .......... No.4 p.11<br />
Paphiopedilum Spring Wolf 'Jack' B/<strong>CSA</strong> . No.4 p.48<br />
Paphiopedilum villosum 'Big Boy' . ........No.1 p.11<br />
Paphiopedilum violescens 'OZ' ...................<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.38, No.2 back cover<br />
Paphiopedilum Voodoo Eyes 'Monsoon Fire Gem–1'<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.52<br />
Paphiopedilum Voodoo Wonder 'Shellnick Ruby' ..<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.45<br />
Paphiopedilum Wonder Jack 'Rebecca' ...No.4 p.53<br />
Phragmipedium<br />
Phragmipedium besseae ................No.1 p. 9<br />
Phragmipedium besseae 'Lang Ko' .........No.1 p.7<br />
Phragmipedium (Fritz Schomburg x Hanne Popow) .<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.2 p.18<br />
Phragmipedium Peruflora's Spirit 'Lady Ann'. .......<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.1 p.37<br />
Phragmipedium Robert-Jan Quene ...... No.2 p.18<br />
Phragmipedium Robert Jan Quene flavum. No.2 p.17<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Moonsoon Platinum Fall' .<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.51<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#1' ..........No.4 p.49<br />
Phragmipedium Tall Tails '#2' . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.52<br />
Phragmepedium villosum 'Evan'. ..........No.1 p.11<br />
Other Photographs<br />
Cross Section of a Cell Wall ..........No.1 p. 34<br />
Germination of Cym. goeringii in culture . No.4 p.19<br />
Germination of Cym. hookerianum in culture ......<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.19<br />
Misting piping in a shade house ........ No.4 p.16<br />
Mycorrhizomes of Cym goeringii under lights .....<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.20, 23<br />
Micorrhizomes of Cym tortisepalum in culture ....<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.4 p.23<br />
Olof Peter Swartz ...................No.4 p.40<br />
Schematic Diagram of a Cell Wall ......No.1 p.34<br />
Standard cymbidiums in a greenhouse. .. No.4 p.18<br />
The Cymbidium Society of America, Inc.<br />
A 501 (c)(3) Tax Exempt Organization<br />
www.cymbidium.org<br />
OBJECTIVES:To stimulate and extend the appreciation of Cymbidium,<br />
Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium, and other orchids grown outdoors in<br />
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and disseminate information concerning them and their culture.<br />
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Immediate Past President: Jeff Trimble<br />
Official <strong>CSA</strong> correspondence:<br />
Marron Honigman <strong>CSA</strong> President<br />
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408-807-9124<br />
67
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Registration includes:<br />
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Paph. Debbie Robinson 'Keith'<br />
(Paph. appletonianum x Paph. wardii<br />
<strong>CSA</strong>Silver 82 Points<br />
Waitakere Show, Kelston, New Zealand<br />
August 29, 2015<br />
Owner:Lesley Rockell<br />
Photo courtesy D. Chuah