Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Fuuran Fūran Furan |
風蘭 | ふうらん | Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata. Any V. falcata including standard wild plants and hybrids. Literal translation is "wind orchid". These two photos are wild fuuran found in Tottori City, Japan. |
Fuukiran Fūkiran Fukiran |
富貴蘭 | ふうきらん | Varieties of Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata which are registered in the Japan Fuukiran Society. Sometimes the unregistered V. falcata including wild plants and hybrids are called fuukiran but it is not suitable strictly speaking. Literally "Rich and valuable orchid". Click the above photos to see larger ones. |
Amami fuuran Amami fūran Amami furan |
奄美風蘭 | あまみふうらん | Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata found in Amami Islands are called "Amami fuuran". Those are sometimes simply referred to as "Amami" for short. Generally Amami fuuran are larger than other fuurans found in the other (northern) area of Japan. Sometimes seed propagated fuuran in Korea are called "Amami" as well because many Amami fuuran have been seeded in Korea, but this way of calling might cause confusion. Amami fuuran Amami Click the above photos to see larger ones. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Abareru | 暴れる | あばれる | Literally "behave wildly". A verb which describes that the way of the appearance of variegation is unstable: (i) the variegation pattern in one growth is hade on some leaves while jimi on the other leaves, or (ii) some growths have hade variegation while the others jimi in one clump. Also known as Areru (荒れる). |
Aburidora | 炙り虎 | あぶりどら | Literally "burning tiger variegation". The tiger variegation (tora fu) which appears under high light . A type of Aburigara (炙り柄). Figures 1 and 2 are an example of tora fu appearance under high and low light. Figure 1 shows an unnamed tora fu variety grown under high light condition. Clear tora fu can be seen. But, as shown in Fig. 2, after the same specimen was grown under low light for about 14 months, the tora fu disappeared and turned solid green. |
Aburigara | 炙り柄 | あぶりがら | Literally "burning variegation". The variegation which appears under high light. |
Aka Beni |
赤 紅 |
あか べに |
Red. The on'yomi reading of 赤 is "seki", e.g., 'Sekiryuu (赤龍)', which is rarely used in fuuran terms though. That of 紅 is "kou", e.g., 'Koukakuden (紅赫殿)' and 'Shinryuukou (神龍紅)'. Aka Beni |
Akabana Benibana |
赤花 紅花 |
あかばな べにばな |
Red flower. Sometimes the petals are pale pink or almost white. Akabana Benibana |
Akane | 赤根 | あかね | Red root tip. Note that this is not ruby root. The red color often includes muddy pigmentation, so this is often classified into Dorone. |
Akebono fu | 曙斑 | あけぼのふ | Literally "Dawn variegation". The color of a top leaf or a few new leaves is yellow or white, sometimes with a few green stripes (konjima), then it turns solid green as the leaf ages. E.g., 'Kinbotan' and 'Hakubotan'. Note that the variety 'Akebono (曙)' does not show Akebono fu. |
Amamikei | 奄美系 | あまみけい | Fuuran of Amami fuuran lineage. |
Anko | - | あんこ | Auctioneer. |
Ao Sei |
青 | あお せい |
Literally "blue", but actually sometimes means "green" in Japanese. For example, Aojiku (青軸, green stem), Aone (青根, green active root tip), and Aobana (青花, green flower). As a fuuran term, it is also used to non-variegated fuurans or non-variegated divisions from a variegated mother, e.g., 'Higuma no ao (羆の青)'. Cf. Garaochi. Note that the on'yomi reading of 青 is "sei". For example, 'Kiseigyoku (貴青玉)' and 'Kihousei (貴宝青)'. Ao |
Aobana Midoribana |
青花 緑花 |
あおばな みどりばな |
Green flower. The green flowers of several varieties sometimes turn to the standard white flowers (Shirobana) within a few days, which we call "Mikka midori (三日緑)" (Literally "three-day green"). Aobana Midoribana |
Aojiku Seijiku |
青軸 清軸 |
あおじく せいじく |
Green stem without anthocyanin pigmentation. Strictly speaking, the leaf sheaths covering the main stem is green. Some people may call the green stem Seijiku, where the kanji character 青 is replaced by 清 which means "clean". So the literal translation of Seijiku (清軸) is "clean stem". Aojiku Seijiku |
Aone | 青根 | あおね | Green root tip without anthocyanin pigmentation. The word "ao" is literally "blue" but often means "green". |
Areru | 荒れる | あれる | Literally "get coarse". A verb which describes that the way of the appearance of variegation is unstable: (i) the variegation pattern in one growth is hade on some leaves while jimi on the other leaves, or (ii) some growths have hade variegation while the other growths jimi in one clump. Also known as Abareru (暴れる). |
Ashi | 足 | あし | Leg (of a pot). See Fuuran diagram. |
Atari | 当たり | あたり | Literally "hit". This term describes a sprout on the stem which we can see (sometimes hidden) in a leaf sheath as shown in Fig.1. Usually an atari cannot be distinguished if it is a leaf bud or a flower bud, so the term generally indicates the two meanings. Note that atari is more often written in Katakana characters as "アタリ" than using Kanji and Hiragana characters in these days. In a narrow sense, atari means a leaf bud. In this case, Atari is a short for Meatari (芽当たり, literally "sprout hit"). This may come from a lottery because "atari" means "to win a lottery". In many cases, a leaf bud is much more desirable to many growers than a flower bud because one of the main objectives to grow fuuran is to make an artistic clump (especially regarding variegated varieties), or because the growers may be able to sell divisions (wariko) several years later. So the grower feels "lucky" when an atari is found to be a leaf bud. Be careful because the uncertainty of this term described above is sometimes badly used, especially on the internet auctions. Note that usually only one atari will come out from the inside of one leaf sheath. So other atari(s) will never come out from the position where a flower spike or an offshoot baby already came out. The leaf sheath at which a flower spike or an offshoot baby has not come out yet is referred to as 'Akibeya (空き部屋)' which means a vacant room. Very rarely, two ataris appear in one leaf sheath as shown in Fig. 2. Atari Meatari |
Azuki fu | 小豆斑 | あずきふ | Anthocyanin pigmentation on leaves. The direct translation is "adzuki bean variegation". See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzuki_bean. Usually this is not essential variegation but temporary one depending on growing conditions such as high light, low temperature and temperature difference. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Chiba | 稚葉 | ちば | Infant (baby) short leaves which come out at the beginning of the growth of a new baby. See Fuuran diagram. |
Chirifu Kasurifu |
散り斑 絣斑 |
ちりふ かすりふ |
Literally scattered variegation. Minute (short) lines or flecks are longitudinally scattered, sometimes minute green scatterings on variegated area, but sometimes minute variegation on green background. E.g., 'Fugaku' and 'Daishougun' Chirifu Kasurifu |
Chirifu jima | 散り斑縞 | ちりふじま | Literally "scattered variegation stripe". The chirifu-like stripe or stripe of chirifu. |
Chokutouba Chokutōba |
直刀葉 | ちょくとうば | Literally "straight sword leaf". A leaf shape characteristic where the leaf seen from the side of a plant looks almost straight or sometimes inversely curved (often called Kenba (剣葉) in this case, though). Sometimes the leaf width hardly changes from around the leaf base to around the leaf tip. In many cases, the plant will have standing leaves, but not always. |
Chouzaki Chōzaki |
蝶咲き | ちょうざき | Literally "Butterfly bloom". A flower with mutated sepals reminds us of a butterfly. The representatives are 'Benihichou (紅飛蝶)' and 'Kochou no mai (胡蝶の舞)'. This is called "Kochouzaki (胡蝶咲き)" in Shunran (春蘭) world. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Dai fukurin Fuka fukurin |
大覆輪 深覆輪 |
だいふくりん ふかふくりん |
Wide marginal variegation. The direct translation for Daifukurin is "big marginal variegation" and "deep marginal variegation" for Fukafukurin. Dai fukurin Fuka fukurin |
Daigoke | 台苔 | だいごけ | Core of moss mound or the moss which is used to make the core. Fuuran on daigoke This is the same video as "Repotting method" in Videos FYI section. |
Danzaki | 段咲き | だんざき | A kind of Yaezaki. The flower stem part to which the flower parts attach is longer than that of Yaezaki flowers, resulting in more floral parts and gorgeous appearance. |
Doro | 泥 | どろ | Literally "mud". Describing the muddy color, often used to the color of the leaf sheath surface around the stem (dorojiku) and the active root tip (dorone). |
Dorojiku | 泥軸 | どろじく | Mud-colored stem because of anthocyanin pigmentation. The standard fuuran has this stem color. The color has wide range between pale and dark. Sometimes brown spots like particles of mud appear. |
Dorone | 泥根 | どろね | Mud-colored root tip because of a combination of green and anthocyanin pigmentation. The standard fuuran has this root tip color. The color can range from greenish to dark brownish or dark reddish. The mud color is not always even along the actively growing part of the roots. For example, in case of Fig. 1, the graduation from greenish mud to brownish mud along the actively growing root tip part can be seen. Figure 3 shows an example of the pale mud roots which look like Aone (green root tip) at a glance. This pale mud is referred to as Doro wo kamu (泥を噛む). |
Doro wo kamu | 泥を噛む | どろをかむ | Literally "chew mud". A verb which indicates the pale or small muddy pigmentation on the stem area or active root tip. For example, when the stem area or the active root tips are almost green but colored muddy very palely or in very small area, we say "doro wo kamu, looking closely". |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Enbenka | 円弁花 | えんべんか | Flower with round petals. See Baibenka (梅弁花) for more details. |
Enbiba | 燕尾葉 | えんびば | Literally "swallow tail leaf". A leaf which is split into two, which looks like a swallow tail. |
Eri | 襟 | えり | Literally "collar". The area around a stem where leaf sheaths or leaf bases overlap. See Erigumi (襟組み). |
Eriawase Erigumi |
襟合わせ 襟組み |
えりあわせ えりぐみ |
Literally, "collar setting" for Eriawase and "collar arrangement" for Erigumi. The layers of leaf sheaths and leaf bases around a stem. This term comes from the overlapping collars of Kimono which is very neat. These two terms have the same meaning. Usually we say "Eriawase ga yoi" or "Erigumi ga yoi" (Literally "Eriawase or Erigumi is good") when the leaf sheaths and leaf bases are layered with regularity. See also Eri (襟). Eriawase Eriawase ga yoi Erigumi Erigumi ga yoi See Google image search results of 'Kimono Eri' (着物 襟). The collar of Kimono is found to be similar to the overlap of the leaf sheaths. |
Etsuke Etsukeshi |
絵付け 絵付師 |
えつけ えつけし |
Etsuke (literally "attach a picture") is to draw a picture on a pot by using enamel and paint brushes, and Etsukeshi (literally "a master of ataching a picture") is a painter. Mr. Satoru Fuse (布施覚氏) and Mr. Shinji Sugiura of Airakuen (愛楽園 杉浦慎治氏) are famous etsukeshi of nishikibachi (see also nishikibachi). Etsuke Etsukeshi |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Gakuhen | 萼片 | がくへん | Sepal. Usually fuuran has three sepals. See Fuuran diagram. |
Gara | 柄 | がら | Variegation pattern. Refer to Jougara (上柄) and Saijougara (最上柄). |
Garamono | 柄もの | がらもの | Literally "variegated thing". A variety of which variegation we mainly admire and enjoy. For example, 'Fuukiden', 'Ooemaru no shima', and 'Karanishiki'. |
Garaochi | 柄落ち | がらおち | Literally "pattern loss". That the variegation disappears, or a growth of which variegation disappeared. Strictly, the variegations were on old leaves but not on new leaves and then the growth itself turned to a solid green one (all leaves have turned solid green), which is distinguished from Ao (青) that have no variegations since its sprout time. But sometimes Garaochi and Ao are used in the same meaning. |
Gashi | 雅糸 | がし | Literally "elegant thread". Thread-like rises of leaf surface which look like keloid. The height of gashi is lower than kouryuu. |
Gei | 芸 | げい | Literal translation is "art", or figuratively "performance". Specific and unique characteristics of a variety, such as variegation, stem color, root tip color, flower etc. or their combination. Generally this term indicates the characteristics which differ from the standard ones. |
Genpei Genpei gara |
源平 源平柄 |
げんぺい げんぺいがら |
Literal translation of Genpei is "Genji and Heike" (see Genpei War). A variegation state where one longitudinal half of a leaf is entirely variegated with no chlorophyll and the other half is solid green with no variegation. Genpei gara = Genpei + Gara (see Gara). This state is an extreme case of hangara (半柄). The word genpei may come from that this unmixable state of green and white (or yellow) is similar to the relation beween Genji and Heike. Generally, the ghost baby growths (yuurei) often come out from the variegated side, while solid green growths (ao) often do from the solid green side. So genpei specimens are not desirable from the viewpoint of growth stability, and many Japanese collectors tend to avoid getting genpei specimens, which leads to lower price of genpei specimens. Genpei Genpei gara |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Ha -ba |
葉 | は -ば |
Leaf. See Fuuran diagram. Ha: kun'yomi (訓読み), -ba: kun'yomi with rendaku (連濁を伴う訓読み). For example, Haguri (葉繰り) and Himeba (姫葉). The on'yomi reading is "yō" just FYI. |
Hachi | 鉢 | はち | Pot. See Fuuran diagram. |
Hachioki | 鉢置き | はちおき | (i) A coaster. See Fuuran diagram. (ii) A rankake (蘭掛け). |
Hade Hadegara |
派手 派手柄 |
はで はでがら |
Literally "showy". To be showily variegated. Often the variegated area is wider than the green area. "Hadegara" is a showy variegation pattern or a plant which is variegated showily. This term is (i) usually used to describe the more variegated plants or leaves than standard ones of the cultivar, but (ii) sometimes refers to originally showy varieties comparered to other less variegated or humble-colored cultivars. In case of (i), usually hadegara plants are not prefered because those are often weak and slow growers, often put out offshoot babies without chlorophyll (yuurei), or furthermore, often themselves turn to yuurei growths. For several varieties such as 'Fugaku', 'Keiga' and 'Hakubotan', however, hadegara plants are desirable. Cf. Jimi. Hade Hadegara Figures 1 and 2 show the examples of more hade offshoot babies than the mother growth. Figure 3 is an example that a (mother) plant is gradually turning to a hadegara plant. Comparison between hade and jimi specimens of Nishidemiyako is shown in Figs. 4 - 6. |
Hadesaijou Hadesaijō |
派手最上 | はでさいじょう | Hade + Saijou. The finest variegation pattern (Saijou) but a bit shifted to hade side. Sometimes used to describe a hade plant favorably at auctions or in case that we have to speak well of a hade plant. Cf. Jimisaijou (地味最上). |
Hagasane | 葉重ね | はがさね | Literally "overlap of leaves". This term indicates the number of leaves which a growth retains. Usually we say "Hagasane ga yoi" (literally "Hagasane is good") when a plant has many leaves, which means the leaves can be retained for a long time. This term reminds us of "layer" of leaves, so it is often used for bean leaf plants which have many leaves. Hagasane often depends on growing conditions, so hobbyists usually want to find Hagasane ga yoi growing conditions. Hagasane Hagasane ga yoi |
Hagawari | 葉変わり | はがわり | Literally "leaf mutation". Fuuran which has mutated shape or form of leaves such as mameba, hariba, kouryuuba, and kuruiba. |
Haguri | 葉繰り | はぐり | Literally "to put out leaves". This term indicates (i)the number of leaves which a growth puts out per one year or (ii)the number of leaves which a growth retains. Usually we say "Haguri ga yoi" (literally "Haguri is good") --- for the case (i), when a growth puts out more leaves per a year than other fuuran plants. An example of this case is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Figure 2 is the same plant as Fig. 1 and was taken one year later. The red and orange arrows show the same leaves. Three leaves came out in one year, which is more than the standard case (about 2 leaves in one year). Usually this case includes the case (ii), i.e., we hardly use the term haguri ga yoi for plants which has standard number of leaves as a result that the number of emerging and falling leaves per a year are almost the same (occasionally there are varieties or specimens which haguri ga yoi but hamochi ga warui (see the note of Hamochi)), and for the case (ii), when a plant has many leaves, which means the leaves can be retained for a long time (see Fig. 3). Haguri often depends on growing conditions, so hobbyists usually want to find Haguri ga yoi growing conditions. Haguri Haguri ga yoi |
Hamochi | 葉持ち | はもち | Literally "retention of leaves". This term indicates the number of leaves which a growth retains. Usually we say "Hamochi ga yoi" (literally "Hamochi is good") when a plant has many leaves, which means the leaves can be retained for a long time; and "Hamochi ga warui" (literally "Hamochi is bad") for the opposite case. Hamochi often depends on growing conditions, so hobbyists usually want to find Hamochi ga yoi growing conditions. Hamochi Hamochi ga yoi Hamochi ga warui |
Hana -bana -ka |
花 | はな -ばな -か |
Flower. See Fuuran diagram. Hana: kun'yomi (訓読み), -bana: kun'yomi with rendaku (連濁を伴う訓読み), -ka: on'yomi (音読み). The reading depends on the word prefixed to 花, for example, Akabana (赤花) and Tairinka (大輪花). |
Hanagawari | 花変わり | はながわり | Literally "flower mutation". Fuuran which has mutated shape or form of flower such as 'Shunkyuuden', 'Hanamatsuri', 'Manjushage', and 'Soubiryuu'. |
Hanamono | 花もの | はなもの | Literally "flower thing". A variety of which flower we mainly admire and enjoy. For example, 'Shutennou', 'Hisui', and 'Shunkyuuden'. |
Hangara | 半柄 | はんがら | Literally "half pattern". A variegation state where one longitudinal half of a leaf is variegated and the other half is solid green with no variegation. An extreme case of hangara is genpei. |
Hariba | 針葉 | はりば | Literally "needle leaf". A leaf form which has narrow width and sharp tip like a needle. Or varieties of which leaves have this form. Usually its side-view shape is standing leaf. |
Hasugata | 葉姿 | はすがた | Shape of whole leaves. Same as "Kisugata". |
Hazeru | 晴ぜる | はぜる | Literally "become clear". A verb which describes the process of the change of the variegation brightness from dark to bright. For example, see Nochihaze (後晴ぜ) and Imahaze (今晴ぜ). Also known as Saeru (冴える). Cf. Kuramu (暗む). |
Himeba | 姫葉 | ひめば | Gradually curved (arced) leaf in the side view of the plant. The direct translation is "princess leaf". That leaves becomes arced is referred to as "Himeru". Himeba Himeru |
Hinshu Hinshumei |
品種 品種名 |
ひんしゅ ひんしゅめい |
Hinshu is a "variety" or "cultivar". Hinshumei is "variety name". For example, 'Fuukiden', 'Ooemaru no shima', 'Akausagi', and so on are hinshu and hinshumei, regardless of registration. Hinshu Hinshumei |
Hiroba | 広葉 | ひろば | Wide leaf. For example, 'Hiroba-Kinroukaku (広葉金鏤閣)' is a wide leaf type of 'Kinroukaku'. Cf. Hosoba. |
Hokku | 発句 | ほっく | Literally "starting verse". A starting price at an auction. Maybe this term comes from Japanese poem. Pronunciation 1: Pronunciation 2: |
Honba | 本葉 | ほんば | Mature leaf. See Fuuran diagram. |
Hongei | 本芸 | ほんげい | Literally "original art". The true cahracteristics (i.e., true gei) of a variety. Some specimens may not show the true characteristics of the variety but others do even if they are the specimens of the same variety. The specimens that show the true characteristics (i.e., hongei) are called "Hongeihin (本芸品)". Hongei Hongeihin |
Honshou Honshō Honshouhin Honshōhin |
本性 本性品 |
ほんしょう ほんしょうひん |
Original plants (species) found in the wild or divisions from the original plants. Cf. Mishou. Honshou Honshouhin |
Hoshizaki | 星咲き | ほしざき | Literally "star blooming". A characteristic where flowers, typically rokubenka, bloom upwards facing. E.g., 'Hoshiguruma (星車)', 'Kinboshi (金星)' and 'Aoboshi (青星)'. |
Hosoba | 細葉 | ほそば | Narrow leaf. For example, 'Hosoba-Kinroukaku (細葉金鏤閣)' is a narrow leaf type of 'Kinroukaku'. Cf. Hiroba. |
Hoya | 火屋 | ほや | Literally "fire house". Generally this word means a chimney of a (gas) lump or a lid of an incense burner. But as a word used in fuuran world, it indicates a netted metal wire cover which was used in old days to prevent damages caused by small animals such as mice or human carelessness. Now this is used as just an ornament of a display at a Show. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Jiai | 地合い | じあい | Surface texture of leaves. E.g., Kinuji (絹地). |
Jiku | 軸 | じく | Stem but usually covered with leaf sheaths. So, strictly speaking, we cannot see the true jiku. The term jiku actually means the leaf sheath surface around the stem. See Fuuran diagram. |
Jimi Jimigara |
地味 地味柄 |
じみ じみがら |
Literally "humble" or "quiet". To be subtly variegated. Often the variegated area is very small compared to the green area. "Jimigara" is a subtle variegation pattern or a plant which is variegated subtly. This term is (i) usually used to describe the less variegated plants or leaves than standard ones of the cultivar, but (ii) sometimes refers to originally modest varieties comparered to other more variegated or showy-colored cultivars. In case of (i), usually jimigara plants are more prefered than hadegara plants because jimigara plants can put out more hade babies than the mother fan in many cases. Note that the criterion for jimi or hade sometimes depends on the variety. Cf. Hade. Jimi Jimigara Figure 1 shows the example of more jimi mother growth than the lower left offshoot baby. Figures 2 and 3 are the examples of cultivars with originally quiet-colored (jimi) variegation. Comparison between jimi and hade specimens of Nishidemiyako is shown in Figs. 4 - 6. |
Jimisaijou Jimisaijō |
地味最上 | じみさいじょう | Jimi + Saijou. The finest variegation pattern (Saijou) but a bit shifted to jimi side. Sometimes used to describe a jimi plant favorably at auctions or in case that we have to speak well of a jimi plant. Cf. Hadesaijou (派手最上). |
Jougara Jōgara |
上柄 | じょうがら | Fine variegation pattern or a plant which has a fine variegation pattern among other specimens of the cultivar. In most cases, jougara is between jimigara and hadegara. Cf. Saijougara. |
Jougei Jōgei |
上芸 | じょうげい | Literally "high art". That the gei (specific and unique characteristics) of a variety appears with high quality. The specimens that show jougei are called "Jougeihin (上芸品)". Jougei Jougeihin |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Kaben | 花弁 | かべん | Flower petal. Usually fuuran has two petals. The term Kaben often means both the two petals and three sepals in daily conversations. See Fuuran diagram. |
Kabu Kabudachi |
株 株立ち |
かぶ かぶだち |
Specimens that have plural growths. A clump (though occasionally Kabu indicates one growth). Kabudachi reminds us of a larger clump than Kabu. Usually these terms indicate one plant that have plural growths, i.e., basically all the stems of the growths need to be connected in order to call a clump Kabu, though it is probable that we cannot check the stem connection in case of a very big clump. When a clump is group-planted or is divided under the planting material, we say not Kabu but Yoseue (寄せ植え), even if the group-planted specimens are the same variety. Cf. Ookabu and Kokabu. Kabu Kabudachi |
Kabutozaki | 兜咲き | かぶとざき | Literally "helmet bloom". A lip and two petals are normal but three sepals are difficult to open, so the flowers tend to be in half bloom with closed tips of the sepals or only the lip and petals may come out from between the petals. But eventually they often fully open. This type of flower looks like old Japanese war helmet which millitary commanders used in Sengoku Period. The representative veriety is 'Yatsufusa (八房)'. |
Kabuwake | 株分け | かぶわけ | To divide growths. This is the same video as "Dividing method" in Videos FYI section. |
Kai | 会 | かい | (i) Society, Association, Club. (ii) Meeting, Gathering, Party. (iii) Event such as Show, Sale, Auction. |
Kakei | 花茎 | かけい | Flower stem or peduncle. See Fuuran diagram. |
Kamaba | 鎌葉 | かまば | Literally "sickle leaf". A leaf shaped like a sickle when seen from the side of a plant. A type of Wankyokuba (湾曲葉), but only some (not all) leaves in a growth show the kamaba shape and the leaf width is narrow compared to other non-kamabas in the same growth. These photos are the same sample ('Masamune (政宗)') taken from different angles. The leaf indicated by a red arrow in each photo is the same leaf which shows the kamaba characteristic. Click the images to see larger ones. |
Kanreisha | 寒冷紗 | かんれいしゃ | Literally "cold and cool cloth". Shading cloth or cheesecloth. |
Kasurifu Chirifu |
絣斑 散り斑 |
かすりふ ちりふ |
Literally scattered variegation. Minute (short) lines or flecks are longitudinally scattered, sometimes minute green scatterings on variegated area, but sometimes minute variegation on green background. E.g., 'Fugaku' and 'Daishougun' Kasurifu Chirifu |
Katafukurin | 片覆輪 | かたふくりん | Literally "one side marginal variegation". The only half side of a leaf has the marginal variegation. |
Kawarimono | 変わりもの | かわりもの | Literally "strange thing". A fuuran different from the standard type of fuuran, regardless of its difference level. |
Kazaribachi Keshoubachi |
飾り鉢 化粧鉢 |
かざりばち けしょうばち |
Literally "decorative pot" and "make-up pot", respectively. Pots used to display such as Nishikibachi and Sukashibachi. Kazaribachi Keshoubachi The following two with Kiribako are made by Ms. Carol Helen Beule of First House Furnishings in USA. |
Kazaridai | 飾り台 | かざりだい | A decorative stand. Used to display. |
Kekomi Kekomi jima |
蹴込み 蹴込み縞 |
けこみ けこみじま |
Literally "kick-in" and "kick-in stripe". Stripes which are cutting into the green center from the leaf edge around leaf tip. Usually the stripe is much shorter than Kirikomi jima, so it does not reach the leaf joint. Kekomi Kekomi jima |
Kenba | 剣葉 | けんば | Literally "sword leaf". One of the leaf shapes seen from the side of a plant. The leaf which curves inversely, i.e., upwards. (Note that the leaves of standard fuuran curve downwards.) |
Kenjousen Kenjōsen |
堅条線 | けんじょうせん | Indented line or thin groove on the surface of leaf. Sometimes roots also can have Kenjousen (see 2.2.6-A4 Roots with Kenjousen (堅条線, indented lines)). |
Keshougoke Keshōgoke |
化粧苔 | けしょうごけ | Long fiber moss which wraps the root system. Also known as Uwagoke (上苔). See the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Ki | 木 | き | Literally "tree". As a fuuran term, this indicates figuratively a growth. We say "ii ki" (a good tree) for a specimen which have good variegation pattern or grown well. |
Ki | 黄 | き | Yellow. The on'yomi reading of 黄 is "ou" or "kou", e.g., 'Ougyokuden (黄玉殿)' and 'Kouunkaku (黄雲閣)'. |
Kibana | 黄花 | きばな | Yellow flower. The yellow color of the original speces is pale though hybrids are dark. Sometimes pale green at the beginning of the bloom, then turns dark yellow. Note that this term is not a variety name. |
Kiine | 黄根 | きいね | Yellow root tip which can range from pale greenish yellow to pale muddy yellow. Sometimes this is considered as a subcategory of Aone (green root tip) or Dorone (mud). |
Kinbuchi | 金縁 | きんぶち | Gold edge of the flange of a pot or a pot that has gold edge of the flange. See Fuuran diagram. Sometimes we use another word "Fuchikin (縁金)" for the same meanings. |
Kinuji | 絹地 | きぬじ | Smooth and fine texture on leaf surface like silk. The direct translation is "silk texture". |
Kiribako | 桐箱 | きりばこ | Paulownia box to put a decorative pot in. Usually the name of the pot, artist's sign, and artist's stamp can be seen on one side of the box. Often the box is fastened with a flat tie (see "How to knot a flat tie of kiribako" in Videos FYI section). |
Kirikomi fukurin | 切り込み覆輪 | きりこみふくりん | Marginal variegation with stripe called Kirikomi jima. The variegated margins are striped into the green center. The direct translation is "cut-in marginal variegation". Also known as Fukurin jima. |
Kirikomi jima | 切り込み縞 | きりこみじま | Stripes which are cutting into the green center from the leaf edge. The direct translation is "cut-in stripe". |
Kiri tora fu | 切り虎斑 | きりとらふ | Tiger variegation of which boundary between the variegated area and green background is clear. |
Kisugata | 木姿 | きすがた | Shape of a plant. Same as "Hasugata". |
Ko | 子 | こ | Child, (offshoot) baby, or young growth. See Fuuran diagram. |
Kobachi | 古鉢 | こばち | Old pots. Often water scales, stains, or cracks are on the pot surface, or sometimes broken pieces are pasted by using gold. But those are tasty and admirable as antique pots, which we say "Jidai ga noru (時代が乗る)" (literally "times ride on"). Note that this term is different from the term "小鉢" which is often used in the Bonsai field, has the same pronunciation, and means "small pot". Kobachi Jidai ga noru |
Kodakarazaki | 子宝咲き | こだからざき | Literally "child treasure bloom". Many flowers bloom side by side densely. |
Kokabu | 小株 | こかぶ | A small clump (not group-planted) in which some growths are. See Kabu. Cf. Ookabu. |
Kon | 紺 | こん | Literally "deep blue", but actually sometimes means "green" in Japanese. In fuuran world, it means "green" which is the same as the case of "Ao (青, blue)". For example, Konjima (紺縞, green stripe), Konpuku (紺覆, green margin), and Konsei (紺性, depth of green color). |
Kon ga noru Kon no nori Kon nori |
紺が乗る 紺の乗り 紺乗り |
こんがのる こんののり こんのり |
Kon ga noru: Literally "deep blue rides". Means that green area appears on leaves. For example, offshoot babies of "Fuukiden (富貴殿)" often come out without chlorophyll (yuurei), but several years later green center may appear, which we call Kon ga noru. Kon no nori and Kon nori: Conditions of appearance of green area on leaves. Both words have the same meaning. Literally "ride of deep blue" and "deep blue ride", respectively. When the green area is enough, we say Kon no nori ga ii (紺の乗りが良い, appearance of the green area is good) or Kon nori ga ii (紺乗りが良い). But if poor, Kon no nori ga warui (紺の乗りが悪い, appearance of the green area is bad) or Kon nori ga warui (紺乗りが悪い). Kon ga noru Kon no nori Kon nori Kon no nori ga ii Kon nori ga ii Kon no nori ga warui Kon nori ga warui |
Konji Konsei |
紺地 紺性 |
こんじ こんせい |
Depth of green color. Usually we use as "Konji ga tsuyoi" or "Konsei ga tsuyoi" for deep green (Green is strong if directly translated) and "Konji ga yowai" or "Konsei ga yowai" for light green (Green is weak). See Kon (紺). Konji Konsei Konji ga tsuyoi Konsei ga tsuyoi Konji ga yowai Konsei ga yowai |
Konjima | 紺縞 | こんじま | Green stripe. The word "Kon" is literally "dark blue" but often means "green". |
Konohagata | 木の葉型 | このはがた | Wide leaf which looks like a leaf of a broad-leaved tree. Lanceolate shape. E.g., 'Ooemaru no shima'. |
Konpe | - | こんぺ | Protrusions like "Konpeitou candy". As for Fuukiran, different tissues are included on a leaf, which looks like Konpeitou protuberances. |
Konpuku | 紺覆 | こんぷく | Green marginal variegation. This is an abbreviated term of "Kon fukurin (紺覆輪)". This word is often used by combining with "Nakasuke", i.e., "Nakasuke konpuku" or "Konpuku nakasuke". |
Konsei Konji |
紺性 紺地 |
こんせい こんじ |
Depth of green color. Usually we use as "Konsei ga tsuyoi" or "Konji ga tsuyoi" for deep green (Green is strong if directly translated) and "Konsei ga yowai" or "Konji ga yowai" for light green (Green is weak). See Kon (紺). Konsei Konji Konsei ga tsuyoi Konji ga tsuyoi Konsei ga yowai Konji ga yowai |
Kootome Kōtome Kootome saijou Kōtome saijō |
コート目 コート目最上 |
こーとめ こーとめさいじょう |
The origin of this term is unknown. The same meaning as Kushime jima (櫛目縞). Kootome saijou = Kootome + Saijou. These two terms, Kootome and Kootome saijou, have the same meaning. See Kushime jima (櫛目縞). Sometimes spelled as Koutome. Kootome Kootome saijou |
Koru Korime |
凝る 凝り芽 |
こる こりめ |
Koru: Literally "get stiff". A verb. To put out stunted short leaves. This phenomena is often caused by undesirable growing conditions such as a mismatch of the water hardness, a side-effect of over-fertilizing, a side-effect of an insecticide, a side-effect of a fungicide, and so on. Especially 'Seikai (青海)' is easy to koru. Korime: A stunted growth of which leaves are abnormally shorter than those of a normal growth. Sometimes the leaves get shorter suddenly or gradually though the plant was growing healthily till that time. And sometimes an offshoot baby comes out as a korime. Koru Korime |
Koshi | 腰 | こし | Literally "hip". The area of the leaf base shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Usually the leaf sheath is not included, but sometimes this term, in a broad sense, indicates the base of the plant, and the area of the leaf sheaths and around the leaf joints. |
Koshi fu | 腰斑 | こしふ | Literally "hip variegation". Variegation which appears on Koshi area (see the notation of the term Koshi). Koshi fu is classified into tora fu. Sometimes leaf sheaths are consistently variegated across the leaf joint (tsuke). |
Koshi ga hikui Koshi ga takai |
腰が低い 腰が高い |
こしがひくい こしがたかい |
When the angle of leaf sheath and of leaf around the leaf joint is small to the horizontal, we call it Koshi ga hikui. Literally "hip is low". This small angle brings the low position of koshi (see the notation of the term Koshi) especially of the lower leaves. On the other hand, if the angle is large, it's referred to as Koshi ga takai (literally "hip is high") because this large angle brings the high position of koshi. In many cases, Koshi ga takai varieties are tachi himeba (立ち姫葉). Note that these terms are rarely used for the standing straight leaf varieties. Koshi ga hikui Koshi ga takai An example of "Koshi ga hikui" variety: 'Unryuu no taki 雲龍滝'. An example of "Koshi ga takai" variety: 'Ten'yuu 天優'. |
Kouhai Kōhai Kouhaishu Kōhaishu |
交配 交配種 |
こうはい こうはいしゅ |
Kouhai is "crossing". The varieties obtained by crossing are called "Kouhaishu". But in the fuuran world, the word Kouhaishu is often used for hybridized varieties (i.e., hybrids) which include non-fuuran genes. Note that the hybrids are now being considered to be not suitable for registration. Kouhai Kouhaishu |
Koukankai Kōkankai |
交換会 | こうかんかい | Literally "exhange meeting". An auction. This is the same video as "An example of fuukiran auction" in Videos FYI section. |
Kouryuuba Kōryūba |
甲龍葉 | こうりゅうば | Leaf on which raised longitudinal pleats are. The direct translation is "shell dragon leaf". Note that the raised longitudinal pleat is called Kouryuu (Kōryū) 甲龍. |
Kudaba | 管葉 | くだば | Leaf which is folded or closed. The direct translation is "tube leaf". |
Kumo | 雲 | くも | Literally "cloud". Unclear green (cloud-like) parts which appear on variegated areas. Usually we say "Kumo wo ukaberu" which means "float clouds". Several varieties, such as 'Unryuu no taki' and 'Renjoumaru', show this type of variegation in the transient process to mature. Kumo Kumo wo ukaberu |
Kuramu | 暗む | くらむ | Literally "become dark". A verb which describes the process of the change of the variegation brightness from bright to dark (to solid green in many cases). For example, see Nochikurami (後暗み) and Akebonofu (曙斑). Cf. Saeru (冴える) and Hazeru (晴ぜる). |
Kuruiba | 狂い葉 | くるいば | Leaf which irregularly curves and twists. The direct translation is "crazy leaf". Also known as Shishiba (獅子葉). |
Kushi | 串 | くし | Skewers. Used to train the leaves neatly. Plastic skewers are mainly used recently instead of bamboo ones. See also Kyousei (矯正). Upper: Plastic, Lower: Bamboo |
Kushimejima Kushimegara |
櫛目縞 櫛目柄 |
くしめじま くしめがら |
Kushimejima is literally "comb pattern stripe". The appearance way of stripe where the many fine stripes are on all over the leaf surface, which looks like a pattern traced by a comb. Note that we don't call just a few narrow stripes Kushimejima. The word kushime (comb pattern) intrinsically includes the meaning of "many" lines. And also we don't say Kushimejima in case that the stripes are shifted to one side of leaves even if the stripes are fine. Kushimejima is also known as Kushimegara, where the word gara indicates stripe, i.e., shima in this case. Cf. Boujima. Kushimejima Kushimegara |
Kyo | 距 | きょ | Spur of a flower. See Fuuran diagram. |
Kyonashi | 距無し | きょなし | A flower without spurs. |
Kyousei Kyōsei |
矯正 | きょうせい | Literally "correction". To train the leaves using skewers or wires. See also Kushi (串). Note that the plastic skewers are used for the support of the small growth with a few roots rather than training of the leaves in case of the second photo. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Mameba | 豆葉 | まめば | Leaf which becomes short and wide. The direct translation is "bean leaf". |
Marudome | 丸止め | まるどめ | Outline of leaf is roundly tapered towards the leaf tip (hasaki, 葉先). The literal translation is "round stop". Usually we say "hasaki marudome (葉先丸止め)". Marudome Hasaki marudome |
Matsuba | 松葉 | まつば | The direct translation is "pine needle". Green chirifu on variegated area. These scattered minute green flecks look like pine needles on white or yellow variegation. Usually we say "Matsuba wo chirasu (松葉を散らす)" which means "scatter pine needles". Matsuba Matsuba wo chirasu |
Meatari | 芽当たり | めあたり | Literally "sprout hit". Same meaning as Atari (当たり). See Atari. |
Megawari | 芽変わり | めがわり | Literally "sprout change" or "growth change". (i) An offshoot mutation from its mother growth, or a mutated offshoot. (ii) A growth mutation from original to other. Figure 1 shows an example of case (i). An offshoot growth on the left side has the Manazuru characteristic (Gintsuru). The offshoot growth of Fig. 2 is Houken, while the mother is Kansetsu (case (i)). But the mother growth seems to be turning to Houken, which is an example of case (ii). |
Meihin | 銘品 名品 |
めいひん | There are two Kanji writing with the same reading, and these have the almost same literal meaning "named thing". The following descriptions are applicable only to the fuuran world. 銘品: The registered varieties in the Japan Fūkiran Society which are written in the Fūkiran Meikan (富貴蘭銘鑑). So this term is a synonym of Fūkiran (the registered fuuran varieties). Note that the same Kanji 銘 (mei) is used in both meihin 銘品 and meikan 銘鑑. 名品: Excellent and famous varieties. Basically regardless of the registration, but sometimes used as the term which indicates the registered varieties, i.e., as the same term as 銘品. |
Midori Ryoku |
緑 | みどり りょく |
Green. Kun'yomi: Midori. For example, Midoribana (緑花) and 'Tosa midori (土佐緑)'. On'yomi: Ryoku. For example, 'Rokuhou (緑宝)' and 'Kishuu ryokufuu (紀州緑風)'. Midori |
Midoribana Aobana |
緑花 青花 |
みどりばな あおばな |
Green flower. The green flowers of several varieties sometimes turn to the standard white flowers (Shirobana) within a few days, which we call "Mikka midori (三日緑)" (Literally "three-day green"). Midoribana Aobana |
Mimizuri fu | 耳摺り斑 | みみずりふ | Variegation which appears irregularly on the periphery of a leaf. Sometimes called "Mimizuri shima (耳摺り縞)". The direct translation is "ear-rubbing variegation". |
Mishou Mishō Mishouhin Mishōhin |
実生 実生品 |
みしょう みしょうひん |
Seed-propagation or seed-propagated plants (seedlings) including hybrids or divisions from the seed-propagated plants. Natural seed-propagation on a tree in mountain is referred to as Yama mishou (山実生) which is literally "seed-propagation in mountain". Cf. Honshou and Honshouhin. Mishou Mishouhin |
Mizugoke | 水苔 | みずごけ | Sphagnum moss. Usually this is used to plant fuuran. Often abbreviated as Koke (苔) in daily conversations. See Fuuran diagram and the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Mizuyari | 水やり | みずやり | Watering. |
Mujiba | 無地葉 | むじば | Literally "plain leaf". Non-variegated leaf. The term muji means solid green without any variegation patterns. See also Namiba and Ha. Mujiba Muji |
Mureru | 蒸れる | むれる | Literally "get steamed". A verb which means that the roots in the wet moss get steamed and damaged because of high temperature (which depends on season or high light) with poor ventilation. Rarely steamed if unglazed clay pots are used, but sometimes steamed when plastic pots or rakubachi are used, especially in summer, in room, or in car. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Nakadooshi Nakadōshi |
中通し | なかどおし | Literally "center passing". Stripe along the leaf center (Fig. 1) which is narrower than Nakafu. Also known as "Nakadooshi jima (中通し縞)". When a plant has a narrow green stripe with very wide variegated margins (i.e., a hade plant of fukurin varieties), we call it "Kon no nakadooshi (紺の中通し)" (Fig. 2). |
Nakafu | 中斑 | なかふ | Center variegation longitudinally along a leaf. Medio-picta. Usually the width of Nakafu is between Nakadooshi and Nakasuke, and a bit unclear compared to Nakasuke. |
Nakasuke | 中透け | なかすけ | Middle penetrating variegation. The center of a leaf is veriegated longitudinally, which penetrates the leaf to the back side. The variegation is generally clearer and wider than that of Nakafu. The literal translation is "center transparent". Usually the leaves of Nakasuke variegation have clearly contrasted (narrow) green margins. So this word is often used by combining with "Konpuku", i.e., "Nakasuke konpuku" or "Konpuku nakasuke". |
Namiba | 並葉 | なみば | Standard leaf. All traits of the leaves, i.e., length, shape, color, texture, etc. are standard. Often used for describing the leaves of wild fuurans. Typical examples of Namiba are shown in the following photos. Note that this term sometimes indicates the standard leaf form characteristics except the variegation in a narrow sense, and the term mujiba is used to describe the standard solid green leaf in this case. |
Namibana | 並花 | なみばな | Standard flower which has standard size, standard shape and white color. Sometimes the tips of the petal or sepal can blush very lightly when the plant has anthocyanin pigment. Namibana of Amami are often pale pink. |
Namigata | 波型 | なみがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Wavy shape. Often abbreviated to Nami. |
Nawabuchi | 縄縁 | なわぶち | Straw-rope patterned edge of the flange of a pot or a pot that has straw-rope patterned edge of the flange. Sometimes we use another word "Fuchinawa (縁縄)" for the same meanings. |
Ne | 根 | ね | Root. Usually describes a whole root from the root joint to the root tip. But when we describe the active root tip colors, this term indicates the active root tip. See Fuuran diagram. |
Nesaki | 根先 | ねさき | Root tip. Especially active root tip. See the notation of the term Ne (根) and Fuuran diagram. |
Ni Nimotsu |
荷 荷物 |
に にもつ |
Literally "baggage". Fuurans which will be sold at an auction. They are put on tables in order of being sold and the participants (buyer) can see closely (but never touch) them before the auction starts. Note that this term usually indicates a set of fuurans which a person (ninushi) brings to the auction, rarely the individual fuuran (e.g., one fuuran is called nimotsu when a ninushi brings only one fuuran). Ni Nimotsu |
Ninushi | 荷主 | にぬし | The owners of the fuurans which are being sold now at an auction, i.e., the owners of nimotsu. Sometimes the number of fuurans per one ninushi is limited, e.g., up to 12 or 15, which depends on auctions. |
Nishikibachi | 錦鉢 | にしきばち | Literally "brocade pot". A highly decorated rakubachi. Usually, a painter called "Etsukeshi (絵付師)" draws an enamel picture on a black-only rakubachi (kuroraku) by using paint brushes ("Etsuke (絵付け)", see also Etsuke). Mr. Satoru Fuse (布施覚氏) and Mr. Shinji Sugiura of Airakuen (愛楽園 杉浦慎治氏) are famous etsukeshi. Nishikibachi Etsuke Etsukeshi |
Nochihaze | 後晴ぜ | のちはぜ | The variegation is unclear on top leaf but then it becomes bright as the leaf matures. The speed of the development of the variegation contrast depends on varieties. Also known as Nochizae (後冴え). The literal translation is "to become clear later". Cf. Nochikurami (後暗み) and Imahaze (今晴ぜ). Typical nochihaze variegation change is shown in Fig. 1. The variegation of the top leaf gradually gets bright. The variegation shown in Fig. 2 is an example of the nochihaze change with kumo (see the term description of kumo). Figure 3 shows an example of very slow nochihaze change. It will take about two years for the variegation to get bright. |
Nochikurami | 後暗み | のちくらみ | The variegation is bright on top leaf but then it becomes unclear or disappears to be almost solid green as the leaf matures. The literal translation is "to become dark later". Cf. Nochizae. |
Nochizae | 後冴え | のちざえ | The variegation is unclear on top leaf but then it becomes bright as the leaf matures. The speed of the development of the variegation contrast depends on varieties. Also known as Nochihaze (後晴ぜ). The literal translation is "to become vivid later". Cf. Nochikurami (後暗み) and Tenzae (天冴え). Typical nochizae variegation change is shown in Fig. 1. The variegation of the top leaf gradually gets bright. The variegation shown in Fig. 2 is an example of the nochizae change with kumo (see the term description of kumo). Figure 3 shows an example of very slow nochizae change. It will take about two years for the variegation to get bright. |
Norifu | 乗り斑 | のりふ | Variegation appearing only on the upper side of leaves. Usually indicates a kind of tora fu. The variegation often cannot be seen from the back side of the leaves, or sometimes looks like fukurin in case of tora fu when seen from the back side of the leaf. |
Nori wo hiku | 糊を引く | のりをひく | Leaf surface looks like it has a translucent film like thin paste film and the boundary between variegated area and green area is unclear. See the surface of 'Fuukiden' leaves. The direct translation is "spread paste thinly". |
Noshiba | 熨斗葉 | のしば | Leaf which is pinched and closed at the middle part but open at the leaf tip. This leaf looks like "Noshi" which is a decoration of folded red and white paper for gifts to express the respect of the sender. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noshi. The direct translation is "noshi leaf". |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Onshitsu | 温室 | おんしつ | A greenhouse. Usually heated in winter. |
Oodana Ōdana |
大棚 | おおだな | Literally "big rack". A person who has many fuurans or that person's growing place. See Tana (棚). |
Ookabu Ōkabu |
大株 | おおかぶ | A big clump (not group-planted) in which many growths are. See Kabu. Cf. Kokabu. |
Osa | 筬 | おさ | Spaces between the leaves around the stem. We say "Osa ga tsumaru" for tight spaces, and "Osa ga yurui" for loose spaces. Osa Osa ga tsumaru Osa ga yurui |
Oteuchi | お手打ち | おてうち | Literally "hand clap". Claps at an auction; usually three claps, repeat two times. The participants of an auction do this clapping (i) when the auction starts, (ii) when someone won an item at a high price, and (iii) when the auction is over. See the following video for Oteuchi of the above case (i) ("An example of fuukiran auction" in Videos FYI section). |
Oyagi | 親木 | おやぎ | Parent or Mother plant of a division or the oldest growth in a clump. See Fuuran diagram. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Raberu | ラベル | らべる | Literally "label". A plant tag. This is a Japanese reading of the English word "label". See Fuuran diagram. |
Rakubachi | 楽鉢 | らくばち | For fuuran pots, this term generally indicates black-glazed pots made by using the "Rakuyaki (楽焼)" technique. The black-only rakubachi is referred to as Kurorakubachi (黒楽鉢) or simply Kuroraku (黒楽). The rakubachis with a gold edge of flange and gold legs are called Kinbuchi (金縁) or Fuchikin (縁金) (see Kinbuchi or Fuchikin). Usually, the rakubachi with kinbuchi or higher grade decorative pots should be used to display fuukiran at Shows in Japan. So the black-only rakubachis are generally used only for daily cultivation. |
Rankake | 蘭掛け | らんかけ | Literally "orchid stand". A stand to put the plant pots. Usually this term indicates the metal wire stands used being placed on a rack, shelf or table. Cf. Tsuriwaku (吊り枠). |
Rappabachi Rappagata |
ラッパ鉢 ラッパ型 |
らっぱばち らっぱがた |
Rappabachi is literally "trumpet pot". A pot of which side view shape is like a trumpet. The shape is refferred to as Rappagata (ラッパ型). Rappabachi Rappagata |
Rashaba | 羅紗葉 | らしゃば | Leaf which has rough surface texture like a woolen cloth, or the varieties that have such leaves. The direct translation is "woolen cloth leaf". Note that Rashaba is a bit longitudinal pattern, while Yasuriba is rather lateral to the leaf. |
Rikiba | 力葉 | りきば | Leaf which is bended downwards a bit steeply at around one thirds (or middle) of the whole leaf length from the leaf tip. This leaf shape looks like a Hiragana character "へ" and looks powerful. The direct translation is "power leaf". That a leaf becomes bended around the leaf tip is referred to as "Rikimu". Rikiba Rikimu |
Ritsujousen | 立条線 | りつじょうせん | Raised longitudinal lines on a leaf surface. Cf. Kenjousen (堅条線). |
Rokubenka | 六弁花 | ろくべんか | A flower of which lip mutated to a sixth standard petal. Literally "six petal flower". |
Rubiine Rubīne |
ルビー根 | るびーね | Ruby root tip caused by anthocyanin pigmentation without green and yellow pigmentation. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Saeru | 冴える | さえる | Literally "become vivid". A verb which describes the process of the change of the variegation brightness from dark to bright. For example, see Nochizae (後冴え) and Tenzae (天冴え). Also known as Hazeru (晴ぜる). Cf. Kuramu (暗む). |
Saijou Saijō |
最上 | さいじょう | This is a general Japanese word which means "the finest" or "the best". |
Saijougara Saijōgara |
最上柄 | さいじょうがら | Saijou + Gara. The finest variegation pattern or a plant which has the finest variegation pattern compared to other specimens of the cultivar. Sometimes we say Gara saijou (柄最上), changing the order of Saijou and Gara. Cf. Saijougei. Saijougara Gara saijou |
Saijougei Saijōgei |
最上芸 | さいじょうげい | Saijou + Gei. The best quality of the characteristics of a cultivar or a plant which shows the best quality of the characteristics compared to other specimens of the cultivar. Note that Saijougara indicates only the quality of the variegation pattern, while Saijougei includes not only the variegation pagttern but also other characteristics such as leaf shape, plant shape, and root tip color. So this term can be used for the varieties with no variegations such as solid green bean leaf varieties. |
Saku | 作 | さく | Literally "make". Appearance of fuuran as a result that a hobbyist made efforts to grow the fuuran well. It is considered that the appearance of the fuuran can reflect the hobbyist's efforts and way to grow. Also known as Tsukuri (作り). If the fuuran is good-looking, we say Saku ga ii (saku is good), but Saku ga warui (saku is bad) if not. Of course the saku ga ii fuurans will be more expensive than saku ga warui ones. Saku Saku ga ii Saku ga warui |
Sakuba | 作場 | さくば | Literally "making place". A place where a hobbyist grows fuuran, regardless of the type of the space (greenhouse, outdoor place, veranda, with/without pot stands or pot hangers, etc.). Also known as Tana (棚). |
Sanchouzaki Sanchōzaki |
三蝶咲き | さんちょうざき | Literally "Three butterfly bloom". Flower with three spurs. One of the spurs always grows from the base of the lip, which is the same as the normal flowers, but the other two will come out (i)from two petals (e.g., Manjushage) or (ii)from lower two sepals (e.g., Hanakanzashi). |
Sanken | 三剣 | さんけん | 'Houken (宝剣)', 'Kenryuu (剣龍)', and 'Mitsurugi (御剣)'. The direct translation of "sanken" is "three swords". The leaves of these three varieties look like sword. See "Lineages and Genealogies" section. |
Sankounakafu Sankōnakafu |
三光中斑 | さんこうなかふ | Variegation that appears between green margins and green center. Figure 1 shows the typical sankounakafu on a Ginsekai leaf. 'Surugasansai' shown in Fig. 2 is a mutation from 'Surugafukurin', i.e., sankounakafu type of 'Surugafukurin'. Figure 3 is 'Kinbotan no shima' which shows sankounakafu. I guess this is only one growth of sankounakafu type Kinbotan at this time (2020). Figure 4 also shows a rare example of sankounakafu. The top leaf (tenba) of 'Higuma' shows thin sankounakafu. Sometimes the green center is covered with thin variegated layer, which looks like translucent film like 'Koto no yuki (古都の雪)'. Literally "three light center variegation". |
Seijiku Aojiku |
清軸 青軸 |
せいじく あおじく |
Same as Aojiku (青軸). Green stem without anthocyanin pigmentation. Strictly speaking, the leaf sheaths covering the main stem is green. The literal translation of Seijiku (清軸) is "clean stem". Seijiku Aojiku |
Seri | 競り | せり | An auction. Often referred to as Koukankai (交換会) in case of the fuuran world. This is the same video as "An example of fuukiran auction" in Videos FYI section. |
Seridai | 競り台 | せりだい | A platform from which an auctioneer sells. |
Shima -jima |
縞 | しま -じま |
Stripe. Shima: kun'yomi (訓読み), and -jima: kun'yomi with rendaku (連濁を伴う訓読み). For example, 'Ooemaru no shima (大江丸縞)' and fukurin-jima (覆輪縞). |
Shinben | 唇弁 | しんべん | Lip. Sometimes called "Shita (舌)" which literally means "tongue". See Fuuran diagram. |
Shindomari Shintsuu |
芯止まり 芯痛 |
しんどまり しんつう |
That the cell division stops at the growth point and a new leaf doesn't come out. Shindomari Shintsuu |
Shiro | 白 | しろ | White. The on'yomi reading of 白 is "haku", e.g., 'Hakuunkaku (白雲閣)' and 'Furouhaku (不老白)'. |
Shirobana | 白花 | しろばな | White flower. This is the standard color of fuuran flower. |
Shirone | 白根 | しろね | This term indicates that the color of the actively growing root tips is white without any pigmentations, which ranges from pure white to pale greenish or creamy white. Sometimes the active root tips in moss or under a very low light condition are (almost) white but these are not shirone in a real meaning. Real shirones grow this manner even if put on a bright place. For example, the ruby root tips of 'Kenkoku no shima (建国の縞)' often look whitish if they grow in moss under no light or very dark condition but they will turn ruby if they are exposed to light. |
Shishiba | 獅子葉 | ししば | Leaf which irregularly curves and twists. The direct translation is "lion leaf". Also known as Kuruiba (狂い葉). |
Shitaba | 下葉 | したば | A leaf in the lowest position or several leaves in lower position of a growth. See Fuuran diagram. |
Shizenzukuri | 自然作り | しぜんづくり | Literally "natural make". The way to grow fuuran utilizing the natural climate. This term includes wide range of growing way from pure natural to near natural, though to use pots is common. The "pure natural" means that everything (such as watering, shading, and keeping temperature and humidity) is left to nature all year round except planting in pots. For example, fuurans are hanged under big trees and stay there all year round; the shading depends on the leaves of the trees, watering lelies on the rain, they hibernate in winter under the tree. This kind of growing way is specifically called Sutezukuri (捨て作り), which is an extreme type of Shizenzukuri. The "near natural" has wide spectrum; often to pass the winter under natural temperature without greenhouse is also called shizenzukuri. |
Sokubaikai | 即売会 | そくばいかい | A sale. Often abbreviated to Sokubai (即売). Sokubaikai Sokubai |
Sukashibachi | 透かし鉢 | すかしばち | A pot with openwork. The word "openwork" is "sukashi (透かし)" in Japanese. Usually, sukashibachi indicates artistic openwork ceramic pots which are often used for display at a Show. There are three famous masters of making sukashibachi in the present day (2020) in Japan: Mr. Shunji Mitsuhashi (三橋俊治氏) of Keyaki-gama (欅窯) whose pots are generally referred to as "Keyakibachi (欅鉢)" (Fig. A), Mr. Tomohiko Saeki (佐伯知彦氏) of Tenzan-koubou (天山工房) whose pots are called "Tenzanbachi (天山鉢)" (Fig. B), and Mr. Yukimasa Chino (千野之雅氏) whose pots are called "Chinobachi (千野鉢)" (Fig. C). The (black) plastic pots with "slits" or "holes" on the bowl part are not called sukashibachi and are used for daily care. But recently plastic pots with artistic openwork made using the 3D printing technology came into the market, which may be able to be called sukashibachi (Fig. D). |
Sukashiboshi | 透かし星 | すかしぼし | Literally "transparent star". Small translucent dimples on leaves which look like "stars" when we hold the leaves up to the light. Note that this is not a true variegation but sometimes classified into a unique variegation. Also known as Hoshi fu (星斑). |
Sumi | 墨 | すみ | Literally "black ink". Usually we say "Sumi wo nagasu" which means "let black ink flow". But basically this characteristic should be distinguished from its color. Sumi is caused by a physical mutation of cells, usually in the epidermis layer of leaves. Sumi appears longitudinally along a leaf and looks translucent, glossy, and a bit dark green line. Sumi is sometimes a fine indented linear striation, and sometimes shows as a bit wide streak; sometimes long but sometimes short. To say it without worrying about being misunderstood, it may be possible to say that sumi is a kind of linear "defect" or "scar" of cellular tissue on the leaf surface which looks like scratch. Anyway, it will be sure that there is a physical difference between the sumi area and the other area of the leaf surface. Sumi can appear on both/either the top and/or bottom surface of the leaf. When sumi is on the bottom side of a leaf, often it looks a kind of the disorder of the stomata pattern, and the sumi area has fewer stomata than the other area of the leaf surface. My present understanding of sumi is shown in Fig. 1. The ways of appearance are categorized into two groups, i.e., without/with coloration (S1 and S2). The colored group S2 is further subcategorized into three (S2-1 to S2-3). The sumi in Category S1 often turns to S2 as the leaf ages, sooner or later, overall or partially. When the anthocyanin pigmentation (S2-1) appears on the green area, the sumi area gets dark because of the mix of the colors of anthocyanin and chlorophyll. But if the pigmentation is on the variegated area, beautiful pink or purple coloration often appear. In case that the plant has little pigments except chlorophyll, like 'Suminagashi 墨流し', the sumi will not turn to S2-1 but it will be possible to turn to S2-2 or S2-3. The black-colored portions in Category S2-2 are called "Yani ヤニ" which is literally "tar". When the initial lustrous green streak turned black later, "Yani is showing up on sumi" is the correct expression, strictly speaking. But in daily conversations, this black line itself is often referred to as sumi, which causes the confusion. Also, sometimes corky bumps or line will come out on/along sumi (S2-3). The way of appearance and change of the sumi significantly depends on the varieties that have sumi characteristic (sometimes the growing conditions such as light intensity will also affect the appearance of sumi). It is considered that these colorations may come out to protect the "wounded" sumi part, but I'm not sure. It should be noted that sumi indicates a physical mutation of cells ("scar") on leaves rather than colorations. Therefore, colorations without any physical mutations of cells such as Azuki fu will not be referred to as sumi, even if they appear linearly on the leaf surface. Sumi Sumi wo nagasu Fig. 1 Sumi diagram Fig. 2 Examples of sumi without coloration (Category S1 in Fig. 1). The color of these streaks shows the substrate color, but the surface texture in the sumi area is different from the other area. (a) An uncolored streak is on the top leaf. Maybe this sumi will be colored black later with yani. (Other photo(s) will come soon.) Fig. 3 Examples of sumi colored with anthocyanin on green area (Category S2-1 on green in Fig. 1). The color of sumi line gets dark by a mix of anthocyanin and chlorophyll. (a) This figure shows the fine sumi striations with very dark purple (purplish black) coloration, while the anthocyanin pigmentation of the outside of the striations are not sumi. Note that 'Kurogane kokubotan 黒金黒牡丹' is a kind of 'Kokubotan 黒牡丹', which is a personal name to distinguish from other Kokubotan specimens. 'Kurogane botan 黒金牡丹' is a kind of Kinbotan mutated from Kokubotan, and 'Kurogane kokubotan' is an offshoot Kokubotan growth from 'Kurogane botan'. That is, Kokubotan → Kurogane botan (Kinbotan) → Kurogane kokubotan (Kokubotan). (b) The same specimen as (a), i.e., a photo of opposite side of (a). An example of a bit wide sumi streak. (c) and (d) are the videos to see the luster of sumi on the top leaf shown in (b). (c) is by the rotation of the plant and (d) by change of the angle of light. It can be seen that the sumi line on the top leaf is lustrous. (e) An example to show the difference of colors between sumi lines on green and variegated areas. The anthocyanin-pigmented sumi on the green area is much darker than variegated area. The purplish sumi on the top leaf will gradually become darker as the leaf ages because Kinbotan variegation has nochikurami characteristic. Fig. 4 Examples of sumi colored with anthocyanin on variegated area (Category S2-1 on variegatoin in Fig. 1). The sumi line is colored pinkish or purplish by anthocyanin without chlorophyll. (a) and (b) are the same specimen of Awazuminishiki and anthocyanin-pigmented spots in line on the sumi streak can be seen. (a) shows the colored spots on the top surface of the leaf and (b) on the bottom surface. Note that the spots on the green area are much darker. (c) shows minuter (mist-like) anthocyanin-pigmented spots than (a) and (b). Fig. 5 Examples of sumi with ooze of Yani (Category S2-2 in Fig. 1). Yani is literally "tar". (a) and (b) Ooze of yani on the sumi streak can be seen. (a) shows the yani on the bottom surface of the leaf and (b) on the top surface. (c) shows an example of partial yani. (d) is an example of yani spots on the plants which has no anthocyanin pigment. Yani is black on both green and variegated areas, though the colors of the anthocyanin pigmentation are different as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 6 Examples of sumi with corky bump or line (Category S2-3 in Fig. 1). (a) Corky bumps on the sumi streak with scattered yani can be seen. (b) Raised corky line with black yani margin can be seen. |
Sunago fukurin | 砂子覆輪 | すなごふくりん | Fukurin which seems to be drawn with small grains like sand. |
Sutezukuri | 捨て作り | すてづくり | Literally "throw-away make". An extreme case of Shizenzukuri. See Shizenzukuri (自然作り). |
Suyakibachi | 素焼き鉢 | すやきばち | Unglazed clay pot, used for daily cultivation of fuuran. This type of pots has good breathability because of their porosity and has good cooling performance by the heat of water evaporation. |
Suzumushiken | 鈴虫剣 | すずむしけん | Leaf which has pointed tip as if pinched. The pointed leaf tip looks like an ovipositor of bell cricket (suzumushi). The direct translation is "bell cricket sword". |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Tachiba | 立ち葉 | たちば | Literally standing leaf. The angle of leaves near the leaf base is large to the horizontal. Typically the leaves of tachiba varieties are almost straight but sometimes arced. The arced tachiba is often called tachi-himeba. |
Tachihimeba | 立ち姫葉 | たちひめば | A type of leaf shape seen from the side of a plant. Combined shape of the Tachiba and Himeba, i.e., the angle of leaves near the leaf base is large to the horizontal, then the leaves curve. |
Tairinka | 大輪花 | たいりんか | Large flower. |
Tana | 棚 | たな | Literally "rack" or "shelf". A place where a hobbyist grows fuuran, regardless of the type of the space (greenhouse, outdoor place, veranda, with/without pot stands or pot hangers, etc.). Also known as Sakuba (作場). |
Tanawari | 棚割り | たなわり | Literally "rack division". A plant which was divided and sold by a hobbyist. Especially often used for a division from a famous fuuran grower. |
Teiran Teirankago |
提蘭 提蘭籠 |
ていらん ていらんかご |
Literally "carry orchids" and "carry orchids basket". A basket to carry orchids. Usually a kind of bamboo works with good breathability. Teiran Teirankago |
Tenba | 天葉 | てんば | Top leaf. See Fuuran diagram. |
Tenjikai | 展示会 | てんじかい | A show. |
Tenzae | 天冴え | てんざえ | Literally "top becomes vivid". A characteristic where a new (top) leaf comes out with clear variegation. Also known as Imahaze (今晴ぜ). Typically the variegation remains clear on the old leaves. But there are some varieties of which variegation gets dark as the leaf matures. Usually we call this type of variegation Nochikurami but sometimes call it Tenzae Nochikurami to describe the variegated way more clearly. |
Tenzaki | 天咲き | てんざき | Literally "sky bloom". A flower characteristic where the flowers bloom towards the sky. Strictly speaking, in addition to the bloom facing upwards, the flower has a shorter spur than the standard one and the petals curve not so much backwards. One of the representative is 'Tamakongou' flower. But in these days, this term often means only the upward-facing blooming way. |
Teriba Tsuyaba |
照り葉 艶葉 |
てりば つやば |
Literally, Teriba is "shiny leaf" and Tsuyaba is "glossy leaf". Both have the same meaning, i.e., a characteristic where the leaves have glossy surface. Cf. Tsuyakeshi. Teriba Tsuyaba |
Toiba | 樋葉 | といば | Leaf of which cross section looks like "V". The direct translation is "gutter leaf". |
Tora fu | 虎斑 | とらふ | Tiger variegation or tiger stripe. E.g., 'Karanishiki' and 'Setsuzan'. The abbreviation Tora (虎) is often used. The Kun'yomi reading of 虎 is "tora", while the on'yomi reading is "ko" (cf. 'Kagetora (影虎)' and 'Kishuusekko (紀州雪虎)'). Note that the term Tora fu usually means a type of variegation but Tora is sometimes used for temporally names of varieties which have tora fu. |
Tsuba | 鍔 | つば | Flange of a pot. In case of decorative pots, the edge of the flange often has gold color (kinbuchi 金縁) or straw-rope pattern (nawabuchi 縄縁) and sometimes both, or sometimes picture or pattern is painted on the upper face of the flange. See Fuuran diagram. |
Tsubomi | 蕾 | つぼみ | Unopened flower buds, which will open in near future. |
Tsuke | 付け | つけ | The line of the leaf joint between the leaf and the leaf sheath at which the leaf abscises when it is dead
(see Fuuran diagram). The line shape is one of the key traits from which we can distinguish the varieties. There are four basic shapes, i.e., Ichimonji gata (一文字型, straight), Nami gata (波型, wavy), Tsukigata (月型, crescent), Yama gata (山型, mountain). "Gata (型)" means the shape. If a leaf has no tsuke, we call Tsuke nashi (付け無し). Typically each variety has one specific type of tsuke, but sometimes there are varieties which have a few tsuke shapes in one growth. Note that slight differences can be found in the same tsuke shape, eg., we can find shallow crescent shape and deep crescent shape or high mountain and low mountain. Also note that the tsuke shape may be sometimes related to the flower shape. For example, bean leaf varieties with tsuke of Tsukigata often have standard-shaped flowers, but bean leaf varieties with other tsuke shapes have tenzaki flowers with shorter spurs and non-curved petals. Triple spur varieties often shows the Namigata tsuke shape (which may not appear in all leaves though). |
Tsukenashi | 付け無し | つけなし | A characteristic where a leaf has no tsuke or a variety which has no tsuke. |
Tsukigata | 月型 | つきがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Half circular arc. It looks like the shape of a crescent moon. This is a typical shape. The literal translation is "moon shape". Often abbreviated to Tsuki. |
Tsukuri | 作り | つくり | Literally "make". Same as Saku (作). |
Tsume fukurin | 爪覆輪 | つめふくりん | Marginal variegation only on around the leaf tip. The direct translation is "nail-like marginal variegation". Tsume fukurin looks like the white edge of a nail. |
Tsuriwaku | 吊り枠 | つりわく | Literally "hanging frame". A hanger of plant pots. A hanger type of Rankake (蘭掛け). |
Tsuyaba Teriba |
艶葉 照り葉 |
つやば てりば |
Literally, Tsuyaba is "glossy leaf" and Teriba is "shiny leaf". Both have the same meaning, i.e., a characteristic where the leaves have glossy surface. Cf. Tsuyakeshi. Tsuyaba Teriba |
Tsuyakeshi | 艶消し | つやけし | Literally "matt". That the leaf surfaces are matt. Cf. Teriba and Tsuyaba. |
Tsuyuukeba | 露受け葉 | つゆうけば | Inversely (upwardly) curved leaf at the tip. This leaf shape looks like receiveng dews by a hand. The direct translation is "dew-receiving leaf". |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Uchikomi jima | 打ち込み縞 | うちこみじま | Indented stripe. The leaf thickness of the striped parts is thin. Sometimes easy to be burned. |
Uekae | 植え替え | うえかえ | To change the planting material (sphagnum moss is often used in case of fuuran). To repot. This is the same video as "Repotting method" in Videos FYI section. |
Uekaebou Uekaebō |
植え替え棒 | うえかえぼう | Literally "repotting pole". A pole used to repot fuuran with sphagnum moss. See the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Urakouryuu Urakōryū |
裏甲龍 | うらこうりゅう | The raised longitudinal pleats (Kouryuu) on the back side of a leaf. Or a temporary variety name (see the name list of U in Unregistered Varieties section). |
Uwagoke | 上苔 | うわごけ | Long fiber moss which wraps the root system. Also known as Keshougoke (化粧苔). See the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Yaezaki | 八重咲き | やえざき | Double-petal flower. Literally "eight layer bloom" which means many petals are layered in one flower. |
Yamagata | 山型 | やまがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Mountain shape. Often abbreviated to Yama. |
Yasuriba | 鑢葉 | やすりば | Leaf which has rough surface texture like a file or a rasp. The direct translation is "file leaf". Note that Rashaba is a bit longitudinal pattern, while Yasuriba is rather lateral to the leaf. |
Yonken | 四剣 | よんけん | Sanken + 1, i.e., 'Houken (宝剣)', 'Kenryuu (剣龍)', 'Mitsurugi (御剣)', and 'Kotou no tsurugi (湖東の剣)'. The direct translation of "yonken" is "four swords". The leaves of these four varieties look like sword. See Lineages and Genealogies section. |
Yoseue | 寄せ植え | よせうえ | Group planting. To plant some specimens together in one pot. Cf. Kabu. |
Yuurei Yūrei |
幽霊 | ゆうれい | This is not a variegation name. Leaf or plant that do not have chlorophyll at all. In case of yuurei leaf, often we call it yuureiba (幽霊葉). Several variegated varieties, especially hade specimens, tend to turn to more hade plant and sometimes turn to yuurei growth finally, or often put out yuurei offshoot babies. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Fuuran Fūran Furan |
風蘭 | ふうらん | Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata. Any V. falcata including standard wild plants and hybrids. Literal translation is "wind orchid". These two photos are wild fuuran found in Tottori City, Japan. |
Fuukiran Fūkiran Fukiran |
富貴蘭 | ふうきらん | Varieties of Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata which are registered in the Japan Fuukiran Society. Sometimes the unregistered V. falcata including wild plants and hybrids are called fuukiran but it is not suitable strictly speaking. Literally "Rich and valuable orchid". Click the above photos to see larger ones. |
Amami fuuran Amami fūran Amami furan |
奄美風蘭 | あまみふうらん | Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata found in Amami Islands are called "Amami fuuran". Those are sometimes simply referred to as "Amami" for short. Generally Amami fuuran are larger than other fuurans found in the other (northern) area of Japan. Sometimes seed propagated fuuran in Korea are called "Amami" as well because many Amami fuuran have been seeded in Korea, but this way of calling might cause confusion. Amami fuuran Amami Click the above photos to see larger ones. |
Amamikei | 奄美系 | あまみけい | Fuuran of Amami fuuran lineage. |
Ki | 木 | き | Literally "tree". As a fuuran term, this indicates figuratively a growth. We say "ii ki" (a good tree) for a specimen which have good variegation pattern or grown well. |
Kabu Kabudachi |
株 株立ち |
かぶ かぶだち |
Specimens that have plural growths. A clump (though occasionally Kabu indicates one growth). Kabudachi reminds us of a larger clump than Kabu. Usually these terms indicate one plant that have plural growths, i.e., basically all the stems of the growths need to be connected in order to call a clump Kabu, though it is probable that we cannot check the stem connection in case of a very big clump. When a clump is group-planted or is divided under the planting material, we say not Kabu but Yoseue (寄せ植え), even if the group-planted specimens are the same variety. Cf. Ookabu and Kokabu. Kabu Kabudachi |
Kokabu | 小株 | こかぶ | A small clump (not group-planted) in which some growths are. See Kabu. Cf. Ookabu. |
Ookabu Ōkabu |
大株 | おおかぶ | A big clump (not group-planted) in which many growths are. See Kabu. Cf. Kokabu. |
Honshou Honshō Honshouhin Honshōhin |
本性 本性品 |
ほんしょう ほんしょうひん |
Original plants (species) found in the wild or divisions from the original plants. Cf. Mishou. Honshou Honshouhin |
Mishou Mishō Mishouhin Mishōhin |
実生 実生品 |
みしょう みしょうひん |
Seed-propagation or seed-propagated plants (seedlings) including hybrids or divisions from the seed-propagated plants. Natural seed-propagation on a tree in mountain is referred to as Yama mishou (山実生) which is literally "seed-propagation in mountain". Cf. Honshou and Honshouhin. Mishou Mishouhin |
Kouhai Kōhai Kouhaishu Kōhaishu |
交配 交配種 |
こうはい こうはいしゅ |
Kouhai is "crossing". The varieties obtained by crossing are called "Kouhaishu". But in the fuuran world, the word Kouhaishu is often used for hybridized varieties (i.e., hybrids) which include non-fuuran genes. Note that the hybrids are now being considered to be not suitable for registration. Kouhai Kouhaishu |
Hinshu Hinshumei |
品種 品種名 |
ひんしゅ ひんしゅめい |
Hinshu is a "variety" or "cultivar". Hinshumei is "variety name". For example, 'Fuukiden', 'Ooemaru no shima', 'Akausagi', and so on are hinshu and hinshumei, regardless of registration. Hinshu Hinshumei |
Meihin | 銘品 名品 |
めいひん | There are two Kanji writing with the same reading, and these have the almost same literal meaning "named thing". The following descriptions are applicable only to the fuuran world. 銘品: The registered varieties in the Japan Fūkiran Society which are written in the Fūkiran Meikan (富貴蘭銘鑑). So this term is a synonym of Fūkiran (the registered fuuran varieties). Note that the same Kanji 銘 (mei) is used in both meihin 銘品 and meikan 銘鑑. 名品: Excellent and famous varieties. Basically regardless of the registration, but sometimes used as the term which indicates the registered varieties, i.e., as the same term as 銘品. |
Ippin | 逸品 | いっぴん | A supremely excellent variety. |
Ippinmono | 一品物 | いっぴんもの | Literally "only one thing". A growth which is only one in the world regardless of its origin (found in the wild, mutated from a mother plant, or found from among millions of seedlings). |
Kawarimono | 変わりもの | かわりもの | Literally "strange thing". A fuuran different from the standard type of fuuran, regardless of its difference level. |
Megawari | 芽変わり | めがわり | Literally "sprout change" or "growth change". (i) An offshoot mutation from its mother growth, or a mutated offshoot. (ii) A growth mutation from original to other. Figure 1 shows an example of case (i). An offshoot growth on the left side has the Manazuru characteristic (Gintsuru). The offshoot growth of Fig. 2 is Houken, while the mother is Kansetsu (case (i)). But the mother growth seems to be turning to Houken, which is an example of case (ii). |
Sanken | 三剣 | さんけん | 'Houken (宝剣)', 'Kenryuu (剣龍)', and 'Mitsurugi (御剣)'. The direct translation of "sanken" is "three swords". The leaves of these three varieties look like sword. See "Lineages and Genealogies" section. |
Yonken | 四剣 | よんけん | Sanken + 1, i.e., 'Houken (宝剣)', 'Kenryuu (剣龍)', 'Mitsurugi (御剣)', and 'Kotou no tsurugi (湖東の剣)'. The direct translation of "yonken" is "four swords". The leaves of these four varieties look like sword. See Lineages and Genealogies section. |
Saku | 作 | さく | Literally "make". Appearance of fuuran as a result that a hobbyist made efforts to grow the fuuran well. It is considered that the appearance of the fuuran can reflect the hobbyist's efforts and way to grow. Also known as Tsukuri (作り). If the fuuran is good-looking, we say Saku ga ii (saku is good), but Saku ga warui (saku is bad) if not. Of course the saku ga ii fuurans will be more expensive than saku ga warui ones. Saku Saku ga ii Saku ga warui |
Tsukuri | 作り | つくり | Literally "make". Same as Saku (作). |
Shizenzukuri | 自然作り | しぜんづくり | Literally "natural make". The way to grow fuuran utilizing the natural climate. This term includes wide range of growing way from pure natural to near natural, though to use pots is common. The "pure natural" means that everything (such as watering, shading, and keeping temperature and humidity) is left to nature all year round except planting in pots. For example, fuurans are hanged under big trees and stay there all year round; the shading depends on the leaves of the trees, watering lelies on the rain, they hibernate in winter under the tree. This kind of growing way is specifically called Sutezukuri (捨て作り), which is an extreme type of Shizenzukuri. The "near natural" has wide spectrum; often to pass the winter under natural temperature without greenhouse is also called shizenzukuri. |
Sutezukuri | 捨て作り | すてづくり | Literally "throw-away make". An extreme case of Shizenzukuri. See Shizenzukuri (自然作り). |
Koru Korime |
凝る 凝り芽 |
こる こりめ |
Koru: Literally "get stiff". A verb. To put out stunted short leaves. This phenomena is often caused by undesirable growing conditions such as a mismatch of the water hardness, a side-effect of over-fertilizing, a side-effect of an insecticide, a side-effect of a fungicide, and so on. Especially 'Seikai (青海)' is easy to koru. Korime: A stunted growth of which leaves are abnormally shorter than those of a normal growth. Sometimes the leaves get shorter suddenly or gradually though the plant was growing healthily till that time. And sometimes an offshoot baby comes out as a korime. Koru Korime |
Mureru | 蒸れる | むれる | Literally "get steamed". A verb which means that the roots in the wet moss get steamed and damaged because of high temperature (which depends on season or high light) with poor ventilation. Rarely steamed if unglazed clay pots are used, but sometimes steamed when plastic pots or rakubachi are used, especially in summer, in room, or in car. |
Shindomari Shintsuu |
芯止まり 芯痛 |
しんどまり しんつう |
That the cell division stops at the growth point and a new leaf doesn't come out. Shindomari Shintsuu |
Saijou Saijō |
最上 | さいじょう | This is a general Japanese word which means "the finest" or "the best". |
Sakuba | 作場 | さくば | Literally "making place". A place where a hobbyist grows fuuran, regardless of the type of the space (greenhouse, outdoor place, veranda, with/without pot stands or pot hangers, etc.). Also known as Tana (棚). |
Tana | 棚 | たな | Literally "rack" or "shelf". A place where a hobbyist grows fuuran, regardless of the type of the space (greenhouse, outdoor place, veranda, with/without pot stands or pot hangers, etc.). Also known as Sakuba (作場). |
Onshitsu | 温室 | おんしつ | A greenhouse. Usually heated in winter. |
Oodana Ōdana |
大棚 | おおだな | Literally "big rack". A person who has many fuurans or that person's growing place. See Tana (棚). |
Tanawari | 棚割り | たなわり | Literally "rack division". A plant which was divided and sold by a hobbyist. Especially often used for a division from a famous fuuran grower. |
Wariko | 割り子 | わりこ | Literally a "divided child". An offshoot child growth divided from a mother plant. A division. It is said that it will be better that the offshoot child has three or more roots when divided. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Ha -ba |
葉 | は -ば |
Leaf. See Fuuran diagram. Ha: kun'yomi (訓読み), -ba: kun'yomi with rendaku (連濁を伴う訓読み). For example, Haguri (葉繰り) and Himeba (姫葉). The on'yomi reading is "yō" just FYI. |
Tenba | 天葉 | てんば | Top leaf. See Fuuran diagram. |
Honba | 本葉 | ほんば | Mature leaf. See Fuuran diagram. |
Shitaba | 下葉 | したば | A leaf in the lowest position or several leaves in lower position of a growth. See Fuuran diagram. |
Chiba | 稚葉 | ちば | Infant (baby) short leaves which come out at the beginning of the growth of a new baby. See Fuuran diagram. |
Oyagi | 親木 | おやぎ | Parent or Mother plant of a division or the oldest growth in a clump. See Fuuran diagram. |
Ko | 子 | こ | Child, (offshoot) baby, or young growth. See Fuuran diagram. |
Atari | 当たり | あたり | Literally "hit". This term describes a sprout on the stem which we can see (sometimes hidden) in a leaf sheath as shown in Fig.1. Usually an atari cannot be distinguished if it is a leaf bud or a flower bud, so the term generally indicates the two meanings. Note that atari is more often written in Katakana characters as "アタリ" than using Kanji and Hiragana characters in these days. In a narrow sense, atari means a leaf bud. In this case, Atari is a short for Meatari (芽当たり, literally "sprout hit"). This may come from a lottery because "atari" means "to win a lottery". In many cases, a leaf bud is much more desirable to many growers than a flower bud because one of the main objectives to grow fuuran is to make an artistic clump (especially regarding variegated varieties), or because the growers may be able to sell divisions (wariko) several years later. So the grower feels "lucky" when an atari is found to be a leaf bud. Be careful because the uncertainty of this term described above is sometimes badly used, especially on the internet auctions. Note that usually only one atari will come out from the inside of one leaf sheath. So other atari(s) will never come out from the position where a flower spike or an offshoot baby already came out. The leaf sheath at which a flower spike or an offshoot baby has not come out yet is referred to as 'Akibeya (空き部屋)' which means a vacant room. Very rarely, two ataris appear in one leaf sheath as shown in Fig. 2. Atari Meatari |
Meatari | 芽当たり | めあたり | Literally "sprout hit". Same meaning as Atari (当たり). See Atari. |
Eri | 襟 | えり | Literally "collar". The area around a stem where leaf sheaths or leaf bases overlap. See Erigumi (襟組み). |
Koshi | 腰 | こし | Literally "hip". The area of the leaf base shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Usually the leaf sheath is not included, but sometimes this term, in a broad sense, indicates the base of the plant, and the area of the leaf sheaths and around the leaf joints. |
Jiku | 軸 | じく | Stem but usually covered with leaf sheaths. So, strictly speaking, we cannot see the true jiku. The term jiku actually means the leaf sheath surface around the stem. See Fuuran diagram. |
Ne | 根 | ね | Root. Usually describes a whole root from the root joint to the root tip. But when we describe the active root tip colors, this term indicates the active root tip. See Fuuran diagram. |
Nesaki | 根先 | ねさき | Root tip. Especially active root tip. See the notation of the term Ne (根) and Fuuran diagram. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Tsuke | 付け | つけ | The line of the leaf joint between the leaf and the leaf sheath at which the leaf abscises when it is dead
(see Fuuran diagram). The line shape is one of the key traits from which we can distinguish the varieties. There are four basic shapes, i.e., Ichimonji gata (一文字型, straight), Nami gata (波型, wavy), Tsukigata (月型, crescent), Yama gata (山型, mountain). "Gata (型)" means the shape. If a leaf has no tsuke, we call Tsuke nashi (付け無し). Typically each variety has one specific type of tsuke, but sometimes there are varieties which have a few tsuke shapes in one growth. Note that slight differences can be found in the same tsuke shape, eg., we can find shallow crescent shape and deep crescent shape or high mountain and low mountain. Also note that the tsuke shape may be sometimes related to the flower shape. For example, bean leaf varieties with tsuke of Tsukigata often have standard-shaped flowers, but bean leaf varieties with other tsuke shapes have tenzaki flowers with shorter spurs and non-curved petals. Triple spur varieties often shows the Namigata tsuke shape (which may not appear in all leaves though). |
Tsukigata | 月型 | つきがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Half circular arc. It looks like the shape of a crescent moon. This is a typical shape. The literal translation is "moon shape". Often abbreviated to Tsuki. |
Ichimonjigata | 一文字型 | いちもんじがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Straight line. It looks like the shape of a Kanji character "一" which means one. Often abbreviated to Ichimonji. Figure 3 shows an example of exsistence of two tsuke types (Ichimonji and Tsuki) in one growth. |
Yamagata | 山型 | やまがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Mountain shape. Often abbreviated to Yama. |
Namigata | 波型 | なみがた | One of the leaf joint shapes. Wavy shape. Often abbreviated to Nami. |
Tsukenashi | 付け無し | つけなし | A characteristic where a leaf has no tsuke or a variety which has no tsuke. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Sumi | 墨 | すみ | Literally "black ink". Usually we say "Sumi wo nagasu" which means "let black ink flow". But basically this characteristic should be distinguished from its color. Sumi is caused by a physical mutation of cells, usually in the epidermis layer of leaves. Sumi appears longitudinally along a leaf and looks translucent, glossy, and a bit dark green line. Sumi is sometimes a fine indented linear striation, and sometimes shows as a bit wide streak; sometimes long but sometimes short. To say it without worrying about being misunderstood, it may be possible to say that sumi is a kind of linear "defect" or "scar" of cellular tissue on the leaf surface which looks like scratch. Anyway, it will be sure that there is a physical difference between the sumi area and the other area of the leaf surface. Sumi can appear on both/either the top and/or bottom surface of the leaf. When sumi is on the bottom side of a leaf, often it looks a kind of the disorder of the stomata pattern, and the sumi area has fewer stomata than the other area of the leaf surface. My present understanding of sumi is shown in Fig. 1. The ways of appearance are categorized into two groups, i.e., without/with coloration (S1 and S2). The colored group S2 is further subcategorized into three (S2-1 to S2-3). The sumi in Category S1 often turns to S2 as the leaf ages, sooner or later, overall or partially. When the anthocyanin pigmentation (S2-1) appears on the green area, the sumi area gets dark because of the mix of the colors of anthocyanin and chlorophyll. But if the pigmentation is on the variegated area, beautiful pink or purple coloration often appear. In case that the plant has little pigments except chlorophyll, like 'Suminagashi 墨流し', the sumi will not turn to S2-1 but it will be possible to turn to S2-2 or S2-3. The black-colored portions in Category S2-2 are called "Yani ヤニ" which is literally "tar". When the initial lustrous green streak turned black later, "Yani is showing up on sumi" is the correct expression, strictly speaking. But in daily conversations, this black line itself is often referred to as sumi, which causes the confusion. Also, sometimes corky bumps or line will come out on/along sumi (S2-3). The way of appearance and change of the sumi significantly depends on the varieties that have sumi characteristic (sometimes the growing conditions such as light intensity will also affect the appearance of sumi). It is considered that these colorations may come out to protect the "wounded" sumi part, but I'm not sure. It should be noted that sumi indicates a physical mutation of cells ("scar") on leaves rather than colorations. Therefore, colorations without any physical mutations of cells such as Azuki fu will not be referred to as sumi, even if they appear linearly on the leaf surface. Sumi Sumi wo nagasu Fig. 1 Sumi diagram Fig. 2 Examples of sumi without coloration (Category S1 in Fig. 1). The color of these streaks shows the substrate color, but the surface texture in the sumi area is different from the other area. (a) An uncolored streak is on the top leaf. Maybe this sumi will be colored black later with yani. (Other photo(s) will come soon.) Fig. 3 Examples of sumi colored with anthocyanin on green area (Category S2-1 on green in Fig. 1). The color of sumi line gets dark by a mix of anthocyanin and chlorophyll. (a) This figure shows the fine sumi striations with very dark purple (purplish black) coloration, while the anthocyanin pigmentation of the outside of the striations are not sumi. Note that 'Kurogane kokubotan 黒金黒牡丹' is a kind of 'Kokubotan 黒牡丹', which is a personal name to distinguish from other Kokubotan specimens. 'Kurogane botan 黒金牡丹' is a kind of Kinbotan mutated from Kokubotan, and 'Kurogane kokubotan' is an offshoot Kokubotan growth from 'Kurogane botan'. That is, Kokubotan → Kurogane botan (Kinbotan) → Kurogane kokubotan (Kokubotan). (b) The same specimen as (a), i.e., a photo of opposite side of (a). An example of a bit wide sumi streak. (c) and (d) are the videos to see the luster of sumi on the top leaf shown in (b). (c) is by the rotation of the plant and (d) by change of the angle of light. It can be seen that the sumi line on the top leaf is lustrous. (e) An example to show the difference of colors between sumi lines on green and variegated areas. The anthocyanin-pigmented sumi on the green area is much darker than variegated area. The purplish sumi on the top leaf will gradually become darker as the leaf ages because Kinbotan variegation has nochikurami characteristic. Fig. 4 Examples of sumi colored with anthocyanin on variegated area (Category S2-1 on variegatoin in Fig. 1). The sumi line is colored pinkish or purplish by anthocyanin without chlorophyll. (a) and (b) are the same specimen of Awazuminishiki and anthocyanin-pigmented spots in line on the sumi streak can be seen. (a) shows the colored spots on the top surface of the leaf and (b) on the bottom surface. Note that the spots on the green area are much darker. (c) shows minuter (mist-like) anthocyanin-pigmented spots than (a) and (b). Fig. 5 Examples of sumi with ooze of Yani (Category S2-2 in Fig. 1). Yani is literally "tar". (a) and (b) Ooze of yani on the sumi streak can be seen. (a) shows the yani on the bottom surface of the leaf and (b) on the top surface. (c) shows an example of partial yani. (d) is an example of yani spots on the plants which has no anthocyanin pigment. Yani is black on both green and variegated areas, though the colors of the anthocyanin pigmentation are different as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 6 Examples of sumi with corky bump or line (Category S2-3 in Fig. 1). (a) Corky bumps on the sumi streak with scattered yani can be seen. (b) Raised corky line with black yani margin can be seen. |
Matsuba | 松葉 | まつば | The direct translation is "pine needle". Green chirifu on variegated area. These scattered minute green flecks look like pine needles on white or yellow variegation. Usually we say "Matsuba wo chirasu (松葉を散らす)" which means "scatter pine needles". Matsuba Matsuba wo chirasu |
Doro wo kamu | 泥を噛む | どろをかむ | Literally "chew mud". A verb which indicates the pale or small muddy pigmentation on the stem area or active root tip. For example, when the stem area or the active root tips are almost green but colored muddy very palely or in very small area, we say "doro wo kamu, looking closely". |
Azuki fu | 小豆斑 | あずきふ | Anthocyanin pigmentation on leaves. The direct translation is "adzuki bean variegation". See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzuki_bean. Usually this is not essential variegation but temporary one depending on growing conditions such as high light, low temperature and temperature difference. |
Benikuma | 紅隈 | べにくま | Literally, "red area". Anthocyanin pigmentation on leaf (often on variegated area) and leaf sheath (stem). The color of benikuma ranges widely; pink, red, purple, and brown.
Figure 1 shows 'Beniougi' leaves where the red benikuma appears on the variegated parts. Figure 2 is 'Amami shima (奄美縞)' where the pink benikuma appears on the striped area of the longest leaf. Figure 3 is 'Suishou fukurin (水晶覆輪)'. Pale brownish purple benikuma can be seen on the variegated area, especially on the small baby in lower left and the larger offshoot. Also on the mother growth has the same tone benikuma on the upper right (a bit short) leaf. Click to see larger photo and scale it up if you can't find this subtle color change. Figure 4 is an exmple of the different type of benikuma. This is a close-up of the stem of 'Zuishou (瑞晶)'. The dark-brown anthocyanin pigmentations around tsukes (leaf joints) can be seen. This is also referred to as benikuma. |
Beni wo sasu | 紅を挿す | べにをさす | Literally "insert red". A verb which means that red or pink pigmentation appears on plant parts, i.e., flower, leaf, stem, and active root tip. For example, 'Beniougi (紅扇)' shows red pigmentation on their variegated area, which is called beni wo sasu. The differences from the term Benikuma are: the brown color is not included, and flower and active root tip are included. Because the red, pink and purplish pigmentation on leaves are shown in Figs. 1 - 3 of Benikuma (see the notation of Benikuma), examples of flowers are shown here. Figures 1 and 2 show the flowers where the pale pink pigmentation on the tips of petals and/or sepals can be seen. On the other hand, Tengyokuhou flower shows the pale pink pigmentation on the base of petals/sepals as shown in Fig. 3. Note that this term (and also benikuma) indicates the partial pigmentation of the plant parts. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Saeru | 冴える | さえる | Literally "become vivid". A verb which describes the process of the change of the variegation brightness from dark to bright. For example, see Nochizae (後冴え) and Tenzae (天冴え). Also known as Hazeru (晴ぜる). Cf. Kuramu (暗む). |
Hazeru | 晴ぜる | はぜる | Literally "become clear". A verb which describes the process of the change of the variegation brightness from dark to bright. For example, see Nochihaze (後晴ぜ) and Imahaze (今晴ぜ). Also known as Saeru (冴える). Cf. Kuramu (暗む). |
Tenzae | 天冴え | てんざえ | Literally "top becomes vivid". A characteristic where a new (top) leaf comes out with clear variegation. Also known as Imahaze (今晴ぜ). Typically the variegation remains clear on the old leaves. But there are some varieties of which variegation gets dark as the leaf matures. Usually we call this type of variegation Nochikurami but sometimes call it Tenzae Nochikurami to describe the variegated way more clearly. |
Imahaze | 今晴ぜ | いまはぜ | Literally "to become clear now". A characteristic where a new (top) leaf comes out with clear variegation. Also known as Tenzae (天冴え). Typically the variegation remains clear on the old leaves. But there are some varieties of which variegation gets dark as the leaf matures. Usually we call this type of variegation Nochikurami but sometimes call it Imahaze Nochikurami to describe the variegated way more clearly. |
Nochizae | 後冴え | のちざえ | The variegation is unclear on top leaf but then it becomes bright as the leaf matures. The speed of the development of the variegation contrast depends on varieties. Also known as Nochihaze (後晴ぜ). The literal translation is "to become vivid later". Cf. Nochikurami (後暗み) and Tenzae (天冴え). Typical nochizae variegation change is shown in Fig. 1. The variegation of the top leaf gradually gets bright. The variegation shown in Fig. 2 is an example of the nochizae change with kumo (see the term description of kumo). Figure 3 shows an example of very slow nochizae change. It will take about two years for the variegation to get bright. |
Nochihaze | 後晴ぜ | のちはぜ | The variegation is unclear on top leaf but then it becomes bright as the leaf matures. The speed of the development of the variegation contrast depends on varieties. Also known as Nochizae (後冴え). The literal translation is "to become clear later". Cf. Nochikurami (後暗み) and Imahaze (今晴ぜ). Typical nochihaze variegation change is shown in Fig. 1. The variegation of the top leaf gradually gets bright. The variegation shown in Fig. 2 is an example of the nochihaze change with kumo (see the term description of kumo). Figure 3 shows an example of very slow nochihaze change. It will take about two years for the variegation to get bright. |
Kuramu | 暗む | くらむ | Literally "become dark". A verb which describes the process of the change of the variegation brightness from bright to dark (to solid green in many cases). For example, see Nochikurami (後暗み) and Akebonofu (曙斑). Cf. Saeru (冴える) and Hazeru (晴ぜる). |
Nochikurami | 後暗み | のちくらみ | The variegation is bright on top leaf but then it becomes unclear or disappears to be almost solid green as the leaf matures. The literal translation is "to become dark later". Cf. Nochizae. |
Kumo | 雲 | くも | Literally "cloud". Unclear green (cloud-like) parts which appear on variegated areas. Usually we say "Kumo wo ukaberu" which means "float clouds". Several varieties, such as 'Unryuu no taki' and 'Renjoumaru', show this type of variegation in the transient process to mature. Kumo Kumo wo ukaberu |
Fugire | 斑切れ | ふぎれ | Literally "variegation cut". This term describes the appearance way of variegation that the boundary between the variegated area and green background is clear or not. When the boundary is clear, we say fugire ga ii (斑切れが良い, fugire is good), while fugire ga warui (斑切れが悪い, fugire is bad) if unclear. This term is often used for the description of tora fu, i.e., indicates the longitudinal clearness of the lateral variegation boundary to the leaf. Kiri tora fu (切り虎斑) is fugire ga ii tora fu. Fugire Fugire ga ii Fugire ga warui |
Kon ga noru Kon no nori Kon nori |
紺が乗る 紺の乗り 紺乗り |
こんがのる こんののり こんのり |
Kon ga noru: Literally "deep blue rides". Means that green area appears on leaves. For example, offshoot babies of "Fuukiden (富貴殿)" often come out without chlorophyll (yuurei), but several years later green center may appear, which we call Kon ga noru. Kon no nori and Kon nori: Conditions of appearance of green area on leaves. Both words have the same meaning. Literally "ride of deep blue" and "deep blue ride", respectively. When the green area is enough, we say Kon no nori ga ii (紺の乗りが良い, appearance of the green area is good) or Kon nori ga ii (紺乗りが良い). But if poor, Kon no nori ga warui (紺の乗りが悪い, appearance of the green area is bad) or Kon nori ga warui (紺乗りが悪い). Kon ga noru Kon no nori Kon nori Kon no nori ga ii Kon nori ga ii Kon no nori ga warui Kon nori ga warui |
Nori wo hiku | 糊を引く | のりをひく | Leaf surface looks like it has a translucent film like thin paste film and the boundary between variegated area and green area is unclear. See the surface of 'Fuukiden' leaves. The direct translation is "spread paste thinly". |
Kootome Kōtome Kootome saijou Kōtome saijō |
コート目 コート目最上 |
こーとめ こーとめさいじょう |
The origin of this term is unknown. The same meaning as Kushime jima (櫛目縞). Kootome saijou = Kootome + Saijou. These two terms, Kootome and Kootome saijou, have the same meaning. See Kushime jima (櫛目縞). Sometimes spelled as Koutome. Kootome Kootome saijou |
Kushimejima Kushimegara |
櫛目縞 櫛目柄 |
くしめじま くしめがら |
Kushimejima is literally "comb pattern stripe". The appearance way of stripe where the many fine stripes are on all over the leaf surface, which looks like a pattern traced by a comb. Note that we don't call just a few narrow stripes Kushimejima. The word kushime (comb pattern) intrinsically includes the meaning of "many" lines. And also we don't say Kushimejima in case that the stripes are shifted to one side of leaves even if the stripes are fine. Kushimejima is also known as Kushimegara, where the word gara indicates stripe, i.e., shima in this case. Cf. Boujima. Kushimejima Kushimegara |
Abareru | 暴れる | あばれる | Literally "behave wildly". A verb which describes that the way of the appearance of variegation is unstable: (i) the variegation pattern in one growth is hade on some leaves while jimi on the other leaves, or (ii) some growths have hade variegation while the others jimi in one clump. Also known as Areru (荒れる). |
Areru | 荒れる | あれる | Literally "get coarse". A verb which describes that the way of the appearance of variegation is unstable: (i) the variegation pattern in one growth is hade on some leaves while jimi on the other leaves, or (ii) some growths have hade variegation while the other growths jimi in one clump. Also known as Abareru (暴れる). |
Hade Hadegara |
派手 派手柄 |
はで はでがら |
Literally "showy". To be showily variegated. Often the variegated area is wider than the green area. "Hadegara" is a showy variegation pattern or a plant which is variegated showily. This term is (i) usually used to describe the more variegated plants or leaves than standard ones of the cultivar, but (ii) sometimes refers to originally showy varieties comparered to other less variegated or humble-colored cultivars. In case of (i), usually hadegara plants are not prefered because those are often weak and slow growers, often put out offshoot babies without chlorophyll (yuurei), or furthermore, often themselves turn to yuurei growths. For several varieties such as 'Fugaku', 'Keiga' and 'Hakubotan', however, hadegara plants are desirable. Cf. Jimi. Hade Hadegara Figures 1 and 2 show the examples of more hade offshoot babies than the mother growth. Figure 3 is an example that a (mother) plant is gradually turning to a hadegara plant. Comparison between hade and jimi specimens of Nishidemiyako is shown in Figs. 4 - 6. |
Hadesaijou Hadesaijō |
派手最上 | はでさいじょう | Hade + Saijou. The finest variegation pattern (Saijou) but a bit shifted to hade side. Sometimes used to describe a hade plant favorably at auctions or in case that we have to speak well of a hade plant. Cf. Jimisaijou (地味最上). |
Jimi Jimigara |
地味 地味柄 |
じみ じみがら |
Literally "humble" or "quiet". To be subtly variegated. Often the variegated area is very small compared to the green area. "Jimigara" is a subtle variegation pattern or a plant which is variegated subtly. This term is (i) usually used to describe the less variegated plants or leaves than standard ones of the cultivar, but (ii) sometimes refers to originally modest varieties comparered to other more variegated or showy-colored cultivars. In case of (i), usually jimigara plants are more prefered than hadegara plants because jimigara plants can put out more hade babies than the mother fan in many cases. Note that the criterion for jimi or hade sometimes depends on the variety. Cf. Hade. Jimi Jimigara Figure 1 shows the example of more jimi mother growth than the lower left offshoot baby. Figures 2 and 3 are the examples of cultivars with originally quiet-colored (jimi) variegation. Comparison between jimi and hade specimens of Nishidemiyako is shown in Figs. 4 - 6. |
Jimisaijou Jimisaijō |
地味最上 | じみさいじょう | Jimi + Saijou. The finest variegation pattern (Saijou) but a bit shifted to jimi side. Sometimes used to describe a jimi plant favorably at auctions or in case that we have to speak well of a jimi plant. Cf. Hadesaijou (派手最上). |
Boujima Bōjima |
棒縞 | ぼうじま | Literally "stick stripe". The appearance way of stripe where a few (usually one or two) wide stripes appear on a leaf. Usually, a boujima goes through a leaf from the leaf joint to the leaf tip. See Figs. 1 - 4. In many cases, collectors will not like boujima specimens, so the price of boujima specimens is generally much lower than that of ones with fine stripes. Cf. Kushimejima. Note that usually the wide stripe on the leaf margin is not called boujima. For example, the wide stripes shown in Fig. 5 are not boujima. |
Hangara | 半柄 | はんがら | Literally "half pattern". A variegation state where one longitudinal half of a leaf is variegated and the other half is solid green with no variegation. An extreme case of hangara is genpei. |
Genpei Genpei gara |
源平 源平柄 |
げんぺい げんぺいがら |
Literal translation of Genpei is "Genji and Heike" (see Genpei War). A variegation state where one longitudinal half of a leaf is entirely variegated with no chlorophyll and the other half is solid green with no variegation. Genpei gara = Genpei + Gara (see Gara). This state is an extreme case of hangara (半柄). The word genpei may come from that this unmixable state of green and white (or yellow) is similar to the relation beween Genji and Heike. Generally, the ghost baby growths (yuurei) often come out from the variegated side, while solid green growths (ao) often do from the solid green side. So genpei specimens are not desirable from the viewpoint of growth stability, and many Japanese collectors tend to avoid getting genpei specimens, which leads to lower price of genpei specimens. Genpei Genpei gara |
Katafukurin | 片覆輪 | かたふくりん | Literally "one side marginal variegation". The only half side of a leaf has the marginal variegation. |
Yuurei Yūrei |
幽霊 | ゆうれい | This is not a variegation name. Leaf or plant that do not have chlorophyll at all. In case of yuurei leaf, often we call it yuureiba (幽霊葉). Several variegated varieties, especially hade specimens, tend to turn to more hade plant and sometimes turn to yuurei growth finally, or often put out yuurei offshoot babies. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Mameba | 豆葉 | まめば | Leaf which becomes short and wide. The direct translation is "bean leaf". |
Hiroba | 広葉 | ひろば | Wide leaf. For example, 'Hiroba-Kinroukaku (広葉金鏤閣)' is a wide leaf type of 'Kinroukaku'. Cf. Hosoba. |
Hosoba | 細葉 | ほそば | Narrow leaf. For example, 'Hosoba-Kinroukaku (細葉金鏤閣)' is a narrow leaf type of 'Kinroukaku'. Cf. Hiroba. |
Hariba | 針葉 | はりば | Literally "needle leaf". A leaf form which has narrow width and sharp tip like a needle. Or varieties of which leaves have this form. Usually its side-view shape is standing leaf. |
Konohagata | 木の葉型 | このはがた | Wide leaf which looks like a leaf of a broad-leaved tree. Lanceolate shape. E.g., 'Ooemaru no shima'. |
Marudome | 丸止め | まるどめ | Outline of leaf is roundly tapered towards the leaf tip (hasaki, 葉先). The literal translation is "round stop". Usually we say "hasaki marudome (葉先丸止め)". Marudome Hasaki marudome |
Noshiba | 熨斗葉 | のしば | Leaf which is pinched and closed at the middle part but open at the leaf tip. This leaf looks like "Noshi" which is a decoration of folded red and white paper for gifts to express the respect of the sender. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noshi. The direct translation is "noshi leaf". |
Toiba | 樋葉 | といば | Leaf of which cross section looks like "V". The direct translation is "gutter leaf". |
Kudaba | 管葉 | くだば | Leaf which is folded or closed. The direct translation is "tube leaf". |
Enbiba | 燕尾葉 | えんびば | Literally "swallow tail leaf". A leaf which is split into two, which looks like a swallow tail. |
Suzumushiken | 鈴虫剣 | すずむしけん | Leaf which has pointed tip as if pinched. The pointed leaf tip looks like an ovipositor of bell cricket (suzumushi). The direct translation is "bell cricket sword". |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Jiai | 地合い | じあい | Surface texture of leaves. E.g., Kinuji (絹地). |
Kinuji | 絹地 | きぬじ | Smooth and fine texture on leaf surface like silk. The direct translation is "silk texture". |
Teriba Tsuyaba |
照り葉 艶葉 |
てりば つやば |
Literally, Teriba is "shiny leaf" and Tsuyaba is "glossy leaf". Both have the same meaning, i.e., a characteristic where the leaves have glossy surface. Cf. Tsuyakeshi. Teriba Tsuyaba |
Tsuyakeshi | 艶消し | つやけし | Literally "matt". That the leaf surfaces are matt. Cf. Teriba and Tsuyaba. |
Rashaba | 羅紗葉 | らしゃば | Leaf which has rough surface texture like a woolen cloth, or the varieties that have such leaves. The direct translation is "woolen cloth leaf". Note that Rashaba is a bit longitudinal pattern, while Yasuriba is rather lateral to the leaf. |
Yasuriba | 鑢葉 | やすりば | Leaf which has rough surface texture like a file or a rasp. The direct translation is "file leaf". Note that Rashaba is a bit longitudinal pattern, while Yasuriba is rather lateral to the leaf. |
Kenjousen Kenjōsen |
堅条線 | けんじょうせん | Indented line or thin groove on the surface of leaf. Sometimes roots also can have Kenjousen (see 2.2.6-A4 Roots with Kenjousen (堅条線, indented lines)). |
Ritsujousen | 立条線 | りつじょうせん | Raised longitudinal lines on a leaf surface. Cf. Kenjousen (堅条線). |
Kouryuuba Kōryūba |
甲龍葉 | こうりゅうば | Leaf on which raised longitudinal pleats are. The direct translation is "shell dragon leaf". Note that the raised longitudinal pleat is called Kouryuu (Kōryū) 甲龍. |
Urakouryuu Urakōryū |
裏甲龍 | うらこうりゅう | The raised longitudinal pleats (Kouryuu) on the back side of a leaf. Or a temporary variety name (see the name list of U in Unregistered Varieties section). |
Gashi | 雅糸 | がし | Literally "elegant thread". Thread-like rises of leaf surface which look like keloid. The height of gashi is lower than kouryuu. |
Konpe | - | こんぺ | Protrusions like "Konpeitou candy". As for Fuukiran, different tissues are included on a leaf, which looks like Konpeitou protuberances. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Osa | 筬 | おさ | Spaces between the leaves around the stem. We say "Osa ga tsumaru" for tight spaces, and "Osa ga yurui" for loose spaces. Osa Osa ga tsumaru Osa ga yurui |
Eriawase Erigumi |
襟合わせ 襟組み |
えりあわせ えりぐみ |
Literally, "collar setting" for Eriawase and "collar arrangement" for Erigumi. The layers of leaf sheaths and leaf bases around a stem. This term comes from the overlapping collars of Kimono which is very neat. These two terms have the same meaning. Usually we say "Eriawase ga yoi" or "Erigumi ga yoi" (Literally "Eriawase or Erigumi is good") when the leaf sheaths and leaf bases are layered with regularity. See also Eri (襟). Eriawase Eriawase ga yoi Erigumi Erigumi ga yoi See Google image search results of 'Kimono Eri' (着物 襟). The collar of Kimono is found to be similar to the overlap of the leaf sheaths. |
Hagasane | 葉重ね | はがさね | Literally "overlap of leaves". This term indicates the number of leaves which a growth retains. Usually we say "Hagasane ga yoi" (literally "Hagasane is good") when a plant has many leaves, which means the leaves can be retained for a long time. This term reminds us of "layer" of leaves, so it is often used for bean leaf plants which have many leaves. Hagasane often depends on growing conditions, so hobbyists usually want to find Hagasane ga yoi growing conditions. Hagasane Hagasane ga yoi |
Haguri | 葉繰り | はぐり | Literally "to put out leaves". This term indicates (i)the number of leaves which a growth puts out per one year or (ii)the number of leaves which a growth retains. Usually we say "Haguri ga yoi" (literally "Haguri is good") --- for the case (i), when a growth puts out more leaves per a year than other fuuran plants. An example of this case is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Figure 2 is the same plant as Fig. 1 and was taken one year later. The red and orange arrows show the same leaves. Three leaves came out in one year, which is more than the standard case (about 2 leaves in one year). Usually this case includes the case (ii), i.e., we hardly use the term haguri ga yoi for plants which has standard number of leaves as a result that the number of emerging and falling leaves per a year are almost the same (occasionally there are varieties or specimens which haguri ga yoi but hamochi ga warui (see the note of Hamochi)), and for the case (ii), when a plant has many leaves, which means the leaves can be retained for a long time (see Fig. 3). Haguri often depends on growing conditions, so hobbyists usually want to find Haguri ga yoi growing conditions. Haguri Haguri ga yoi |
Hamochi | 葉持ち | はもち | Literally "retention of leaves". This term indicates the number of leaves which a growth retains. Usually we say "Hamochi ga yoi" (literally "Hamochi is good") when a plant has many leaves, which means the leaves can be retained for a long time; and "Hamochi ga warui" (literally "Hamochi is bad") for the opposite case. Hamochi often depends on growing conditions, so hobbyists usually want to find Hamochi ga yoi growing conditions. Hamochi Hamochi ga yoi Hamochi ga warui |
Koshi ga hikui Koshi ga takai |
腰が低い 腰が高い |
こしがひくい こしがたかい |
When the angle of leaf sheath and of leaf around the leaf joint is small to the horizontal, we call it Koshi ga hikui. Literally "hip is low". This small angle brings the low position of koshi (see the notation of the term Koshi) especially of the lower leaves. On the other hand, if the angle is large, it's referred to as Koshi ga takai (literally "hip is high") because this large angle brings the high position of koshi. In many cases, Koshi ga takai varieties are tachi himeba (立ち姫葉). Note that these terms are rarely used for the standing straight leaf varieties. Koshi ga hikui Koshi ga takai An example of "Koshi ga hikui" variety: 'Unryuu no taki 雲龍滝'. An example of "Koshi ga takai" variety: 'Ten'yuu 天優'. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Hana -bana -ka |
花 | はな -ばな -か |
Flower. See Fuuran diagram. Hana: kun'yomi (訓読み), -bana: kun'yomi with rendaku (連濁を伴う訓読み), -ka: on'yomi (音読み). The reading depends on the word prefixed to 花, for example, Akabana (赤花) and Tairinka (大輪花). |
Kaben | 花弁 | かべん | Flower petal. Usually fuuran has two petals. The term Kaben often means both the two petals and three sepals in daily conversations. See Fuuran diagram. |
Gakuhen | 萼片 | がくへん | Sepal. Usually fuuran has three sepals. See Fuuran diagram. |
Shinben | 唇弁 | しんべん | Lip. Sometimes called "Shita (舌)" which literally means "tongue". See Fuuran diagram. |
Kyo | 距 | きょ | Spur of a flower. See Fuuran diagram. |
Tsubomi | 蕾 | つぼみ | Unopened flower buds, which will open in near future. |
Kakei | 花茎 | かけい | Flower stem. See Fuuran diagram. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Tenzaki | 天咲き | てんざき | Literally "sky bloom". A flower characteristic where the flowers bloom towards the sky. Strictly speaking, in addition to the bloom facing upwards, the flower has a shorter spur than the standard one and the petals curve not so much backwards. One of the representative is 'Tamakongou' flower. But in these days, this term often means only the upward-facing blooming way. |
Hoshizaki | 星咲き | ほしざき | Literally "star blooming". A characteristic where flowers, typically rokubenka, bloom upwards facing. E.g., 'Hoshiguruma (星車)', 'Kinboshi (金星)' and 'Aoboshi (青星)'. |
Yaezaki | 八重咲き | やえざき | Double-petal flower. Literally "eight layer bloom" which means many petals are layered in one flower. |
Danzaki | 段咲き | だんざき | A kind of Yaezaki. The flower stem part to which the flower parts attach is longer than that of Yaezaki flowers, resulting in more floral parts and gorgeous appearance. |
Chouzaki Chōzaki |
蝶咲き | ちょうざき | Literally "Butterfly bloom". A flower with mutated sepals reminds us of a butterfly. The representatives are 'Benihichou (紅飛蝶)' and 'Kochou no mai (胡蝶の舞)'. This is called "Kochouzaki (胡蝶咲き)" in Shunran (春蘭) world. |
Sanchouzaki Sanchōzaki |
三蝶咲き | さんちょうざき | Literally "Three butterfly bloom". Flower with three spurs. One of the spurs always grows from the base of the lip, which is the same as the normal flowers, but the other two will come out (i)from two petals (e.g., Manjushage) or (ii)from lower two sepals (e.g., Hanakanzashi). |
Kabutozaki | 兜咲き | かぶとざき | Literally "helmet bloom". A lip and two petals are normal but three sepals are difficult to open, so the flowers tend to be in half bloom with closed tips of the sepals or only the lip and petals may come out from between the petals. But eventually they often fully open. This type of flower looks like old Japanese war helmet which millitary commanders used in Sengoku Period. The representative veriety is 'Yatsufusa (八房)'. |
Kodakarazaki | 子宝咲き | こだからざき | Literally "child treasure bloom". Many flowers bloom side by side densely. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Hachi | 鉢 | はち | Pot. See Fuuran diagram. |
Kazaribachi Keshoubachi |
飾り鉢 化粧鉢 |
かざりばち けしょうばち |
Literally "decorative pot" and "make-up pot", respectively. Pots used to display such as Nishikibachi and Sukashibachi. Kazaribachi Keshoubachi The following two with Kiribako are made by Ms. Carol Helen Beule of First House Furnishings in USA. |
Rakubachi | 楽鉢 | らくばち | For fuuran pots, this term generally indicates black-glazed pots made by using the "Rakuyaki (楽焼)" technique. The black-only rakubachi is referred to as Kurorakubachi (黒楽鉢) or simply Kuroraku (黒楽). The rakubachis with a gold edge of flange and gold legs are called Kinbuchi (金縁) or Fuchikin (縁金) (see Kinbuchi or Fuchikin). Usually, the rakubachi with kinbuchi or higher grade decorative pots should be used to display fuukiran at Shows in Japan. So the black-only rakubachis are generally used only for daily cultivation. |
Nishikibachi | 錦鉢 | にしきばち | Literally "brocade pot". A highly decorated rakubachi. Usually, a painter called "Etsukeshi (絵付師)" draws an enamel picture on a black-only rakubachi (kuroraku) by using paint brushes ("Etsuke (絵付け)", see also Etsuke). Mr. Satoru Fuse (布施覚氏) and Mr. Shinji Sugiura of Airakuen (愛楽園 杉浦慎治氏) are famous etsukeshi. Nishikibachi Etsuke Etsukeshi |
Sukashibachi | 透かし鉢 | すかしばち | A pot with openwork. The word "openwork" is "sukashi (透かし)" in Japanese. Usually, sukashibachi indicates artistic openwork ceramic pots which are often used for display at a Show. There are three famous masters of making sukashibachi in the present day (2020) in Japan: Mr. Shunji Mitsuhashi (三橋俊治氏) of Keyaki-gama (欅窯) whose pots are generally referred to as "Keyakibachi (欅鉢)" (Fig. A), Mr. Tomohiko Saeki (佐伯知彦氏) of Tenzan-koubou (天山工房) whose pots are called "Tenzanbachi (天山鉢)" (Fig. B), and Mr. Yukimasa Chino (千野之雅氏) whose pots are called "Chinobachi (千野鉢)" (Fig. C). The (black) plastic pots with "slits" or "holes" on the bowl part are not called sukashibachi and are used for daily care. But recently plastic pots with artistic openwork made using the 3D printing technology came into the market, which may be able to be called sukashibachi (Fig. D). |
Kobachi | 古鉢 | こばち | Old pots. Often water scales, stains, or cracks are on the pot surface, or sometimes broken pieces are pasted by using gold. But those are tasty and admirable as antique pots, which we say "Jidai ga noru (時代が乗る)" (literally "times ride on"). Note that this term is different from the term "小鉢" which is often used in the Bonsai field, has the same pronunciation, and means "small pot". Kobachi Jidai ga noru |
Suyakibachi | 素焼き鉢 | すやきばち | Unglazed clay pot, used for daily cultivation of fuuran. This type of pots has good breathability because of their porosity and has good cooling performance by the heat of water evaporation. |
Purabachi | プラ鉢 | ぷらばち | A pot made of plastic. "Pura" is a short for "plastic" in Japanese way to read "purasuchikku". Usually purabachi has slits on the bowl part and are used for daily cultivation. |
Rappabachi Rappagata |
ラッパ鉢 ラッパ型 |
らっぱばち らっぱがた |
Rappabachi is literally "trumpet pot". A pot of which side view shape is like a trumpet. The shape is refferred to as Rappagata (ラッパ型). Rappabachi Rappagata |
Tsuba | 鍔 | つば | Flange of a pot. In case of decorative pots, the edge of the flange often has gold color (kinbuchi 金縁) or straw-rope pattern (nawabuchi 縄縁) and sometimes both, or sometimes picture or pattern is painted on the upper face of the flange. See Fuuran diagram. |
Kinbuchi | 金縁 | きんぶち | Gold edge of the flange of a pot or a pot that has gold edge of the flange. See Fuuran diagram. Sometimes we use another word "Fuchikin (縁金)" for the same meanings. |
Fuchikin | 縁金 | ふちきん | Gold color at the edge of the flange of a pot or a pot that has gold edge of the flange, which are the same meanings as Kinbuchi (金縁) (see Kinbuchi). |
Nawabuchi | 縄縁 | なわぶち | Straw-rope patterned edge of the flange of a pot or a pot that has straw-rope patterned edge of the flange. Sometimes we use another word "Fuchinawa (縁縄)" for the same meanings. |
Fuchinawa | 縁縄 | ふちなわ | Straw-rope pattern at the edge of the flange of a pot or a pot that has straw-rope patterned edge of the flange, which are the same meanings as Nawabuchi (縄縁) (see Nawabuchi). |
Ashi | 足 | あし | Leg (of a pot). See Fuuran diagram. |
Etsuke Etsukeshi |
絵付け 絵付師 |
えつけ えつけし |
Etsuke (literally "attach a picture") is to draw a picture on a pot by using enamel and paint brushes, and Etsukeshi (literally "a master of ataching a picture") is a painter. Mr. Satoru Fuse (布施覚氏) and Mr. Shinji Sugiura of Airakuen (愛楽園 杉浦慎治氏) are famous etsukeshi of nishikibachi (see also nishikibachi). Etsuke Etsukeshi |
Kiribako | 桐箱 | きりばこ | Paulownia box to put a decorative pot in. Usually the name of the pot, artist's sign, and artist's stamp can be seen on one side of the box. Often the box is fastened with a flat tie (see "How to knot a flat tie of kiribako" in Videos FYI section). |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Mizuyari | 水やり | みずやり | Watering. |
Kanreisha | 寒冷紗 | かんれいしゃ | Literally "cold and cool cloth". Shading cloth or cheesecloth. |
Rankake | 蘭掛け | らんかけ | Literally "orchid stand". A stand to put the plant pots. Usually this term indicates the metal wire stands used being placed on a rack, shelf or table. Cf. Tsuriwaku (吊り枠). |
Tsuriwaku | 吊り枠 | つりわく | Literally "hanging frame". A hanger of plant pots. A hanger type of Rankake (蘭掛け). |
Kyousei Kyōsei |
矯正 | きょうせい | Literally "correction". To train the leaves using skewers or wires. See also Kushi (串). Note that the plastic skewers are used for the support of the small growth with a few roots rather than training of the leaves in case of the second photo. |
Kushi | 串 | くし | Skewers. Used to train the leaves neatly. Plastic skewers are mainly used recently instead of bamboo ones. See also Kyousei (矯正). Upper: Plastic, Lower: Bamboo |
Raberu | ラベル | らべる | Literally "label". A plant tag. This is a Japanese reading of the English word "label". See Fuuran diagram. |
Uekae | 植え替え | うえかえ | To change the planting material (sphagnum moss is often used in case of fuuran). To repot. This is the same video as "Repotting method" in Videos FYI section. |
Uekaebou Uekaebō |
植え替え棒 | うえかえぼう | Literally "repotting pole". A pole used to repot fuuran with sphagnum moss. See the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Mizugoke | 水苔 | みずごけ | Sphagnum moss. Usually this is used to plant fuuran. Often abbreviated as Koke (苔) in daily conversations. See Fuuran diagram and the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Daigoke | 台苔 | だいごけ | Core of moss mound or the moss which is used to make the core. Fuuran on daigoke This is the same video as "Repotting method" in Videos FYI section. |
Keshougoke Keshōgoke |
化粧苔 | けしょうごけ | Long fiber moss which wraps the root system. Also known as Uwagoke (上苔). See the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Uwagoke | 上苔 | うわごけ | Long fiber moss which wraps the root system. Also known as Keshougoke (化粧苔). See the repotting video in Videos FYI section. |
Kabuwake | 株分け | かぶわけ | To divide growths. This is the same video as "Dividing method" in Videos FYI section. |
Yoseue | 寄せ植え | よせうえ | Group planting. To plant some specimens together in one pot. Cf. Kabu. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Hachioki | 鉢置き | はちおき | (i) A coaster. See Fuuran diagram. (ii) A rankake (蘭掛け). |
Kazaridai | 飾り台 | かざりだい | A decorative stand. Used to display. |
Hoya | 火屋 | ほや | Literally "fire house". Generally this word means a chimney of a (gas) lump or a lid of an incense burner. But as a word used in fuuran world, it indicates a netted metal wire cover which was used in old days to prevent damages caused by small animals such as mice or human carelessness. Now this is used as just an ornament of a display at a Show. |
Teiran Teirankago |
提蘭 提蘭籠 |
ていらん ていらんかご |
Literally "carry orchids" and "carry orchids basket". A basket to carry orchids. Usually a kind of bamboo works with good breathability. Teiran Teirankago |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Kai | 会 | かい | (i) Society, Association, Club. (ii) Meeting, Gathering, Party. (iii) Event such as Show, Sale, Auction. |
Tenjikai | 展示会 | てんじかい | A show. |
Sokubaikai | 即売会 | そくばいかい | A sale. Often abbreviated to Sokubai (即売). Sokubaikai Sokubai |
Koukankai Kōkankai |
交換会 | こうかんかい | Literally "exhange meeting". An auction. This is the same video as "An example of fuukiran auction" in Videos FYI section. |
Seri | 競り | せり | An auction. Often referred to as Koukankai (交換会) in case of the fuuran world. This is the same video as "An example of fuukiran auction" in Videos FYI section. |
Ni Nimotsu |
荷 荷物 |
に にもつ |
Literally "baggage". Fuurans which will be sold at an auction. They are put on tables in order of being sold and the participants (buyer) can see closely (but never touch) them before the auction starts. Note that this term usually indicates a set of fuurans which a person (ninushi) brings to the auction, rarely the individual fuuran (e.g., one fuuran is called nimotsu when a ninushi brings only one fuuran). Ni Nimotsu |
Ninushi | 荷主 | にぬし | The owners of the fuurans which are being sold now at an auction, i.e., the owners of nimotsu. Sometimes the number of fuurans per one ninushi is limited, e.g., up to 12 or 15, which depends on auctions. |
Anko | - | あんこ | Auctioneer. |
Seridai | 競り台 | せりだい | A platform from which an auctioneer sells. |
Oteuchi | お手打ち | おてうち | Literally "hand clap". Claps at an auction; usually three claps, repeat two times. The participants of an auction do this clapping (i) when the auction starts, (ii) when someone won an item at a high price, and (iii) when the auction is over. See the following video for Oteuchi of the above case (i) ("An example of fuukiran auction" in Videos FYI section). |
Hokku | 発句 | ほっく | Literally "starting verse". A starting price at an auction. Maybe this term comes from Japanese poem. Pronunciation 1: Pronunciation 2: |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akebono | 曙 | あけぼの | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Pale mud | Crescent moon | 'Touyouden' | - | Mutation from 'Touyouden' which was found in Yamashiro no kuni (old province name of southern Kyoto). Minute
matsuba are scattered in
nakasuke area. The
nakasuke variegation goes through the leaf tip. So, strictly speaking, this is not
konpuku. There are two types; One is a normal type of which variegation is white and leaves are a bit
toiba-ish. The second type has yellow variegation and wider leaves. This second type of 'Akebono' is often called 'Oborozuki (朧月)'. Sometimes 'Akebono' which has unclear variegation put out 'Touyouden' baby, i.e., baby can revert to the original variety. The direct translation of "Akebono" is "dawn". Note that 'Akebono' doesn't have
akebono fu. GSR: 富貴蘭 曙 |
Akogare | 憧 | あこがれ | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | 2002 (H14) | Small body but thick leaves. The top leaf comes out as a yuurei leaf and then turns to green (nochi kurami) but partially torafu or koshifu remains. The variegation will appear well under high light. The direct translation of "Akogare" is "admiration". GSR: 富貴蘭 憧 |
Amanogawa | 天の川 | あまのがわ | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Pink | Crescent moon | - | 1992 (H4) | Large type with long leaves. Habitat is unknown. Seedlings can show exactly the same traits so this variety rapidly spread all over the world. The new leaf has white nakafu with thin
konpuku. Then it gets gradually green from the leaf tip and partially white torafu remains. "Amanogawa" means "Milky Way". GSR: 富貴蘭 天の川 |
Amatsu nishiki | 天津錦 | あまつにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Pale mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Chiba Pref. | 1998 (H10) | A bit standing and neat leaves, large type. Found in Amatsu-Kominato City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This variety name comes from this city name. A bit nochizae yellow or yellowish white stripe. Hadegara fan or muji fan comes out easily, so there are few plants which have fine variegation. GSR: 富貴蘭 天津錦 |
Aojiku higuma | 青軸羆 | あおじくひぐま | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke konpuku) | Green | White | Crescent moon | 'Seikouboku' | 1984 (S59) | Tenba has grayish white nakafu, then becomes a bit dark, and finally turn to unclear
nakasuke
konpuku. Sumi wo nagasu on the backside of the leaves. This variety is unstable so a plant which has good nakasuke variegation is rare. In an old record: A person named Gentarou living in Nagoya found it deep in a mountain of Enshuu (old province name of Shizuoka, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dmi_Province). At that time it was called 'Aojishi (青獅子)' or 'Genta fukurin (源太覆輪)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 青軸羆 |
Aojiku yoroidooshi Aojiku Yoroidōshi |
青軸鎧通し | あおじくよろいどおし | Needle leaf (Hariba) | Green | Green | Straight | - | - | Narrow osa, standing needle leaves and neat shape are very impressive. Terminal spike comes out at the top and then the fan stops growing (shindomari). But soon several offshoot babies come out. This variety is very prolific so it's easy to become a big clump. "Yoroidooshi" means "pierce an armor". Note that this is a different variety from 'Yoroidooshi'. GSR: 富貴蘭 青軸鎧通し |
Asagasumi | 朝霞 | あさがすみ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Pale mud | Crescent moon | - | - | A bit large namiba. Top leaf has chirifu-ish stripes when it grows, but then the stripe turns to green and finally solid green on lower leaves (nochi kurami). Strong and stable. The direct translation is "morning fog". GSR: 富貴蘭 朝霞 |
Asahiden | 朝日殿 | あさひでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Osaka Pref. | - | The direct translation is "morning sun palace". Found in Kawachi no kuni (old province name of Osaka Pref., https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawachi_Province). This variety has bright yellow tenzae stripes but not good contrast because konsei ga yowai. Mud stem and mud root tip but sometimes beautiful rubyish red root when it comes out on the variegation. This variety is a parent of 'Asahi fukurin' and 'Youmeiden (陽明殿)'. 'Youmeiden' is an unclear
konpuku variety with ruby roots. GSR: 富貴蘭 朝日殿 |
Asahi fukurin | 朝日覆輪 | あさひふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Asahiden' | - | Mutation of 'Asahiden'. A bit smaller than 'Asahiden' because this is a bit more hade than Asahiden. Unstable so a big clump is rare. Other characteristics are the same as those of 'Asahiden'. GSR: 富貴蘭 朝日覆輪 |
Ayasansai | 綾三彩 | あやさんさい | Marginal variegation with scattered stripes (Chirifu fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Fugaku' | 1994 (H6) | Himeba with good erigumi. Yellowish white chirifu fukurin. It was said that this was found in Kyushu area but maybe this is a selection from 'Fugaku' group. Usually offshoot babies has chirifu-jima, not chirifu fukurin, but it gradually turn to chirifu fukurin as it grows, not always though. GSR: 富貴蘭 綾三彩 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benibotan | 紅牡丹 | べにぼたん | Black ink stripe (Sumi) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 1993 (H5) | Medium size, a bit standing leaves. Sumi wo nagasu on the upper face and back side of leaves. Strong and easy to grow. The direct translation is "red peony". Recently a shima variation, 'Benibotan no shima', came to be known. GSR: 富貴蘭 紅牡丹 |
Benikujaku | 紅孔雀 | べにくじゃく | Bean leaf with rough texture (Rasha mameba) | Mud | Mud | Straight | Kyushu area | 1991 (H3) | Super magnificent bean leaf. Larger but smoother surface compared to 'Kujakumaru'. Flowers towards the sky (tenzaki) with thick petals. One of the most popular varieties. Over 30 years ago, it was very precious and ten million yen per one growth. This fact will continue to be told in the future as an episode that colors this variety. A professional fuuran shop in Osaka strove to propagate. The direct translation is "red peafowl". GSR: 富貴蘭 紅孔雀 |
Beniougi Beniōgi |
紅扇 | べにおうぎ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 1990 (H2) | Wide and thick leaves, himeba. It is said that a hobbyist in Sakai City propagated a plant which was purchased from a professional shop in Osaka City, then a professional shop in Hyogo Prefecture purchased it and began to sell. A new leaf comes out with whitish fukurin jima and soon the variegation color turns to greenish yellow. As a special characteristic, benikuma appears on the variegation, i.e., red-colored fukurin appears. We call this condition "beni wo matou", which means "wear red". This red pigmentation appears well under high light. The direct translation of "Beniougi" is "red fan". A plant on which this fukurin turned to nakafu is called 'Otaga (於多賀)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 紅扇 |
Benitengu | 紅天狗 | べにてんぐ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | 2018 (H30) | Fairly deep red flower as a species found in the wild. Flower stalks are not colored so deeply though petals, ovaries and spurs are fairly red, which is specific to red flower varieties found in Kishuu (old province name of Wakayama Pref., https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kii_Province). The direct translation is "red long-nosed goblin". GSR: 富貴蘭 紅天狗 |
Benkeimaru | 弁慶丸 | べんけいまる | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | A bit wavy crescent moon | - | - | Wankyokuba like a half moon arc and neat erigumi. The leaf shape looks like "naginata" of "Benkei". Naginata (薙刀): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naginata Benkei (弁慶): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benkei This name is considered to be very suitable for this variety. 'Itoseikai' resembles to 'Benkeimaru', but 'Benkeimaru' looks more massive than 'Itoseikai'. This is a slow grower and a big clump is rare. GSR: 富貴蘭 弁慶丸 |
Botan nishiki | 牡丹錦 | ぼたんにしき | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Kinbotan' | 1995 (H7) | Mutation from a medium size type of 'Kinbotan'. This mutated over 20 years ago in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. A new leaf comes out as a yuurei leaf or comes out with a few thin green stripes, then green color increases to remain clear white stripes. Further mutated variety to white fukurin is called 'Kanpaku (冠白)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 牡丹錦 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chiyoda jishi | 千代田獅子 | ちよだじし | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Naniwa jishi' | 1992 (H4) | Kuruiba with tenzae whitish yellow chirifu-jima. Mutation from 'Naniwa jishi' which is a non-registered variety, muji and kuruiba. The path to registration: a hobbyist in Nagoya City –› a hobbyist in Anjo City –› a hobbyist in Hamamatsu City –› Registered in 1992. GSR: 富貴蘭 千代田獅子 |
Chouseiden Chōseiden |
長生殿 | ちょうせいでん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Shikouden' | - | Standing leaves and tenzae light green fukurin on dark green background. Mutation from 'Shikouden'. It has deep taste and is strong to become a big clump. In an old document, this was more expensive than 'Fuukiden'. There is a record that Mr. Chutaro Nakano, an oil king in Niigata Pref., bought one growth which had five leaves at one thousand yen in 1930 (S5), which is about two million yen at the present value of currency. GSR: 富貴蘭 長生殿 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daidoumaru Daidōmaru |
大洞丸 | だいどうまる | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | 'Ooemaru no shima' | 1939 (S14) | Mutation from 'Ooemaru no shima' to dai fukurin. Wide leaves, hasaki marudome, and rikiba. In the oldest record about this variety, 'Ooemaru no shima' mutated in Mr. Ookouchi's (大河内氏) house, in Owari no kuni (old province name of the western half of Aichi Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owari_Province). There is a record that it was sold at 150 yen in 1937 (S12) in Ikeda City, Osaka Pref., which is about 280 thousand yen at the present value of currency. This variety is unstable and often put out 'Ooemaru no shima', so 'Daidoumaru' is very rare even now. GSR: 富貴蘭 大洞丸 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eboshimaru | 烏帽子丸 | えぼしまる | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Tachiba and marudome. This name comes from the leaf shape, i.e., the leaf shape which is thin at the leaf root but marudome at the leaf tip looks like "Eboshi" (烏帽子, https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%B8%BD%E5%AD%90. Leaf surface is rough and the surface texture looks like the mesh pattern of a fishing net being dried when it is held up to the light. This pattern is called "Hoshiami (干網)" or "Aboshi (網干)". So, this variety called 'Hoshiami' in old days (around 1897 (Meiji 30)). GSR: 富貴蘭 烏帽子丸 |
Ensou* Ensō |
円窓 | えんそう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Amami shima' | 2018 (H30) | Amamikei, white fukurin, very wide and thick leaf, konohagata, and himeba; ideal kisugata. GSR: 富貴蘭 円窓 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fuji fukurin | 富士覆輪 | ふじふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Fuji nishiki' | - | Mutation from 'Fuji nishiki'. Neatly arranged leaves, good contrast because konsei ga tsuyoi, new leaves comes out with light green and then gradually the color turns to white. The lower leaves are not snow white but milky white. We feel elegance to see this color change in one growth. This fukurin form is a bit unstable, so a clump which has only fukurin growths is very rare. This name appeared first in 1939 (S14) in Meikan of Japan Fuukiran Association (大日本富貴蘭連合会) which is the former organization of Japan Fuukiran Society (日本富貴蘭会). GSR: 富貴蘭 富士覆輪 |
Fujihō Fujihou |
富士峰 | ふじほう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | A bit standing leaf compared to 'Fuji nishiki', a bit osa ga yurui, new leaf comes out with light green variegation and then the variegation color turns to yellow. It is said that this variety was separated from 'Rain no hikari' as an individual variety. Furthermore, temporarily this was considered as a seed-propagated variety of 'Fuji nishiki' but then it was found that this is clearly different from 'Fujinishiki'. So This was registered as 'Fujihou'. The direct translation is "the peak of Mt. Fuji". The fukurin mutation is called 'Fujihou fukurin'. GSR: 富貴蘭 富士峰 |
Fuji nishiki | 富士錦 | ふじにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | - | Neat hasugata, largely arced himeba, good erigumi. A new leaf comes out with light green stripes, then the color turns to yellowish white as the leaves aged. Good contrast stripe on dark green background. Closely looking the fine stripes, many colors such as milky white, yellowish white, light green and green can be found, which is very colorful and tasty. Plants which has saijougara are very rare. Parent of 'Fuji fukurin' and 'Ootori'. GSR: 富貴蘭 富士錦 |
Fukujumaru | 福寿丸 | ふくじゅまる | Needle leaf (Hariba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kishuu | - | Needle leaf but thick leaves of which middle part is raised. Very strong and prolific so it's easy to be a big clump. This has a very happy name; the direct translation of "Fukuju" is "good luck and longevity". GSR: 富貴蘭 福寿丸 |
Furouhaku Frōhaku |
不老白 | ふろうはく | Tiger and Stripe (Toira fu & Shima) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Seedling of 'Houmeiden' | 2019 (R1/H31) | White shima on 'Houmeiden'. This mutated from 'Houmeiden' in Aichi Prefecture, but it is unknown if this comes from a division from an original 'Houmeiden' or seed-propagated mutation. GSR: 富貴蘭 不老白 |
Futsugyou Futsugyō |
払暁 | ふつぎょう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | 2010 (H22) | Amami-kei, big size. A new leaf comes out with pale konjima, the konjima turns to bright whitish yellow stripe after about 3 years, then the stripe on the upper side of the old leaf becomes ash grey while the back side becomes solid green. It is interesting that the upper side of the old leaf is solid ash grey but the back side is solid green when a yuurei leaf aged, which is called "chuuya gara (昼夜柄)" that means "day and night pattern". The direct translation of "Futsugyou" is "dawn" or "daybreak". GSR: 富貴蘭 払暁 |
Fuukiden Fūkiden |
富貴殿 | ふうきでん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Oita Pref. | - | Wide leaf, elegant himeba, tenzae milky white dai fukurin, and nori wo hiku. One of the representative varieties of fuukiran, often called "King". A new offshoot baby often comes out as a yuurei growth, a thin green stripe on the leaf center will appear about two years later, and it will take about 5 to 6 years to get stable dai fukurin. But often yuurei growths will not have green area even many years later, so it is not easy to increase. This was found in Bungo no kuni (old province name of Oita Pref., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungo_Province) in Man'en era (万延年間, 1860 - 1861). This was called "Oufukurin (王覆輪)" or "Sumera fukurin (皇覆輪)" at that time, then it was renamed "Fuukiden" at a meeting of Tokyo Fuuki Association (東京富貴会) in 1930 (S5). GSR: 富貴蘭 富貴殿 |
Fuuki no hikari Fūki no hikari |
富貴の光 | ふうきのひかり | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2014 (H26) | Yellow stripe and Osa ga yurui. Slight pigmentation on the nodes of the flower stem is a key point to distinguish this variety. GSR: 富貴蘭 富貴の光 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Garyou Garyō |
臥龍 | がりょう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 2010 (H22) | Found in 2001 (H13) in Shimanto City, Kochi Pref., Japan. A bit large size and loose erigumi. Various mutated flowers bloom one by one, especially a flower that looks like a sleeping dragon can bloom. This variety name comes from this kind of flower shape. The direct translation of "Garyou" is "sleeping dragon", but later this word "garyou" came to mean "a great person who is still unknown to public". GSR: 富貴蘭 臥龍 |
Getsuden | 月殿 | げつでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | - | - | A bit standing leaves, middle size. A new leaf has bright yellow chirifu jima, then it turns to solid green as the leaf ages (nochikurami). The variegating way resembles that of 'Asagasumi' but we can distinguish them by hasugata and root tip color. There are many seed-propagated varieties such as 'Kinkazan (金華山)'. 'Kinkazan' has brighter and slow nochikurami variegation and ruby-ish root tips. It was popular as an alternative variety to 'Kinbotan' in old days. GSR: 富貴蘭 月殿 |
Getsurin | 月輪 | げつりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2009 (H21) | Large-sized himeba, nochizae whitish yellow fukurin, pale mud stem, and pale mud root tip but sometimes ruby roots come out. Selected from 'Takachiho no shima (高千穂の縞)' group. This group has very interesting and complicated story but it will be introduced in other section. There are three registered varieties from this group, i.e., 'Tenryou (天領)', 'Ryuuzen nishiki (龍泉錦)' and this 'Getsurin (月輪)'. 'Getsurin' is only variety which is registered as a fukurin variety among 'Takachiho no shima' group. The direct translation of "Getsurin" is "moon ring". The mother plant was called 'Takachiho no shiro shima (高千穂の白縞)', but this white stripe was very unstable and almost all 'Takachiho no shiro shima' are considered to have turned to muji or fukurin now. So 'Takachiho no shiro shima', mother of 'Getsurin', can not be found now. 'Getsurin' was called 'Nichirin (日輪)' in old days but it was renamed 'Getsurin' because many 'Takara fukurin' were on the market as 'Nichirin' (maybe the price is of several ten times). The direct translation of "Nichirin" is "sun ring". GSR: 富貴蘭 月輪 |
Ginsekai | 銀世界 | ぎんせかい | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Straight | 'Nishidemiyako' | - | Mutation from 'Nishidemiyako (西出都)'. Tachiba, hasaki marudome, and white kirikomi fukurin. Perfectly fixed plants or clump are rare because transiently mutating plant sometimes comes into the market as 'Ginsekai', which probably reverts to normal 'Nishidemiyako'. Your judgement is needed to make sure of this variety. There may be two types; one is relatively small sized and prolific; the other is thick and relatively large and unprolific. It is said that 'Ginsekai' is a mutated form of 'Nishidemiyako', but there is an opinion that 'Ginsekai' is the original species found in the wild first and then 'Nishidemiyako' came out from the 'Ginsekai'. The direct translation of "Ginsekai" is "silver world". GSR: 富貴蘭 銀世界 |
Gojou fukurin Gojō fukurin |
御城覆輪 | ごじょうふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | A bit standing leaves, tenzae white fukurin, mud stem but green root tips. This was found on a stone wall of Matsusaka Castle (松阪城, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsusaka_Castle) in Bunkyuu era (文久年間, 1861 - 1864). This was called 'Masamune (正宗)' at that time and had half-fukurin. Then it turned to perfect fukurin and was renamed 'Gojou fukurin'. 'Tenkei fukurin (天恵覆輪)' when mutated to yellow fukurin, and 'Gekkeikan (月桂冠)' if the top leaf comes out with white fukurin and the variegation color turns to yellow as the leaves age. "Gojou" means "castle". GSR: 富貴蘭 御城覆輪 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hagihousen Hagihōsen |
萩宝扇 | はぎほうせん | Needle leaf (Hariba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Yamaguchi Pref. | 2017 (H29) | Wide stem, haguri ga yoi, tightly layered short needle leaves, small size but strong presence. Found in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, in 1983 (S58). 5 or 6 new leaves come out per one year but propagationability is not so strong. The so-called 'Housen-gei (宝扇芸)' originated from this variety. GSR: 富貴蘭 萩宝扇 |
Hagoromo | 羽衣 | はごろも | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | Bright yellow chirifu jima but slightly nochikurami. The more hadegara it is, the more highly valued it will be. The variegation will get bright under high light. 'Tamamino (玉箕)' found in Ise no kuni (old province name of Mie Pref., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Province) mutated to 'Hagoromo' in Kyoto. Unfortunately this became less popular after 'Fugaku' appeared. GSR: 富貴蘭 羽衣 |
Hakubotan | 白牡丹 | はくぼたん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Nara Pref. | - |
Thick leaves, white nochikurami variegation and ruby root tips. The variegation pattern has a bit wide range. The best variegation (saijougara): New leaf (tenba) comes out as a white yuurei leaf with slight green chirifu (minute matsuba). So called "Masago-kei" (Masago lineage) is very famous as the best lineage. Good variegation (jougara): Usually the top leaf has green stripes (konjima) and we often judge a plant of which top leaf has 80% or more white area to be a jougara plant. The white variegation on new leaves will gradually disappear as the leaves age with showing unclear green area on the white variegated area (kumo wo ukaberu), then the old leaves get solig green. This variegation color transition is profound and very tasty. This variegation is very unstable, so the saijougara plant is very rare even now more than 100 years later since discovery. Offshoot babies which come out from a saijougara plant have thin green margins ( konpuku) on white background, i.e., almost yuurei growth. This was found on a sacred tree of a shrine in Nara Prefecture. At the discovery time, it had white stripes and was called 'Harugasumi (春霞)', and then its hadegara plant was called 'Hakubotan'. But in recent years, even a plant which has only one thin white stripe is called 'Hakubotan'. GSR: 富貴蘭 白牡丹 GSR: 富貴蘭 春霞 |
Hakuhou Hakuhō |
白鳳 | はくほう | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | Middle size, standing leaves, konsei ga yoewai, white norifu which is a kind of tora fu appearing only on the upper side of leaves. The direct translation is "white phoenix". New leaf is solid green, but then white norifu appears only on the leaf surface as the leaves age. The norifu of this variety is often fukurin-ish. Haguri is a bit bad (a plant cannot have so many leaves) and it will be better to grow under low light. A plant on which strong nori fu appeared will show also white koshi fu. In old days, a plant which shows good koshi fu was called 'Fujine no yuki (富士根の雪)' and distinguished as a different variety. GSR: 富貴蘭 白鳳 |
Hakuou Hakuō |
白翁 | はくおう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Chouseiden' | 2019 (R1/H31) | Light geen fukurin 'Chouseiden' turned to this white fukurin in Aichi Prefecture. This kind of mutation is so much rarer than the mutation from a muji plant to a shima variety. The direct translation of "Hakuou" is "white old man". 'Chouseiden' (a long-living man) lived so much long to be 'Hakuou' (a white old man). GSR: 富貴蘭 白翁 GSR: 富貴蘭 長生殿 GSR: 富貴蘭 司光殿 -"司光殿の縞" |
Hakuou fukurin Hakuō fukurin |
白皇覆輪 | はくおうふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | Re-registered in 1997 (H9) | White fukurin. Thinner leaves and sharper leaf tips compared to 'Nishidemiyako'. Temporarily this belonged to 'Nishidemiyako' in old days. This looks like a variety which has traits between 'Nishidemiyako' and 'Suruga fukurin'. GSR: 富貴蘭 白皇覆輪 |
Hakuseiryuu Hakuseiryū |
伯青龍 | はくせいりゅう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Snow white stripe on dark green background, sharp leaf tip, a bit standing leaf. The part of stripe is thin and groovy, which is called "uchikomi jima (打ち込み縞)". It is better to grow under low light because this is easy to be burned. Mother variety of 'Kenryuu (剣龍)'. There are two opinions about habitat; one is Yamato no kuni (old province name of Nara Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_Province) and the other Kii no kuni (old province name of Wakayama Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kii_Province). GSR: 富貴蘭 伯青龍 GSR: 富貴蘭 剣龍 |
Hakuunkaku | 白雲閣 | はくうんかく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Pink | Crescent moon | Shimane Pref. | 1992 (H4) | Found in Shimane Prefecture in around 1975 (S50). Variegation of chibas of a new baby is white
nakasuke with
konpuku, then honbas have white sand-grain-ish fukurin which we call sunago fukurin. This sunago fukurin has wide range; there are plants that have fairly clear sunago fukurin but others have almost solid green leaves. It is not clear why this difference appears; it depends on growing conditions?; there are some lineages?; or other reasons? New roots which grow in spring are whitish but then turn to rubyish bright pink in early summer. The direct translation is "Palace on white clouds". GSR: 富貴蘭 白雲閣 |
Hanagoromo | 花衣 | はなごろも | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | - | 1983 (S58) | A bit standing leaf, some tsuyuukebas, strong and prolific. Yellow tora fu penetrates well to back side of the leaf and gets brighter, and the flower buds and stems are pink, compared to 'Kinroukaku (金楼閣)'. The yellow tora fu will be brightened under high light, but be careful not to brighten the variegation too much. In old days, this was mixed into 'Kinroukaku', but has some different traits which described above, so was separated from 'Kinroukaku' in 1983 (S58). GSR: 富貴蘭 花衣 GSR: 富貴蘭 金楼閣 -"縞" |
Hanamatoi | 花纏 | はなまとい | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | 2006 (H18) | Slender leaves. Flower has three spurs, which is called sanchou zaki. The shape of flower buds just before blooming looks like "matoi" (纏(まとい)) used by fire-fighting teams in Edo period, so this was named 'Hanamatoi' of which direct translation is "flower matoi". Mr. Mamoru Ito (伊藤守氏) checked the stability of this flower shape, named it 'Hanamatoi', and sent out it to the fuukiran world. This is the first variety which has three spurs, the spurs are not so much curved compared to other sanchou zaki varieties such as 'Manjushage', and the flower buds just before blooming are very unique, so sometimes we call the blooming way of this variety "matoi zaki (纏咲き)". GSR: 富貴蘭 花纏 |
Hanamizuki | 花観月 | はなみづき | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | 'Hanagoromo' | 2007 (H19) | Fukurin mutation from 'Hanagoromo'. This variety had a very long trip. First, slight stripes came out on 'Hanagoromo' in Mr. Masago (真砂氏)'s greenhouse, Shoudoshima, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Ddoshima). Then the plant moved to Mr. Iuchi in Tokushima Pref. (Shikoku sansouen in Tokushima, 四国山草園徳島店井内氏) but the stripes were not so good and many new growths without stripes came out. Next, Mr. Iuchi in Kanagawa Pref. (Shikoku sansouen in Kanagawa, 四国山草園神奈川店井内氏) had that plant and good stripes gradually began to appear. Then the plant went to Mr. Umebara's greenhouse (Tokaien, 東海園梅原氏) in Shizuoka Pref. and lastly moved to Mr. Nomachi (野町氏)'s house in Kochi Pref. where the stable fukurin appeared. The direct translation of "Hanamizuki" is "flower sees the moon". Note that the Kanji character "月" ("tsuki" or "getsu") suggests fukurin, though the direct translation is "moon". GSR: 富貴蘭 花観月 GSR: 富貴蘭 花衣 |
Harugasumi | 春霞 | はるがすみ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | 'Hakubotan' | - | Mother plant of 'Hakubotan'. In old documents, we can find a description "'Hakubotan no shima' also known as 'Harugasumi'". Originally 'Harugasumi' was a white stripe variety but recently it came to show solid green plant without any stripes (mujiba). Even a plant which has only one thin stripe is called 'Hakubotan' now, maybe because the name 'Hakubotan' will raise the price up compared to using the name 'Harugasumi'. It is interesting that a perfect mujiba 'Harugasumi' occasionally put out a offshoot baby which has stripes, though it will be almost the probability of winning a lottery... GSR: 富貴蘭 春霞 GSR: 富貴蘭 白牡丹 |
Higashidemiyako | 東出都 | ひがしでみやこ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyoto Pref. | - | Slender leaves, tenzae white fukurin, unclear boundaries between the variegation and green background because slightly nori wo hiku. Sometimes shows benikuma in cold season. 'Higashidemiyako' has some mutations; 'Kotou fukurin (湖東覆輪)' for yellow fukurin, 'Koto (古都)' for small-sized and himeba mutation, 'Higashide no tsurugi (東出の剣)' for standing leaf mutation, 'Koto no yuki (古都の雪)'... will be described in the note field of 'Koto no yuki'. GSR: 富貴蘭 東出都 GSR: 富貴蘭 湖東覆輪 GSR: 富貴蘭 古都 -"古都の雪" GSR: 富貴蘭 東出の剣 GSR: 富貴蘭 古都の雪 |
Higuma | 羆 | ひぐま | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | Middle size, a bit standing leaf, beautiful ruby root tips. A new leaf comes out with white
nakasuke, then turns to yellow
nakasuke with
konpuku. Depending on the growing conditions, especially light intensity, tora fu and koshi fu appears. 'Higuma' has so-called "Higuma's seven characteristics (羆七芸)":
konpuku (紺覆), yellow stripe (黄縞), white kasuri fu (白絣斑), tora fu (虎斑), sumi (墨), koshi fu (腰斑), ruby root tips (ルビー根). It's so fascinating when 'Higuma' shows all these characteristics. 'Higuma' was found in Ise no kuni (old province name of Mie Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Province in 1887 (M20) by a person named Mr. Nishiyama (西山氏). Then Mr. Kentarou Fukushima (福嶋健太郎氏) living in Owari no kuni (old province name of the western half of Aichi Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owari_Province) bought it. This variety was named by Mr. Joutarou Fukushima (福嶋錠太郎氏) who was Kentarou Fukushima's son and was ten years old at that time. The name 'Higuma' comes from that the koshifu looks like a crescent moon pattern on the neck of a brown bear... Joutarou may have confused brown bear (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bear) with moon bear (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_black_bear)... I'm not sure. The direct translation of "Higuma" is "brown bear". In 1902 (M35), Mr. Toutarou Tanaka (田中藤太郎氏) in Osaka Pref. bought one division at 1,000 JPY which is around 9,000,000 JPY at the present value of currency. The second division went to Mr. Fukada (深田氏) in Kyoto Pref. and the third division went to Joukichi Furumori (古森常吉) in Mie Pref. This variety is still so rare even though it is over 130 years after its discovery because this is a slow grower and is weak, and furthermore, often puts out solid green babies. Anyway, there are many anecdotes and legends around this variety. GSR: 富貴蘭 羆 |
Higuma fukurin | 羆覆輪 | ひぐまふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Yellow fukurin, sumi on the back side of leaves. Yuurei growth of 'Higuma fukurin' is named 'Shingetsuden (新月殿)' which puts out ruby root tips. In old books, the description "'Higuma fukurin' is not related to 'Higuma'" is found. But recently opinions that 'Higuma fukurin' has relation to 'Higuma' are gradually increasing. Some clues have been found by some fuuran addicts. GSR: 富貴蘭 羆覆輪 GSR: 富貴蘭 新月殿 |
Higuma nishiki | 羆錦 | ひぐまにしき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Renjoumaru' | - | Tenzae white fukurin but turns to a bit yellowish white fukurin as the leaves age. This variety was on the market in old days as 'Higuma fukurin' because this looks like 'Higuma fukurin' in appearance, but the opinion that this is a different variety from 'Higuma fukurin' became dominant and then they were renamed 'Higuma nishiki fukurin (羆錦覆輪)'. Later, they were re-renamed 'Higuma nishiki' on the Meikan in 1989 (S64/H1). This has no relation to 'Higuma' at all. This is considered to be a mutation of 'Renjoumaru (連城丸)' which is an yellow fukurin variety. We can find plants which have the variegation color between 'Higuma nishiki' and 'Renjoumaru'. GSR: 富貴蘭 羆錦 GSR: 富貴蘭 連城丸 |
Himiko | 卑弥呼 | ひみこ | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Kyushu area | 2004 (H16) | Resembles 'Benkeimaru' but thicker, wider and more magnificent than 'Benkeimaru'. This variety was named by Mr. Suguru Horaguchi who is the owner of a fuukiran shop "Misono" in Wakayama Prefecture and an author of Ref. 3. "Himiko" was a queen of ancient Japan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiko). GSR: 富貴蘭 卑弥呼 |
Hisui | 翡翠 | ひすい | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 1989 (S64/H1) | Standing leaves, osa ga yurui, deep green leaves konsei ga tsuyoi. This is a pioneer of green flower fuuran, still top of them. Original wild plants and their divisions (honshouhin) have long and wide leaves, which were very expensive. But now many seedlings (mishou) are available at affordable price and we can enjoy the cool flowers easily. The direct translation is "jade". GSR: 富貴蘭 翡翠 |
Honami jishi | 穂波獅子 | ほなみじし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Straight | - | - | Medium-sized needle leaf, a bit standing with kuruiba. Straight tsuke with small wave. The direct translation of "Honami" is "wavy ears of rice" GSR: 富貴蘭 穂波獅子 |
Houken Hōken |
宝剣 | ほうけん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kansetsu' | Re-registered in 1987 (S62) | Fukurin mutation from 'Kansetsu'. Tenzae white fukurin, standing leaf, several leaves are curving towards the center axis of the plant (inversely curved himeba, "uchizori (内反り)" leaf). Mud root tips but sometimes ruby. A bit weak for high light and stabilized clump is very rare. One of "three swords" or "four swords" (see "Lineages and Genealogies" section). The direct translation is "treasure sword". There is a record that this was sold at 1,000 JPY in 1936 (S11) in Hiroshima City, which is about two million yen at the present value of currency. This was called "Kokuhinden (国賓殿)" at that time. GSR: 富貴蘭 宝剣 |
Houmeiden Hōmeiden |
豊明殿 | ほうめいでん | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 1999 (H11) | Medium-small size. A new leaf comes out with snow white nakafu and thin
konpuku, then turns to a solid green leaf as the leaf ages, which is so-called "Amanogawa type" variegation. Beautiful ruby root tips though light pink at the beginning of root tip growth. Selected from wild fuurans found in Miyazaki Prefecture in 1993 (H5). This was very expensive and one of dream varieties for hobbyists but the price went down suddenly after seedlings came out to the market. Now we can affordably enjoy this beauty. Divisions from the original plant (honshou) are so massive and very popular. GSR: 富貴蘭 豊明殿 |
Hououden Hōouden |
鳳凰殿 | ほうおうでん | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | - | - | Medium-large size, a bit thin leaf, konsei ga yowai, rough surface, typical
akebono fu. A top leaf comes out as a white yuurei leaf, then the color turns to solid green with white ito fukurin as the leaves age. During the transition, the leaves have unclear white tora fu. The plants which have clear ito fukurin on the lower leaves are sometimes called 'Gyokuhouden (玉鳳殿)', but this depends on the growing conditions, so it is unnecessary to distinguish them. The habitat is unknown but there is a record that a plant named 'Kosoumaru (虎霜丸)' which was secretly being grown by Mr. Yuuji Tanaka (田中勇治氏) in Mino no kuni (old province name of Gifu Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mino_Province) was moved to a hobbyist in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1880 (M13), and it was renamed 'Hououden' at that time. GSR: 富貴蘭 鳳凰殿 |
Houshouden Hōshōden |
宝生殿 | ほうしょうでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 1979 (S54) | Namiba, a bit nochizae yellow stripe. As a unique characteristic, unclear tora fu appear on the green background. Namely, this variety has two types of varuegations, shima and tora fu. Even a plant without stripes can show tora fu, and sometimes comes to show stripes if you wait and see. The old name of this variety had the same pronunciation but different kanji writing, 'Houshouden (宝晶殿)' which was used before registration. GSR: 富貴蘭 宝生殿 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isechabo | 伊勢矮鶏 | いせちゃぼ | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | Bean leaf but tsukigata and namibana. Found in Ise no kuni (old province name of Mie Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Province). "Chabo" means "bantam". It was said in old times that this was the mother variety of 'Kinkujaku', but there are several different points so we now recognize there is no relation between 'Isechabo' and 'Kinkujaku'. This resembles 'Ootakamaru' but the upper side of 'Isechabo' leaf is not raised up like 'Ootakamaru'. GSR: 富貴蘭 伊勢矮鶏 |
Itoseikai | 糸青海 | いとせいかい | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Green | Wave | Kanagawa Pref. | - | Wankyokuba, tsuyuukeba, sharp leaf tip, gashi around tsuke. This resembles 'Benkeimaru' but the different points are green root tips, narrow leaves, and many tsuyuukeba. GSR: 富貴蘭 糸青海 |
Izumokinpu | 出雲金斑 | いずもきんぷ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shimane Pref. | 1990 (H2) | Himeba, tsuyuukeba, narrow and thin leaves. Tenba comes out as a mujiba, then the ito fukurin-like variegation appears on around the third leaf from the top leaf. On the older leaves, light yellow norifu will appear. GSR: 富貴蘭 出雲金斑 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jinpuu Jinpū |
神風 | じんぷう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Misukage' | - | Large size, light green dai fukurin, glossy leaf surface. Mutated from 'Misukage' in Sanuki no kuni (old province name of Kagawa Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanuki_Province). Plants which have stable dai fukurin are rare. GSR: 富貴蘭 神風 |
Juunihitoe Jūnihitoe |
十二単 | じゅうにひとえ | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Green | Green | Wave | Kumamoto Pref. | 1994 (H6) | Wide bean leaf, sharp leaf tips, konsei ga tsuyoi, haguri ga yoi, and unique erigumi. This variety debuted as a new type of bean leaf varieties and was a leading star of the bean leaf fever. In the bubble economy period of Japan (the end of Showa era to the beginning of Heisei era, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble), this was sold for a very high price. But after the seedling of muji mameba began to come into the market, the price fell down suddenly. Now this is affordable. GSR: 富貴蘭 十二単 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kabutomaru | 兜丸 | かぶとまる | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Green | Green | Wave | Kyoto Pref. | - | Thick leaves, glossy dark green, good erigumi, good hagasane. Found in the precincts of Kabutori-jinja shrine in Kyoto, Japan, which this variety name comes from. The first variety of green stem and green root tip in the fuukiran world, and one of the leading varieties of the past bean leaf fever. GSR: 富貴蘭 兜丸 |
Kansetsu | 貫雪 | かんせつ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Gifu Pref. | - | A bit large size, straight line-ish hasugata, tenzaewhite stripe on dark green background which gives good contrast, usually mud root tips but occasionally ruby when a root comes out from a variegated area. Mother variety of 'Houken'. The direct translation is "snow penetration". GSR: 富貴蘭 貫雪 |
Karanishiki | 唐錦 | からにしき | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | Osaka Pref. | - | One of the representative tora fu varieties. A bit small size, himeba, clear whitish yellow tora fu which penetrates the leaf to the backside. The variegation appearance will depend on the light intensity. It is a bit difficult to build an artistic clump. GSR: 富貴蘭 唐錦 |
Kazusa no mai | 上総の舞 | かずさのまい | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Chiba Pref. | 1996 (H8) | Slender but thick wankyokuba. This is the same type as 'Benkeimaru' but this has glossier leaf surface and darker mud stem. GSR: 富貴蘭 上総の舞 |
Keiga | 慶賀 | けいが | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | Wide and thick leaf, massive kisugata, white shirifu jima, pale mud stem, green root tip but occasionally mud. The wider white variegated area a plant has, the better plant it is considered. A very hade plant (minute green matsuba on white background) is considered to be a saijougara plant. Clump which has good variegated (hadegara) growths is very rare because this variety tends to turn to a green-rich plant and tends to put out green-rich offshoot babies. The direct translation is "congratulation" or "celebration". This was found on an old tree in Matsusaka Castle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsusaka_Castle) in Keiou era (慶応年間, 1865 - 1868, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kei%C5%8D), and was called 'Gojou nishiki (御城錦)' at that time. GSR: 富貴蘭 慶賀 |
Keiga fukurin | 慶賀覆輪 | けいがふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | 'Keiga' | 1939 (S14) | Fukurin form of 'Keiga'. A plant which has perfect fukurin is very rare, usually fukurin jima appears. GSR: 富貴蘭 "慶賀覆輪" |
Kenkokuden | 建国殿 | けんこくでん | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | - | 1939 (S14) | This so-called "Kenkoku group" has very complicated story. Please note that the following description is including my present opinion. The following description is found in a document distributed to hobbyists in 1939 (S14) (click to see the image of this document): 'Kenkokuden' named by Mr. Yoshiro Fujii in Aichi Prefecture This orchid is a mutation from 'Yachiyo' and was renamed 'Kenkokuden' this time, though this was first named 'Choujuraku' by Mr. Hattori in Osaka Prefecture in 1925 (T14). The characteristics of this plant are powerful-looking standing leaves with golden stripe along the leaf center. Also this variety shows koshi fu and some characteristics of 'Higuma' on the backside of the leaves. This is a noble and elegant variety which we can rarely see recently. The original Japanese: 建國殿 愛知縣 藤井嘉郎氏命名 本蘭は八千代の変化せしものにして大正14年大阪服部方に於て初め長寿楽と名付けありたるを今回建國殿と改名したり 本品の藝は葉力ある立葉にして紺地に金色の中通し縞 然して腰班を生じ葉裏に羆の藝を存す 其の高尚優雅なる近代稀に見る珍品也 (Note that Mr. Yoshiro Fujii (藤井嘉郎氏) is the same person as Mr. Seishichi Fujii (藤井清七氏) who is the first President of Japan Fukiran Society. He was born in a successively inherited house of a village headman and "Seishichi" is the patrimonial name. "Yoshiro" is his real name. I would thank Mr. Ikuo Nishiguchi (西口郁夫氏) for this information.) 'Choujuraku' named in 1925 (T14) was renamed 'Kenkokuden' in 1939 (S14) from the above description. Note that the "stripe along the leaf center (中通し縞, nakadooshi jima)" which can be seen in the above document is expressed as "center variegation (中斑, nakafu)", "stripe stamped at leaf center (中押し縞, nakaoshi jima)", "center penetrating variegation (中透け, nakasuke)", "centered variegation with green margins (中透け紺覆, nakasuke konpuku)" and so on in other fuukiran textbooks and documents. However, as time passes, the name 'Kenkokuden' came to mean both the striped plants and solid green plants, not the original plants introduced in the above document which have centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku). Then, from the end of Showa era (around 1985) to the end of Heisei era (around 2015), the name 'Kenkokuden' came to mean only the solid green (mujiba) plants and it became natural that the mujiba plants came out to the market as 'Kenkokuden'. From this background, in 1998 (H10), the striped Kenkoku plant was newly named 'Kenkokuden shima (建国殿縞)', and the solid green (mujiba) Kenkoku plant was named 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)'. But the plant with centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) described above was not defined and not registered at that time. This unregistered nakasuke konpuku plants, which was originally defined as 'Kenkokuden' in the above document, began to be called 'Kenkokuden higuma (建国殿羆)' which was not a registered name. Furthermore, this nakasuke konpuku 'Kenkokuden higuma' came to be sold often as 'Higuma (羆)' which might be related to Kenkoku group but was a different variety. So, the confusing and chaotic situation happened and scams got rampant together with this situation. Many hobbyists had displeasure and frustration, though I enjoyed this chaotic situation because it was a fun to find out true plants... The committee members of Japan Fukiran Society (JFS) discussed again and again about Kenkoku group and published the following proposal to JFS general members in 2013 (H25): We would like to call... (i) centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) variety 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)', (ii) stripe (shima) variety 'Kenkoku no shima (建国縞)' and (iii) solid green (mujiba) variety 'Kenkoku no ao (建国青)'. As for 'Kenkoku no ao', we will not register it and we will call it 'Kenkoku' as a general name. Then in 2015 (H27), the names have been changed to the above set of names and varieties. Centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) variety 1925 (T14) 'Choujuraku (長寿楽)' 1939 (S14) 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)' 1998 (H10) Got unregistered. (then came to be called 'Kenkokuden higuma (建国殿羆)' (unregistered).) (Often sold as 'Higuma'.) 2015 (H27) 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)' Stripe (shima) variety (I guess that all the variations including stripe and solid green types belonged to the name 'Kenkokuden' in old times.) 1998 (H10) 'Kenkokuden shima (建国殿縞)' 2015 (H27) 'Kenkoku no shima (建国縞)' Solid green (mujiba) variety (I guess that all the variations including stripe and solid green types belonged to the name 'Kenkokuden' in old times.) (After around 1985, 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)' came to mean this solid green variety.) 1998 (H10) 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)' 2015 (H27) 'Kenkoku no ao (建国青)' or 'Kenkoku (建国)' (both are unregistered). So the solid green variety was registered in 1998 but got unregistered in 2015. Change of the meaning of the name 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)'. 1939 (S14) - around 1985 (S60): Centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) variety. But the name 'Kenkokuden' gradually came to mean both the striped plants and solid green plants. Around 1985 (S60) - 1997 (H9): 'Kenkokuden' appearing in Meikan was officially the centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) variety (or at least shima variety), but 'Kenkokuden' which people were generally calling was the unregistered solid green (mujiba) variety. It was natural that the mujiba divisions came to the market as 'Kenkokuden'. 1998 (H10) - 2014 (H26): Solid green (mujiba) variety (as a registered variety). 2015 (H27) - present: Centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) variety. So the combination of the name 'Kenkokuden (建国殿)' and the plant characteristics came back to the original combination which was defined in the above document of 1939 (S14). 'Kenkokuden' appeared in the lowest rank "Popular varieties (Zensei-hin, 全盛品)" of 2014 (H26) Meikan, but in the highest rank "Exceptionally rare and valuable varieties (Bekkaku-kikihin, 別格稀貴品)" of 2015 (H27) Meikan, because the definition of the name 'Kenkokuden' was completely changed from the solid green variety to the centered variegation with green margins ( nakasuke konpuku) variety in 2015 (H27). GSR: 富貴蘭 "建国殿" |
Kenkoku no shima | 建国縞 | けんこくのしま | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud or Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Kenkokuden' | 1998 (H10) | Stripe varieties which belong to Kenkoku group. Very wide spectrum of characteristics. Plants which have thin stripes on the leaf margins usually put out mud roots but plants which have cutting-in stripes (kirikomi jima) often put out ruby roots (not all). Generally, the more cutting-in stripes the plant has, the more ruby roots it will put out. I think 'Kenkoku no shima' is the most interesting because this class is so changeable; though it will usually change towards undesirable direction, very rarely it will turn towards exciting direction, which resembles winning a lottery... Sometimes identification number or special name is added to the name to specify the lineage, for example, No. 1: lineage of Kenkoku from Misaki-en (美咲園) that is a famous but defunct fuukiran shop. Kenkoku plant of this lineage have borne 'Higuma' (I think 'Higuma' in this case means 'Kenkokuden' in the present sense). No. 136: lineage from Shikoku Sansou-en (四国山草園). "136" means the first name of a famous fuukiran seller Mr. Isamu Iuchi (井内勇) who is Shikoku-sansouen's owner. The pronunciation of "136" is "Isamu" or "ichi san roku". No. 109: "109" means "special" or "superfine". The pronunciation of "109" is "tokkyuu" (特級). No. 110: means "better than "No. 109". I'm not sure it is always better or not. No. 298: I don't know its detail, but I hear this number is related to a meat shop ("nikuya") owner. The pronunciation of "298" is "nikuya" (肉屋). No. 340: Seedlings. The pronunciation of "340" is "mishou" (実生). The identification names of Kenkoku that I know are: 'Yamada Kenkoku (山田建国)' (abbr. 'Yama Ken'): lineage of Kenkoku from Mr. Yamada. 'Kise Higuma (木瀬羆)': lineage of Higuma (Kenkoku?) from Mr. Kise. 'Matchan Kenkoku (まっちゃん建国)': lineage of Kenkoku from Mr. Matsumoto (Note that I have heard this is the same as No, 136, but I'm not sure). 'Higuma nishiki': shima is always bright though the color of stripes of other 'Kenkoku no shima' depends on season (generally unclear in spring to summer, and clear and bright in autumn). See the Note of 'Kenkokuden' for more information. GSR: 富貴蘭 建国縞 |
Kenryuu Kenryū |
剣龍 | けんりゅう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Hakuseiryuu' | - | Fukurin mutation of 'Hakuseiryuu' with standing leaves. Snow white fukurin on dark green background. A leaf of the fukurin area is thin because it is a mutation of uchikomi jima. So, it is easy to be burned under high light. In old times, this was called 'Miyuki fukurin' or 'Bisetsu fukurin' (美雪覆輪) which mutated in Yamato no kuni (the old province name of Nara Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_Province). The name 'Kenryuu' appeared after the World War II, which was by Mr. Toyojirou Ikeda (池田豊次郎氏) in Kyoto. The direct translation of "Kenryuu" is "sword dragon" but it is Japanese name of stegosaurus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stegosaurus). GSR: 富貴蘭 剣龍 |
Kiboden | 貴母殿 | きぼでん | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | - | Tenzae white stripe, narrow leaf width, osa ga yurui. Roots which come out from a variegated area have sometimes white root tips. Mother plant of 'Mitsurugi (御剣)'. Hasugata is not so neat because the leaves tend to curve towards the variegated side. It is easy to be burned so it is better to grow under low light. In old times, this was named 'Fuji asahi (富士旭)', which was moved from Mr. Nomura (野村氏) in Mino no kuni (the old province name of Gifu Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mino_Province) to Mr. Akahori (赤堀氏) in Nagoya City. At a fuukiran meeting in Ichinomiya City, Aichi Prefecture, in 1903 (M36), Mr. Genroku Mori (森源六氏) proposed that "I would like to rename this variety 'Kiboden' because this variety is a mother plant which had put out valuable varieties", and 'Fuji asahi' was renamed 'Kiboden' at that time. The direct translation of "Kiboden" is "valuable mother plant". GSR: 富貴蘭 貴母殿 |
Kibotan | 貴牡丹 | きぼたん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Pink | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | 2002 (H14) | Massive, wide himeba, pale pinkish mud root tips. A new leaf comes out as a whitish yellow yuurei leaf but has slight green matsuba or konjima. Then the whitish yellow variegation disappears gradually as the leaf ages (nochikurami). Mutation from a wild fuuran found in Kyushu area which is a shima variety called 'Gekkou (月光)'. The direct translation of "Kibotan" is "valuable peony". GSR: 富貴蘭 貴牡丹 |
Kihousei Kihōsei |
貴宝青 | きほうせい | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Osaka Pref. | - | Middle size, konsei ga tsuyoi, a bit narrow noshiba. Almost all leaves show noshi form. The direct translation is "precious treasure blue". GSR: 富貴蘭 貴宝青 |
Kinbotan | 金牡丹 | きんぼたん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | - | - | New leaf comes out as a whitish yellow yuurei leaf but it becomes solid green as it ages (
akebono fu). Sumi, ruby root tips, pale pink flower. The direct translation is "golden peony". Mutated from 'Kokubotan' in Mr. Yoshimatsu Kato (加藤芳松氏)'s house, Aichi Prefecture, in 1892 (M25). Very changeable and forms "Kinbotan and Kokubotan group". There are a bit large type with less sumi and small type with much sumi. As for the large type plant, the roots are relatively easy to grow and the plant is easy to propagate. And for the small type, vice versa. One of the most famous lineage of the large type Kinbotan is 'Kametani Kinbotan (亀谷金牡丹)' of which abbreviation is 'Kamekin (亀金)'. There are many variations with variegation colors and variegation types, which makes us want to collect many Kinbotans. So, the price is very stable even if Kinbotan plants get propagated. Kinbotan is still on the way of evolution and will fascinate us forever. GSR: 富貴蘭 金牡丹 |
Kingin rasha | 金銀羅紗 | きんぎんらしゃ | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Rashaba, konsei ga tsuyoi, hasaki marudome, neat erigumi. A bit unique flower: tenzaki, thin petals with rasha surface, highly curved spurs, white. The direct translation is "gold and silver woolen cloth". Striped plants have been found in seedlings, named 'Sharaku (写楽)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 金銀羅紗 |
Kinkabuto | 金兜 | きんかぶと | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | A bit nochizae yellow stripe. The stripe will get bright especially in autumn, it is said that this is the brightest yellow variety of all the yellow striped fuukirans. The direct translation is "golden (war) helmet". Mr. Ogawa (尾川氏) in Ise no kuni (old province name of Mie Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Province) found a wild fuuran in 1868 (M1) and was growing it. Mr. Fukushima (福島氏) bought it in 1880 (M13). Then bright yellow stripe appeared and he named it 'Kinkabuto'. Mother plant of 'Kinkabuto fukurin (金甲覆輪)' and 'Jindai (神代)' which is a
nakasuke
konpuku variety. GSR: 富貴蘭 金兜 |
Kinkabuto fukurin | 金甲覆輪 | きんかぶとふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kinkabuto' | - | Bright yellow dai fukurin though the new leaf is light green (nochizae), himeba. First mutated in Mr. Fukushima (福島氏)'s house of Nagoya City in 1897 (M30) from 'Kinkabuto'. There is another record that this mutated in Ise no kuni (old province name of Mie Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Province). This is relatively stable as a dai fukurin variety which mutated from a stripe variety. This was called 'Kin fukurin (金覆輪)' in old times. GSR: 富貴蘭 金兜覆輪 |
Kinkaku | 金閣 | きんかく | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagawa Pref. | 2003 (H15) | Yellow dai fukurin, medium-small size, mud root tips but sometimes ruby when it comes out from the variegated area. The variegation color changes depending on the season or growing conditions. For example, the top leaf comes out with light green variegation, then turns to bright yellow as it ages, or the top leaf comes out with whitish variegation and then turns to reddish yellow as it ages. Found in Shodoshima Island, Kagawa Prefecture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Ddoshima). Mr. Toide (樋出氏) was growing a wild fuuran found in Shodoshima, then Mr. Seishichi Fujii (藤井清七氏) bought it, and Mr. Toshiyuki Kato (加藤敏之氏) named it 'Kinkaku' (temporarily it was called 'Kinjou fukurin (金城覆輪)', which is not used now). GSR: 富貴蘭 金閣 |
Kinkirin | 錦麒麟 | きんきりん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Kirinmaru' | 1998 (H10) | Shima mutation of 'Kirinmaru (麒麟丸)'. Top leaf has light green stripe which turns to whitish yellow as it ages. An offshoot baby of normal 'Kirinamru' showed stripes in Mr. Tadashi Fukumori (福森正氏)'s house of Kochi Prefecture. Then the baby was grown, propagated, and checked the stability of the shima characteristic. Finally it was registered as 'Kinkirin'. The direct translation is "brocaded giraffe". GSR: 富貴蘭 錦麒麟 |
Kinkou nishiki Kinkō nishiki |
金広錦 | きんこうにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Okayama Pref. | - | Wide leaves, himeba with rikiba, magnificent kisugata, a bit nochizae yellow stripe. Plants which have good stripes are rare. The direct translation is "golden wide brocade". This was called 'Oo nishiki (大錦)' when Mr. Kojiro Hattori (服部小次郎氏) was growing secretly in Nagoya City. Temporarily this was called 'Nihon nishiki (日本錦)'. Then Mr. Fukushima (福島氏) bought it and renamed 'Kinkou nishiki'. Mother plant of 'Kokkiden (国輝殿)' and 'Kinkou nakafu (金広中斑)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 金広錦 |
Kinkousei Kinkōsei |
金光星 | きんこうせい | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | - | Small size, a bit standing leaf, prolific. The leaves of this variety has small translucent dimples which look like "stars" when we hold the leaves up to the light, which we call sukashiboshi. This was considered to be extinct but Mr. Fukushima (福島氏) living in Aichi Prefecture found again in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1882 (M15). One growth found at that time was propagated and this variety still survives. The direct translation is "golden shining star". GSR: 富貴蘭 金光星 |
Kinkujaku | 金孔雀 | きんくじゃく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mie Pref. | - | Thick and wide bean leaf, norifu. The norifu will be brightened under high light. The direct translation is "golden peacock". Temporarily called 'Kinjou no fu (金城の斑)' in old times. A plant which shows bright norifu is called 'Kinmeigyoku (金明玉)'. It was written in old literature that this mutated from 'Isechabo', but it is considered now that there is no relation between 'Kinkujaku' and 'Isechabo'. GSR: 富貴蘭 金孔雀 |
Kinroukaku Kinrōkaku |
金鏤閣 | きんろうかく | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | - | - | Norifu-ish bright yellow tora fu. There are two types: 'Hiroba-kinroukaku (広葉金鏤閣)' (wide leaf type) and 'Hosoba-kinroukaku (細葉金鏤閣)' (narrow leaf type). High light will brighten the tora fu. The direct translation is "golden palace". GSR: 富貴蘭 金楼閣 OR 金鏤閣 |
Kinshiryuu Kinshiryū |
金司龍 | きんしりゅう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kihousei' | 1998 (H10) | Mutation from 'Kihousei', bright yellow stripe. The direct translation is "dragon governing gold". In very old Meikan, this name can be found on the center seat, but then the 'Kinshiryuu' at that time was extinct and the description "this variety can be seen recently" is found in a fuukiran textbook written over 80 years ago. The present 'Kinshiryuu' appeared as a mutated offshoot baby from 'Kihousei' in Shizuoka Prefecture. A variety extinct once has revived in present day. This story makes me feel a dream... GSR: 富貴蘭 金司龍 |
Kinuura nishiki | 衣浦錦 | きぬうらにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 1989 (S64/H1) | Medium size, a bit standing himeba, slow nochizae yellow stripe. "Kinuura" is a place name in Aichi Prefecture. GSR: 富貴蘭 衣浦錦 |
Kin'yuukou Kin'yūkō |
金幽晃 | きんゆうこう | Tiger Stripe (Tora fu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | - | Medium size, thick and wide leaf, bright yellow tora fu. Found in Toutoumi no kuni (old province name of Shizuoka Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dmi_Province) in 1930 (S5). Moving history: Mr. Sugimura (杉村氏) 1940 (S15) → Mr. Kenkichi Hiraoka (平岡鎌吉氏) → Mr. Seishichi Fujii (藤井清七氏). At first, this plant was very bright and less green, so this did not increase for 20-30 years, then began to put out babies gradually. Mr. Fujii took so much effort for many years to grow this variety. The direct translation is "slight golden light". GSR: 富貴蘭 金幽晃 |
Kirinju | 麒麟樹 | きりんじゅ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Kirinmaru' | 2009 (H21) | Light green
nakasuke
konpuku bean leaf, mutation from 'Kirinmaru' found in Korea. This was taken back to Japan in around 2000 by Mr. Harada (原田氏). The variegation was incomplete at that time, but then it got stable as nakasuke. GSR: 富貴蘭 麒麟樹 |
Kirinmaru | 麒麟丸 | きりんまる | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | - | Small size, bean leaf, good hagasane, good erigumi, strong and prolific, easy to make a big clump. GSR: 富貴蘭 麒麟丸 |
Kiseigyoku | 貴青玉 | きせいぎょく | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | - | - | Neat kisugata, good erigumi, konsei ga yowai, easy to grow. GSR: 富貴蘭 貴青玉 |
Kishuu fukko Kishū fukko |
紀州伏虎 | きしゅうふっこ | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | 1993 (H5) | Large size, sagging leaf, tsuyuukeba, nochizae yellow torafu. The direct translation is "lying tiger of Kishuu". "Kishuu" is the old province name of Wakayama Prefecture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kii_Province). There are two variegation areas on one leaf: the norifu area and the area where the torafu penetrates to the backside of the leaf. The leaf thickness of the penetrating torafu area gets thin and the leaf surface looks bumpy. This is expressed as "Onishibori (鬼しぼり)" of which direct translation is "ogre squeeze". GSR: 富貴蘭 紀州伏虎 |
Kishuu kouryuu Kishū kōryū |
紀州甲龍 | きしゅうこうりゅう | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | - | Largely-curved wankyokuba, kouryuuba (not all), strange flower. This was called 'Omote kouryuu (表甲龍)' or 'Kinshiryuu (錦糸龍)' in old times. GSR: 富貴蘭 紀州甲龍 |
Kishuu sekko Kishū sekko |
紀州雪虎 | きしゅうせっこ | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | - | White torafu. The direct translation is "snow tiger of Kishuu". "Kishuu" is the old province name of Wakayama Prefecture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kii_Province). This resembles 'Setsuzan (雪山)'. 'Kishuu sekko' puts out green roots while 'Setsuzan' mud. It is easy to distinguish them when growing season. Small-type plants with clear white torafu selected from Kishuu sekko seedlings are called 'Kishuu hakusetsu (紀州白雪)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 紀州雪虎 |
Kochou no mai Kochō no mai |
胡蝶の舞 | こちょうのまい | Flower (Hanamono) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | 2005 (H17) | Half-green lip-like sepals (so-called "kochou zaki (胡蝶咲き)"). This is the first fuukiran variety which has this type of flower. The direct translation is "butterfly dance". GSR: 富貴蘭 胡蝶の舞 |
Kochousen* Kochōsen |
古朝鮮 | こちょうせん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Seedling of 'Kaioumaru' | 2014 (H26) | Bean leaf with unique fukurin and sumi, selected from selfed seedlings of 'Kaioumaru (海皇丸)'. The direct translation is "old Korea". GSR: 富貴蘭 古朝鮮 |
Kohaku | 琥珀 | こはく | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | 1934 (S19) | Unclear white torafu, slender leaf and himeba. Found in 1941 (S16), and named on January 10th, 1943 (S18) in Osaka City. It is better to grow under low light to show the variegation. The direct translation is "amber". GSR: 富貴蘭 琥珀 -琥珀殿 |
Kohakuden | 琥珀殿 | こはくでん | Unique (Tokushu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Kohaku' | 2005 (H17) | Mutation from 'Kohaku (琥珀)'. White torafu with white fukurin. Small size and standing leaf. Around 30 years ago, stripe appeared in a hobbyist's house in Aichi Prefecture, then the variegation was stabilized to fukurin. The direct translation is "amber palace". GSR: 富貴蘭 琥珀殿 |
Kokkiden | 国輝殿 | こっきでん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kinkou nishiki' | - | Fukurin form of 'Kinkou nishiki (金広錦)'. Yellow dai fukurin, wide leaf, rikiba. Yuurei children often come out, so there are few clumps which has fixed fukurin growths. The direct translation is "national brightning palace". GSR: 富貴蘭 国輝殿 |
Kokkouden Kokkōden |
国光殿 | こっこうでん | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Light green nakafu with
konpuku, large size, sometimes shows tsuyuukeba. The direct translation is "national light palace". Mother plant of 'Ooyashima (大八洲)'. At the beginning of Meiji era (around 1870), a military police found out in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture. It was called 'Kenpei kon' (憲兵紺, "green of military police" if translated) at that time. GSR: 富貴蘭 国光殿 |
Kokubotan | 黒牡丹 | こくぼたん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 2013 (H25) | There are many variations from 'Kokubotan', which is so-called "Kokubotan & Kinbotan group". Originally 'Kokubotan' was the mother plant of 'Kinbotan'. 'Kokubotan' was registered newly in 2013 but we can find the name in old documents. In 1892 (M25), an offshoot growth of 'Kokubotan' showed yellow torafu and it was named 'Kinbotan'. But then, it is said that the mother 'Kokubotan' died and only 'Kinbotan' survived. All the present 'Kokubotan' came out from 'Kinbotan', which means that a disappeared variety revived, i.e., there is a reversible change between 'Kokubotan' and 'Kinbotan'. That's exactly why the "Kokubotan and Kinbotan group" fascinates us. Furthermore, 'Kokubotan' (and 'Kinbotan') sometimes shows many kinds of stripes or occasionally fukurin. If a striped 'Kokubotan' turned to yuurei, then it will be 'Kinbotan'. The direct translation of "Kokubotan" is "black peony". There are some special identifications or names to show lineages and characteristics. "No. 1" is the lineage from Shikoku Sansou-en. This lineage is very famous and popular because 'Kokubotan No. 1' occasionally bring 'Kibotan nishiki (黄牡丹錦)'. 'Kibotan nishiki' has tenzae yellow stripes which remain on old leaves (not nochikurami). 'Kibotan nishiki' is very precious and many hobbyists desire. 'Gesshou (月笙)' is a kind of 'Kokubotan', which was turned from 'Kinbotan' in Mr. Ikuo Nishiguch (西口郁夫氏)'s greenhouse in Mie Prefecture. GSR: 富貴蘭 黒牡丹 |
Kokuhouden Kokuhōden |
国宝殿 | こくほうでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kumamoto Pref. | 1994 (H6) | Light yellow stripe on new leaf but then it gets bright yellow as the leaf ages (nochizae), sometimes kumo wo ukaberu (similar to 'Unryuu no taki'), large size, himeba. The direct translation is "national treasure palace". Sometimes turns to fukurin which is called 'Kokuhouden fukurin (国宝殿覆輪)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 国宝殿 |
Kokuryuu Kokuryū |
黒龍 | こくりゅう | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Tokushima Pref. | 2013 (H25) | Curved bean leaf (wankyokuba and mameba), 'Seikai' type flower with darker pink and green. The direct translation is "black dragon". GSR: 富貴蘭 黒龍 |
Kokuyou Kokuyō |
黒燿 | こくよう | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Fukuoka Pref. | 2007 (H19) | Middle size bean leaf, yasuriba, thick straight leaves, pinkish 'Seikai' type flower. GSR: 富貴蘭 黒燿 |
Komaru | 小丸 | こまる | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Shimane Pref. | 1991 (H3) | Small mujiba, thick leaves, sharp leaf tip. The direct translation is "small one". GSR: 富貴蘭 小丸 |
Kongouhou Kongōhō |
金剛宝 | こんごうほう | Bean leaf with stripe (Mameba shima) | Mud | Mud | Mountain | 'Tamakongou' | 2008 (H20) | Massive bean leaf with bright yellow tenzae stripe, selected from 'Tamakongou' seedlings. Mother variety of 'Kongoukan (金剛冠)' which has yellow dai fukurin. GSR: 富貴蘭 金剛宝 |
Koto no yuki | 古都の雪 | ことのゆき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Higashidemiyako' | 2015 (H27) | Mutated from 'Higashidemiyako (東出都)' in Aichi Prefecture. Snow white double fukurin which is called Sankounakafu (三光中斑). This type of variegation (sankounakafu) of Fuukiran usually becomes apparently fukurin as the plant grows even if the chibas have clear sankounakafu. But this variety has clear double fukurin when the plant has matured. The area of the green fukurin becomes thick, and the flowers have a bit wide petals which is unique to this type of leaf variation. GSR: 富貴蘭 古都の雪 |
Kotou fukurin Kotō fukurin |
湖東覆輪 | ことうふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Higashidemiyako' | - | Tenzae or very slightly nochizae yellow fukurin, mutated from 'Higashidemiyako (東出都)' in Oumi no kuni (old Province name of Shiga Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cmi_Province) at first. GSR: 富貴蘭 湖東覆輪 |
Kotou nishiki Kotō nishiki |
湖東錦 | ことうにしき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Long standing leaves, osa ga yurui, snow white kirikomi fukurin with chirifu-jima, sometimes the variegation color can change. There was only one growth in Japan for long time, but recently it propagates gradually. In Edo period, this had chirifu and Mr. Mahira (真平氏) in Gifu Prefecture grew it. Then the pant moved to Mr. Maruhira (丸平氏) in Shiga Prefecture, where the variegation turned to white kirikomi fukurin 16 years later, and it was named 'Kotou nishiki'. In 1883 (M16), Mr. Hikosaburo Hattori bought the plant and it took 25 years to be three growths. One growth of these three growths went to Marquis Ikeda (池田侯爵). One went to Mr. Seishichi Fujii (藤井清七氏) in May, 1937 (S12). However, a cat which Mr. Fujii was keeping slept on the plant all through the night, so the plant was snapped at the base. Then fortunately some babies came out but they were yuurei growths or solid green growths. But finally some growth which have good variegation came out in around 1975. GSR: 富貴蘭 湖東錦 |
Kotou no tsurugi Kotō no tsurugi |
湖東の剣 | ことうのつるぎ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Shin kotou' | 1988 (S63) | Mutation from 'Shinkotou (新湖東)'. White fukurin sword leaves, small size. This was called 'Shinkotou fukurin (新湖東覆輪)' in old times, but there is a variety named 'Kotou fukurin (湖東覆輪)' and they were confusing. So this was renamed 'Kotou no tsurugi' to express the sword leaf form ("tsurugi" means sword). One of the four swords (see Lineages and Genealogies section). GSR: 富貴蘭 湖東の剣 |
Koukiden Kōkiden |
晃貴殿 | こうきでん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Shimane Pref. | 2007 (H19) | Medium small size, ruby root tips. The variegation is very complicated; tora-ish stripe, unclear green stripe, fukurin-ish stripe, yuurei and so on. The variegation appears under high light, which is called "aburi gara (炙り柄)". GSR: 富貴蘭 晃貴殿 |
Kouunkaku Kōunkaku |
黄雲閣 | こううんかく | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | 2000 (H12) | Large size, unclear boundary but bright torafu, koshifu when put under high light. The direct translation is "yellow cloud palace". This was introduced as 'Yellow flower found in Kagoshima Prefecture (鹿児島県産黄花)' but the flower is very pale yellow (almost white). GSR: 富貴蘭 黄雲閣 |
Kujakumaru | 孔雀丸 | くじゃくまる | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Straight | - | - | Konsei ga yowai standing leaves. There are mainly two types (sometimes intermediate types can be seen though): bean leaf type and long leaf type. The bean leaf type has strong rasha surface with minute longitudinal wrinkles, straight tsuke, and tenzaki flowers. The long leaf type has weak rashaba, crescent tsuke, and normal flowers. The long leaf type plants can put out the bean leaf type ones, and vice versa. The direct translation is "peacock". The selfed seedlings are called 'Seibotan (青牡丹)' to distingush them from the original plants. GSR: 富貴蘭 孔雀丸 |
Kurama noshi | 鞍馬熨斗 | くらまのし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Noshiba, a bit large size, thick and wide leaf. Almost all leaves show noshi form. Easy to become shindomari. The rarest among the three noshiba varieties ('Kihousei', 'Kurama noshi', and 'Takara noshi'). GSR: 富貴蘭 鞍馬熨斗 |
Kutsuwamushi | 轡虫 | くつわむし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | 1954 (S29) | Bean leaf with suzumushiken, tenzaki pink flower. This name came from that this is bigger size plant than 'Suzumushi'. The direct translation is "giant katydid". This was found in Marquis Ikeda's greenhouse, who was a feudal lord of Okayama domain (旧岡山藩主池田侯爵), in 1942 (S17), then a division was given to Mr. Seishichi Fujii (藤井清七氏). This one divided growth survived the World War II and 'Kutsuwamushi' plants still live today. GSR: 富貴蘭 轡虫 |
Kyokushou Kyokushō |
旭昇 | きょくしょう | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | 2003 (H15) | Large size, standing leaf, whitish yellow torafu. The color of the root tips is mud at the beginning of growth, but then turns to rubyish pink. Very prolific. Found in Tokunoshima (徳之島, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokunoshima). The memorial variety which was registered as Amamikei for the first time. Plants on which old leaves the torafu remains are said to have good characteristic (jougei), but the appearance of torafu often depends on the seasonal and light conditions. GSR: 富貴蘭 旭昇 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maizuru | 舞鶴 | まいづる | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Mountain | - | - | Small sized but massive bean leaf, retains leaves well (haguri ga yoi), erigumi ga yoi, a bit konsei ga yowai. Not so easy to propagate so there are not so many plants. The plant shape (kisugata) which has many small and neat leaves fascinates us. There is a place name "Maizuru City" in northern area of Kyoto Prefecture but I do not know if there are relations to this Fuukiran name. The direct translation is "dancing crane". GSR: 富貴蘭 舞鶴 |
Manazuru | 真鶴 | まなづる | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | 'Nishidemiyako' | - | Mutation from 'Nishidemiyako (西出都)'. Whitish yellow
nakasuke
konpuku. 'Nishidemiyako' often put out 'Manazuru' but many Manazuru growths will turn to yuurei as they mature.
Nakasuke
konpuku plants which came out from 'Ginsekai (銀世界)' and 'Tamanishiki (玉錦)' are called 'Gintsuru (銀鶴)' and 'Tamatsuru (玉鶴)', respectively, which are not registered though. It is said that 'Gintsuru' and 'Tamatsuru' are more stable than the normal 'Manazuru'. The Japanese word "tsuru(鶴)" means "crane" and is often used to the name of
nakasuke
konpuku varieties, especially mutated from Nishidemiyako group. The direct translation of "Manazuru" is "white-naped crane". "Gintsuru"is "silver crane" but more strongly means a
nakasuke
konpuku variety from 'Ginsekai'. Also "Tamatsuru" is "(jade) ball crane" in direct translation but it means a
nakasuke
konpuku variety from 'Tamanishiki'. Note that the Kanji character "鶴" in 'Saikaku (西鶴)' does not mean the
nakasuke
konpuku trait. GSR: 富貴蘭 真鶴 |
Mangetsu | 満月 | まんげつ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Wide and graceful himeba, the top leaf has light green marginal variegation but it turns to yellow dai fukurin as the leaf ages (nochizae). Often called "Queen" (cf. 'Fuukiden' the "King"). In old times, this was called 'Daifukurin (大覆輪)' or 'Taiten (大典)'. Large 'Mangetsu' is sometimes called 'Tenkyou (天橋)' but there is an opinion that the plant size depends on the growing conditions. So, 'Tenkyou' is generally called 'Mangetsu' now but I think that there is surely difference between 'Mangetsu' and 'Tenkyou' in the size and the large type of 'Mangetsu' can surely exist, which is just my opinion. The direct translation of "Mangetsu" is "full moon". GSR: 富貴蘭 満月 |
Mihata | 御旗 | みはた | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | 'Miyako habutae' | - | Mutation from 'Miyakohabutae (都羽二重)'. Wide standing leaves, tenzae yellow dai fukurin, looks masculine. In 1880 (M13), this came out from 'Miyakohabutae' at Mr. Tamihei Suzuki (鈴木民平氏)'s house in Owari no kuni (old province name of Aichi Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owari_Province). At first, this was called 'Nishiki no mihata (錦の御旗)' but then some people incorrectly called it 'Mihata nishiki (御旗錦)'. This 'Mihata nishiki' was not so proper to this variety because the word "nishiki (錦)" usually means "stripe (shima)". So that was renamed 'Mihata'. The direct translation is "Imperial standard". GSR: 富貴蘭 御旗 |
Mikado | 帝 | みかど | Center variegation (Naka fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Ooemaru no shima' | - | Mutation from 'Ooemaru no shima (大江丸縞)'. Massive konohagata leaves, yellow center stripe (nakafu). The direct translation is "emperor". GSR: 富貴蘭 帝 |
Misukage | 御簾影 | みすかげ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Large size, thick and wide leaf, a bit standing leaf, light green stripe (konjima if the light green area is dominant). The direct translation is "shade of a bamboo blind in a palace", which I think is very nice name for this variety. The other names are 'Touunkaku (東雲閣)' and 'Oushukukou (王宿晃)'. Parent of 'Jinpuu (神風)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 御簾影 |
Mitsurugi | 御剣 | みつるぎ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Kiboden' | - | Mutated from 'Kiboden (貴母殿)'. White fuka fukurin, leaves curve towards the center axis of the plant (inversely curved himeba, "uchizori (内反り)" leaf). One of the three (four) swords (see "Lineage and Genealogies" section). An old document says that in 1879 (M12), Mr. Kakuemon Nomura (野村覚右ェ門氏) living in Mino no kuni (old province name of Gifu Prefecture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mino_Province) bought a white-striped Fuuran at 25 Sen ("Sen (銭)" is a name of Japanese currency. 1 JPY = 100 Sen. 25 Sen in 1879 is about 6,000 JPY at the present value of currency) from a peddler. Then it turned to fukurin variety and was named 'Mitsurugi'. "Mitsurugi" means swords which emperor and nobles use. GSR: 富貴蘭 御剣 |
Miyako habutae | 都羽二重 | みやこはぶたえ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyoto Pref. | - | Thick and wide standing leaf, tenzae whitish yellow stripe, the yellow color gets darker on older leaves. Mother plant of 'Mihata (御旗)'. "Miyako (都)" means Kyoto and "habutae (羽二重)" is a kind of silk fabric called "habutae silk" in English. There is a white stripe variation which is sometimes called 'Shirataki (白滝)'. But it is not so common because generally the thick stripe looks yellow while thin stripe does white. GSR: 富貴蘭 都羽二重 |
Mugen | 夢幻 | むげん | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | 2001 (H13) | Massive bean leaf with plump stem. Debuted from a professional fuukiran shop in Osaka during the bean leaf fever and was very popular and expensive. The direct translation is "dream and illusion". GSR: 富貴蘭 夢幻 |
Murasaki Shikibu | 紫式部 | むらさきしきぶ | Flower (Hanamono) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | 1995 (H7) | Pinkish flower despite of green stem and green root tip. Mr. Tetsuo Kudo (工藤哲生氏) found a plant with "purple pink flower (紫紅花)" on the tag among several fuurans which came from Mr. Sakaki Bakuzan (榊莫山氏). Five years later, Mr. Kudo was surprised to see the pinkish flower bloomed from the fuuran of which stem and root are green. Note that Mr. Tetsuo Kudo was the president of the Japan Fuukiran Society and Mr. Sakaki Bakuzan was a professional calligrapher and a Fuuran hobbyist. The person who wrote the title of the annual transaction of the Japan Fuukiran Society is Mr. Sakaki Bakuzan. "Murasaki Shikibu" is name of a famous Japanese novelist in Heian Period, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu. GSR: 富貴蘭 紫式部 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nangoku no mai | 南国の舞 | なんごくのまい | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shikoku area | 2006 (H16) | Double-petal flower (yaezaki or danzaki) without spurs (sometimes spurs come out but are short and not noticeable). The petal joints are colored pink. Flower often blooms in autumn as well as in spring. The direct translation is "dance in a southern country". GSR: 富貴蘭 南国の舞 |
Naniwajishi shironakafu | 浪速獅子白中斑 | なにわじししろなかふ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Naniwa jishi' | - | Kuruiba with white nakafu. Mutated from 'Naniwa jishi (浪速獅子)' which was found in Settsu no kuni (the old province name of Hyogo and Osaka Prefecture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settsu_Province), has solid green kuruiba, and is not registered. If the nakafu remains on the old leaves, it is called 'Okina jishi (翁獅子)'. And if the variegation turned to chirifu-ish stripe (chirifu jima), it is called 'Chiyoda jishi (千代田獅子)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 浪速獅子白中斑 |
Nankai sekko | 南海雪虎 | なんかいせっこ | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 1979 (S54) | A bit narrow leaf, gracefully arced himeba, whitish yellow kiri tora fu. The variegation will develop too much under high light and consequently the leaves get easy to fall. So, it is difficult to control the light intensity despite of the yellow tora fu variety (usually the yellow tora varieties need high light). Furthermore, this is a weak and unprolific fuukiran, resulting in less number of plants and good specimens. I want persons who are confident in growing fuukirans to grow this variety. The direct translation is "snow tiger of southern ocean". GSR: 富貴蘭 南海雪虎 |
Nioiodoshi | 匂威 | においおどし | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | 2013 (H25) | A mutation from a genpei-ish white stripe fuuran found in Tokunoshima Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokunoshima). Then gradually the variegation turned to white fukurin, and had an impressive debut at the National Fuukiran Show & Judge in Kyushu in 2004 (H16). Soon after the Show, a division went to Korea and named 'Hihou (飛鳳)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 匂威 |
Nishidemiyako | 西出都 | にしでみやこ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyoto Pref. | - | Tenzae white fukurin with cutting-in stripes, basically double fukurin but it will get to look like normal fuurin when the plant got mature. Famous as a mother of many mutated varieties (see "Lineages and Genealogies" section). Some hobbyists who grow many 'Nishidemiyako' plants dreaming that someday they will turn to something, but actually it is rare to turn compared to the other mutation-producing varieties such as Kenkoku, Kinbotan/Kokubotan, and Ginpuu. GSR: 富貴蘭 西出都 |
Nishikiori | 錦織 | にしきおり | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | 2006 (H18) | Mr. Toshiyuki Kakimoto (柿本俊行氏) found this variety in Wakayama Prefecture in 1993 (H5). The variegation pattern has very wide spectrum: solid green (muji), mimizuri fu, thin fukurin, normal fukurin, dai fukurin, tora, and yuurei. Generally jimigara plants put out mud roots, but some roots will show ruby root tips when the plants have wider variegation area (normal fukurin or more). As for tora or yuurei plants all the root tips are ruby. It is misterious that a yuurei plant can grow by itself, maybe because the yuurei plants have invisible chlorophyll. Note that jimigara plants can put out hadegara plants but hadegara plants cannot put out jimigara babies. And Jimigara plants sometimes turn to hadegara plants but hadegara plants never turn to jimigara plants. So this variety can turn to more hade plants than the mother plant but the mutation is irreversible. I think it is better to have a jimigara (but not muji) plant because we can enjoy the change or mutation of the plant itself or offshoot babies. GSR: 富貴蘭 錦織 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ononokomachi | 小野小町 | おののこまち | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | 2015 (H27) | Flower buds don't open. Mr. Mamoru Ito (伊藤守氏) found this variety from wild fuurans and named after a Japanese poet (Ono no Komachi), which probably means no one has never seen the face (i.e., flower) actually. GSR: 富貴蘭 小野小町 |
Ooemaru no shima Ōemaru no shima |
大江丸縞 | おおえまるのしま | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Aichi Pref. | - | Wide leaf called konohagata, round-stopped leaf tip (hasaki marudome), bright yellow stripe but light green on the top leaf (nochizae). Magnificent plant shape (kisugata) but relatively thin roots. The shape of tsuke is shallow crescent moon. A record in Ansei era (1854-1860, Ansei era (安政年間)) can be found but named in 1880 (M13). Mother plant of 'Mikado (帝)' (nakafu) and 'Daidoumaru (大洞丸)' (dai fukurin). The variety without any variegation (muji) is called 'Ooemaru (大江丸)', which was a registered variety but was excluded from the registered varieties in 2004 (H16). So now 'Ooemaru' is an unregistered variety. GSR: 富貴蘭 大江丸縞 |
Oonami seikai Ōnami seikai |
大波青海 | おおなみせいかい | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Green | Wave | Hyogo Pref. | - | Large wankyokuba, a bit big white flower, easy to bloom. There are many seedlings which have various variegations (e.g., 'Oonamisekikai shima (大波青海縞)'). The direct translation is "big wave in blue ocean". GSR: 富貴蘭 大波青海 |
Ootakamaru Ōtakamaru |
大鷹丸 | おおたかまる | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | A bit straight bean leaf. Crescent tsuke and normal flower despite of bean leaf. Thick fleshy leaves (especially lower leaves), which is a different point from 'Isechabo'. There are many seedlings which have variegations (e.g., 'Ootakamaru no shima (大鷹丸縞)'). Another Kanji writing "大高丸" which has the same pronunciation. GSR: 富貴蘭 大鷹丸 |
Ootori Ōtori |
鳳 | おおとり | Center variegation (Naka fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Fuji nishiki' | - | Light yellow nakafu variety mutated from 'Fuji nishiki (富士錦)'. Plants that have fixed clear nakafu are rare. The direct translation is "(male) phoenix". GSR: 富貴蘭 鳳 |
Ooyashima Ōyashima |
大八洲 | おおやしま | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kokkouden' | - | Large size, standing leaf, tenzae bright yellow tsume fukurin. Mutated from 'Kokkouden (国光殿)' in Kagawa Prefecture. Pale yellow flower. "Ooyashima" is an old name of Japan (see Names of Japan). Mother plant of 'Yashima no tsuki (八洲の月)' (not registered) which have much thicker fukurin variegation than 'Ooyashima'. GSR: 富貴蘭 大八洲 GSR: 富貴蘭 八洲の月 |
Orihime | 織姫 | おりひめ | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Shiga Pref. | - | Himeba with white stripe, but sometimes the color of the variegation becomes yellowish, maybe because of the growing conditions such as light intensity. The variegated area has minute green chirifu. Found in around 1877 (M10) in Oumi no kuni (the old province name of Shiga Prefecture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cmi_Province). 'Keiga' and 'Orihime' are referred to as a couple; 'Keiga' is husband and 'Orihime' is wife. See the "Tanabata (七夕)" story in which "Orihime" appears if interested. Note that "Orihime" is coupled with not "Keiga" but "Hikoboshi" in the "Tanabata" story. GSR: 富貴蘭 織姫 |
Orihime fukurin | 織姫覆輪 | おりひめふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Orihime' | - | Yellowish white fukurin with minute green chirifu (matsuba wo chirasu), mutated from 'Orihime (織姫)'. The more completely fukurin is stabilized, the less chirifu gets. The plants which have many chirifu or the plants of which marginal variegations do not reach the leaf tips are unstable and often revert to the original 'Orihime'. From an old document, a plant which mutated in Yamato no kuni (the old province name of Nara Prefecture, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_Province) was named 'Orihime fukurin' for the first time. GSR: 富貴蘭 織姫覆輪 |
Ougyokuden Ōgyokuden |
黄玉殿 | おうぎょくでん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | 2016 (H28) | Middle size, yellow dai fukurin, himeba. Looks tranquil and elegant though most yellow dai fukurin varieties look shiny and showy. Not so fertile and not so easy to inherit the stable dai fukurin to babies, so good plants are very rare. The root tip color is sometimes topaz which is called "ougyoku (黄玉)" in Japanese. The direct translation is "topaz palace". GSR: 富貴蘭 黄玉殿 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rain no hikari | 羅因の光 | らいんのひかり | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 1944 (S19) | Yellow stripe with deep green background, medium size. The characteristics are in fairly wide range, especially for leaf shapes, because four varieties, i.e., 'Toua no hikari (東亜の光)', 'Kinshiden (金鵄殿)', 'Matsushima nishiki (松島錦)', and 'Edo nishiki (江戸錦)', were united in 1944 (S19) into one variety 'Rain no hikari'. GSR: 富貴蘭 羅因の光 |
Rasha fukurin | 羅紗覆輪 | らしゃふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Medium size, a bit standing himeba, brownish yellow fukurin. "Rasha" means a woolen cloth but the leaf surface texture of this variety is not so rough, though the surface looks a bit mat. This variety looks similar to 'Higuma fukurin (羆覆輪)'. The differences are (i) 'Rasha fukurin' has no sumi and (ii) the variegation of 'Rasha fukurin' on the top leaf does not have white color. 'Rasha fukurin' used to be sold as 'Higuma fukurin' because 'Higuma fukurin' was much more expensive... GSR: 富貴蘭 羅紗覆輪 |
Reihou Reihō |
霊峰 | れいほう | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 1997 (H9) | Middle size, a bit narrow leaf, akebono tora, ruby root tip. The appearance of this variety remarkably changes seasonally; in summer, the top leaf will get brilliant yellowish white and the root tips will get ruby though they are mud in spring. So, this looks like a normal fuuran in spring but changes beautifully in summer. Sometimes tora variegation remains on the old leaves when grown under high light. This plant was found and selected from wild fuurans. Mr. Ikuo Nishiguchi (西口郁夫氏) confirmed the stability of these characteristics, had efforts to propagate the plant, and named 'Bonten (梵天)' at that time. Renamed 'Reihou' at the registration. The direct translation is "sacred mountain". GSR: 富貴蘭 霊峰 |
Renjoumaru Renjōmaru |
連城丸 | れんじょうまる | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kanagawa Pref. | - | A bit large himeba, thick leaves, massive hasugata. The top leaf has light green margins, then the marginal variegation becomes yellow, especially reddish yellow in autumn. The way of change of the variegation color is not uniform, which looks like tora fukurin (i.e., kumo wo ukaberu). Therefore, this variety has unique appearance. Found in Kamakurayama (鎌倉山) of Kanagawa Prefecture (Google Map) in Edo Period. The variety of which variegation color turns to tenzae white is considered to be 'Higuma nishiki (羆錦)', though no records can be found. GSR: 富貴蘭 連城丸 |
Risshiden | 立司殿 | りっしでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Small size, standing leaves (tachiba), unique kisugata, green stripes (konjima) flow. Sometimes snow white mimizuri fu appears on the top leaf. GSR: 富貴蘭 立司殿 |
Ryokuhou Ryukuhō |
緑宝 | りょくほう | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | 2000 (H12) | Neat hasugata, erigumi ga yoi, a bit konsei ga yowai, wide stem, wide leaf, a representative of the bean leaf varieties which have green stem, green root, and crescent tsuke. The direct translation is "green treasure". It is said that this was found in Awaji Island but it's not sure. There are many variations in 'Ryokuhou' seedlings, especially shima varieties such as 'Rokusaihou (緑彩宝)' (registered). The seedlings which have mud stem are called 'Beniryokuhou (紅緑宝)' (non-registered). GSR: 富貴蘭 緑宝 |
Ryokusaihou Ryokusaihō |
緑彩宝 | りょくさいほう | Bean leaf with stripe (Mameba shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Seedling of 'Ryokuhou' | 2011 (H23) | Selected seedlings of 'Ryokuhou (緑宝)' seeded in Korea. Clear whitish yellow stripes, a bit nochizae. The direct translation is "green-colored treasure". This was called 'Ryokuhou no shima (緑宝の縞)' before registration. This variety appeared at very expensive price at first, being said "very rare", but actually there were many plants in flasks and soon they came into the market one after another. So the price steeply fell down and many Japanese hobbyists were bewildered. I guess this event caused a psychological trauma against fuurans seeded or propagated in flasks for many Japanese hobbyists. I think this variety has good potential and we can enjoy it at relatively low costs compared to other striped bean leaf varieties. GSR: 富貴蘭 緑彩宝 |
Ryuuzen nishiki Ryūzen nishiki |
龍泉錦 | りゅうぜんにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2002 (H14) | Large size, a bit standing leaf, yellowish white stripe, almost tenzae. Selected from 'Takachiho no shima (高千穂の縞)' group as described in 'Getsurin (月輪)'. Originally this was called 'Takachiho no shiro shima (高千穂の白縞)'. Note that this is different from the mother plant of 'Getsurin' which was also called 'Takachiho no shiro shima'. GSR: 富貴蘭 龍泉錦 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saikaku | 西鶴 | さいかく | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Nishidemiyako' | 2006 (H18) | Mutation from 'Nishidemiyako (西出都)', appeared in the beginning of Showa era. Wavy tsuke, and leaves wave as well, which looks magnificent and dynamic. There may be two types; large and small type, or the plant size may depend on the growing conditions. I'm not sure but this may have been named after Ihara Saikaku. This was called 'Gyokuryuu (玉龍)' in old times. Gyokuryuu means "ball dragon", not "dragon ball" ^^; GSR: 富貴蘭 西鶴 |
Seihou Seihō |
清宝 | せいほう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Shishiou nishiki' | 1975 (S50) | A bit narrow standing leaf, mutation from 'Shishiou nishiki (獅子王錦)' though this was introduced as a mutation of 'Tekkyouden (鉄橋殿)' when it was registered. Originally this is a
konpuku variety but the konuku is not stable, so now this is generally known as a variety of green and white stripes on light green background, sometimes with
konpuku. GSR: 富貴蘭 清宝 |
Seikai | 青海 | せいかい | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | - | Thick and short wankyokuba, unique pink flower. This exists since Edo Period. Flower is very beautiful as well as kisugata. This name comes from the Japanese traditional pattern called "Seigaiha (青海波)". What a suitable name! Literally, "Seikai (青海)" means "blue ocean", while "Seigaiha" is "blue ocean wave". This was called 'Seigaiha' in old days. A bit difficult to grow. I met this variety when I was 10 years old (1978, S53), then I was addicted to fuukiran. I remember that I bought one small growth at 30,000 JPY using my "Otoshidama (お年玉)" which I saved for several years (see "Otoshidama" section in Japanese New Year). At the 69th National Fuukiran Show & Judge in Osaka City organized by Japan Fuukiran Society in 2018, Mr. Jason Fischer, Orchids Limited in the US, won a bronze medal for his Seikai which he is growing for 15 years. I think this was a memorial event because it made us recognize the globalization of the Japanese traditional fuukiran world. GSR: 富貴蘭 青海 |
Seikouboku Seikōboku |
青光墨 | せいこうぼく | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | - | Tenzae white chirifu but a bit nochikurami, sometimes enbiba and kamaba, sumi on back side of leaf. The direct translation is "lushly shining ink". Sometimes white stripes or green stripes appear. Mutated from 'Aojishi (青獅子)' which has solid green leaves including enbiba and kamaba. The other varieties of 'Aojishi' group are: 'Seikouboku fukurin (青光墨覆輪)', 'Seikouden (星光殿)', 'Aojiku higuma (青軸羆)', 'Higuma no hikari (羆の光)', and 'Masamune (政宗)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 青光墨 |
Seikouden Seikōden |
星光殿 | せいこうでん | Center variegation (Naka fu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Seikouboku' | 1939 (S14) | A bit small size,
konpuku (nakafu is light green). The direct translation is "star light palace". Temporarily this was considered to be a same variety as 'Aojiku higuma (青軸羆)' in old times. But now they are considered to have different characteristics, i.e., whether enbiba and kamaba appear or not; 'Seikouden' shows enbiba and kamaba but 'Aojiku Higuma' does not (only normal leaves). Namely, 'Seikouden' more strongly shows the traits of the mother variety 'Aojishi'. In the old documents, it was said that this mutated from 'Kiboden (貴母殿)' but now this is considered to be a mutation from 'Aojishi'. GSR: 富貴蘭 星光殿 |
Seiou nishiki Seiō nishiki |
青王錦 | せいおうにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | - | Middle size, himeba, a bit nochizae yellow stripe, kumo wo ukaberu. The direct translation is "blue king brocade". Mother variety of 'Seiou fukurin (青王覆輪)'. In an old explanation, "this is a mutation from 'Kishuu seiou (紀州青王)'" can be found but 'Kishuu seiou' is unknown, so 'Seiou nishiki' is an independent variety now. GSR: 富貴蘭 青王錦 |
Seiryouden Seiryōden |
清涼殿 | せいりょうでん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | 1994 (H6) | Medium size, a bit standing himeba, yellow dai fukurin on konsei ga tsuyoi background. Seasonally nochizae with kumo or tenzae. Mr. Masahiko Miyamoto (宮本正彦氏) in Osaka Prefecture got one hade wild fuuran, then he propagated it with his love. There were 19 growths in 5 plants when registered in 1994 (H6). The direct translation is "refreshing and cool palace". There are a palace which has the same name in Kyoto Imperial Palace (京都御所). GSR: 富貴蘭 清涼殿 |
Seiryuu jishi Seiryū jishi |
青龍獅子 | せいりゅうじし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Wave | - | - | Small size, mujiba, hariba and kuruiba, normal flower. Very prolific, strong, and many plants are there. GSR: 富貴蘭 青龍獅子 |
Senzai | 千載 | せんざい | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Green | Green | Straight | Kyushu area | 2000 (H12) | Very small bean leaf, neat kisugata, similar to 'Kuroshinju (黒真珠)' (unregistered). The flower is tenzaki with round fat petals (baiben), and relatively big compared to the plant size. So this is popular as a flower variety. Affordable now because seed propagated plants came to the market. I guess this name comes from "Senzai Ichiguu (千載一遇)". "Senzai" means thousand years and "Ichiguu" is to meet only once, then "Senzai Ichiguu" is "meet only once in thousand years". GSR: 富貴蘭 千載 |
Seto no tsurugi | 瀬戸の剣 | せとのつるぎ | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Kyushu area | 2003 (H15) | Gutter leaf like 'Benkeimaru (弁慶丸)' but not so arced, neat hasugata, erigumi ga yoi. Dark mud in the lower area than tsuke. GSR: 富貴蘭 瀬戸の剣 |
Setsuzan | 雪山 | せつざん | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | White tiger stripe on dark green background. Middle size, a bit himeba, strong grower. The direct translation is "snow mountain". In Edo period, it is said that people enjoyed woodcut of this variety because this was too rare to get a real plant. GSR: 富貴蘭 雪山 |
Shachi kouryuu Shachi kōryū |
鯱甲龍 | しゃちこうりゅう | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Small size, kuruiba, kouryuu on almost all leaves. There are two opinions about the relation between 'Shachi kouryuu' and 'Shishi kouryuu (獅子甲龍)': one is that these two varieties have quite different origin from each other, the other is that these two have the same origin and 'Shachi kouryuu' shows the unique characteristics more strongly than 'Shishi kouryuu', which is similar to the case of 'Kujakumaru (孔雀丸)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 鯱甲龍 |
Shigyoku | 紫玉 | しぎょく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Straight | Seedling of 'Ootakamaru' | 2004 (H16) | Thick bean leaf and strongly sumi wo nagasu. Selfed seedling of 'Ootakamaru (大鷹丸)' by Mr. Mamoru Ito (伊藤守氏) in Aichi Prefecture. This is the first seed-propagated variety which was registered with the Japan Fuukiran Society. The direct translation is "purple ball". GSR: 富貴蘭 紫玉 |
Shikouden Shikōden |
司光殿 | しこうでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Thick leaves with light greenish yellow stripes but the contrast is not so good. Mother plant of 'Chouseiden (長生殿)'. Unfortunately this variety is sometimes being used as a fake of 'Yachiyo (八千代)' which belongs to 'Kenkoku' group. Recently the Shikouden plants that have Ychiyo-gei are called 'Shikouden Yachiyo'. GSR: 富貴蘭 司光殿 |
Shimanishiki | 島錦 | しまにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagawa Pref. | 1995 (H7) | A bit long and graceful himeba. The variegation on top leaf looks like konjima on light green background, then it turns to yellow stripe from the leaf tip. The variegation color and its transition are very unique. A saijougara plant looks like having stripes of three colors, i.e., bright yellow, olive green, and dark green. GSR: 富貴蘭 島錦 |
Shingen | 信玄 | しんげん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2012 (H24) | Yellow norifu which is a kind of aburi dora, reddish ruby root tip. The looks significantly depend on the growing conditions and the skill of growers. I'm not sure but this name comes from Takeda Shingen. GSR: 富貴蘭 信玄 |
Shinkotou Shinkotō |
新湖東 | しんことう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Tenzae white stripe with good contrast to the dark green background, sumi, medium size. The striped area is a bit easy to be burned so lower light will be better. Mother plant of 'Kotou no tsurugi (湖東の剣)' which is a fukurin variety and one of "four swords (四剣)" (see Lineages and Genealogies section). This has no relation to 'Kotou nishiki (湖東錦)' and 'Kotou fukurin (湖東覆輪)'. There is an opinion that this is a mutated variety from 'Asahiden (朝日殿)' which has tenzae yellow stripe. GSR: 富貴蘭 新湖東 |
Shiraku | 至楽 | しらく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 2010 (H22) | Narrow leaf, sharp leaf tip, graceful himeba, medium size. Green chirifu on white background and konjima, a bit nochikurami. Beautiful ruby root tip. Reddish anthocyanin pigmentation will appear under high light. The color combination of white, green, red and ruby is beautiful and unique. Found in the end of Showa era (昭和末期). The direct translation is "supreme bliss". GSR: 富貴蘭 至楽 |
Shiratae | 白妙 | しらたえ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 1995 (H7) | Tenzae white stripe with good contrast to the dark green background. Matsuba will appear on wide white stripes. Wide leaf, gracefully arced himeba. There were 12 growths when found in Aya Town, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Among them, 10 growths had stripes (two were solid green). GSR: 富貴蘭 白妙 |
Shishi kouryuu Shishi kōryū |
獅子甲龍 | ししこうりゅう | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Medium size, narrow kuruiba with some kouryuuba. Strong grower. Among the plants of this variety, the selected plants of which all leaves are kouryuuba are called 'Ikkaku (一角)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 獅子甲龍 |
Shishinden | 紫宸殿 | ししんでん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Suruga fukurin' | - | Yellow fukurin mutated from 'Suruga fukurin (駿河覆輪)'. The variegation color of new leaf is cream including light green, then it turns to bright yellow from the leaf tip. There are plants that has white variegation on the top leaf and yellow fukurin on the aged leaves, but such kind of plants often revert to the 'Suruga fukurin', i.e., white fukurin variety. On the other hand, even if a plant has whitish fukurin, if the top leaf comes out with cream fukurin, the whitish fukurin will often turn to bright yellow under high light. It is important to look the color of the top leaf. "Shishinden (紫宸殿)" is the most important ceremonial building in The Kyoto Imperial Palace. GSR: 富貴蘭 紫宸殿 |
Shishiou nishiki Shishiō nishiki |
獅子王錦 | ししおうにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagawa Pref. | - | Narrow leaf, loose erigumi, several kuruiba and enbiba, white chirifu stripe with konjima, sumi on the back side of leaves. Mother variety of 'Seihou (清宝)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 獅子王錦 |
Shitakiri suzume | 舌奇離雀 | したきりすずめ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Tokushima Pref. | 2005 (H17) | The lip hangs down, which looks like being cut. First this variety came out to the market as a leaf mutation variety but then the flower was found to be unique. Each Kanji character means 舌 (shita): tongue 奇 (ki): strange 離 (ri): divide 雀 (Suzume): sparrow So this variety name means "a sparrow whose tongue is divided strangely". The origin of this name is the story of "Shitakirisuzume (舌切り雀)" of which pronunciation is the same but the characters are different. GSR: 富貴蘭 舌奇離雀 |
Shoujou Shōjō |
猩々 | しょうじょう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | - | Classical pink flower variety which is similar to 'Shutennou (朱天王)'. The original word "Shōjō" is explained in Wiki. This variety was found a bit prior to the discovery of 'Shutennou'. The differences of this variety from 'Shutennnou' are only stronger konsei and more arced himeba. The temporary name was 'Shoujou no mai (猩々の舞)' (dancing of Shoujou) but then people came to call just 'Shoujou'. GSR: 富貴蘭 猩々 |
Shunkyuuden Shunkyūden |
春及殿 | しゅんきゅうでん | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | - | This is the first variety of the mutated flower called yaezaki or danzaki in the fuukiran world. The flower is tairinka which has yellowish green and pink on the white background. The base of the petals are fairly dark pink. The number of spurs are different from flower to flower, i.e., one flower has no spur but another flower may have several spurs. The flower looks gorgeous and has longer life than other normal fuuran flowers. Found in Kochi Pref in 1931 (S6), and Mr. Kichigoro Suzuki (鈴木吉五郎氏) of the owner of Shunkyuu en (春及園) in Yokohama City first introduced to hobbyists in 1942 (S17). This name comes from this shop name. Good grower and prolific. GSR: 富貴蘭 春及殿 |
Shunrai | 春雷 | しゅんらい | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | 2009 (H21) | Nochizae yellow stripe, especially it turns to orangish yellow in autumn under high light. The plants which have fine stripes are very rare. The direct translation is "spring thunder". GSR: 富貴蘭 春雷 |
Shutennou Shutennō |
朱天王 | しゅてんのう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 1979 (S54) | Classical and representative red flower variety. The direct translation is "red emperor". Commonly and traditionally we call this type of flowers "red flower" but actually the petals are almost white, although the spurs and ovaries are surely red. Many mutated (and interesting) varieties by seeding are coming out in front of us. It may be difficult to get the original divisions now. GSR: 富貴蘭 朱天王 |
Suihou Suihō |
翠宝 | すいほう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 1996 (H8) | Nochizae bright yellow dai fukurin. Magnificent and large-sized. The direct translation is "jade treasure". There are many conventional dai fukurin varieties whose babies come out as yuurei-ish or genpei-ish growths, i.e., the offshoot babies are often unstable. But this variety is very stable from the viewpoint of the inheritance to the new growths. There is an opinion that this variety was found in Amami area but the flower season is different from that of Amami fuurans. So, there are people who think this was found in not Amami area but Kyushu area. GSR: 富貴蘭 翠宝 |
Suisen | 翠扇 | すいせん | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | 1999 (H11) | Thick and standing bean leaf, fat stem, neat erigumi, and massive looking. The flower is tenzaki and stocky baibenka. The direct translation is "jade fan". A clump which four growths composed was found in Kagoshima Prefecture in 1975 (S50). In those days, one growth was sold at 5,000,000 JPY (@_@;) GSR: 富貴蘭 翠扇 |
Suishou fukurin Suishō fukurin |
水晶覆輪 | すいしょうふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Tenzae snow white fukurin on dark green background resulting in very good contrast. A few (not all) leaves have small translucent dimples which look like "stars" when we hold the leaves up to the light, which we call sukashiboshi. A bit narrow standing leaf, neat hasugata. This variety exists since Edo period but there are few clumps because it's unprolific. Mr. Ueno (上野氏) in Tamkamatsu City of Sanuki no kuni (the old province name of Kagawa Prefecture) introduced this variety in Keiou era. There is a record that Mr. Kumataro Fuke (福家熊太郎氏) in Takamatsu bought this variety from Mr. Kyuzaburo Tani (谷久三郎氏) at 100 JPY per one leaf in 1881 (M14) (about 2,400,000 JPY at the present currency ...per one leaf!). Note that the price of fuukiran was set per one leaf for every variety many years ago. For example, in 1970s, the price of one leaf of 'Fuukiden' was about 100,000 JPY so one growth which had 5 leaves was about 500,000 JPY ('Nishidemiyako' was around 5,000 JPY per one leaf at that time). "Suishou" means "crystal". Recently plants that have sumi, from among many 'Suishou fukurin' plants, were found and are called 'Murasaki suishou (紫水晶)' (purple crystal). GSR: 富貴蘭 水晶覆輪 |
Suminagashi | 墨流 | すみながし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | - | Wide and thick leaves, a bit standing himeba. Glossy dark green streaks can be found on the leaf surface, which we call sumi. If fuuran has this kind of streaks, we call that trait sumi wo nagasu. Suminagashi plants that have many sumi streaks are specifically called 'Surusumi (摺墨)', which was temporarily called 'Houreki (鳳歴)' in old times. Recently a striped mutation of 'Surusumi' was found and named 'Konparu (紺波流)'. Furthermore, from Suminagashi seedlings, several remarkable varieties such as 'Kogane nishiki (黄金錦)' and 'Tenmei (天明)' have come out to the market. Sumi is a bit difficult to understand I think. This word is often translated as "black ink" or "black stripe". These are not always correct because the sumi of 'Suminagashi' is not black but glossy dark green. This is a linear tissue change of leaf surface, which is sometimes called kenjousen (堅条線). For example, 'Kenkoku' has the same kind of streaks as those of 'Suminagashi' but we call them not sumi but kenjousen. Sumi of 'Kenkoku' is really black line. I will write the detailed explanation of 'sumi' somewhere. GSR: 富貴蘭 墨流 GSR: 富貴蘭 摺墨 |
Suruga botan | 駿河牡丹 | するがぼたん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | 2008 (H20) | Medium size, himeba, neat hasugata. Unclear tora fu appears under high light. Babies come out with
konpuku but then turn to yuurei as they matured. The inheritability of the traits is very good. GSR: 富貴蘭 駿河牡丹 |
Suruga fukurin | 駿河覆輪 | するがふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | - | Tenzae white fukurin, wide leaf, large size, found in Suruga no kuni (the old province name of Shizuoka Prefecture). Mother variety of 'Shishinden (紫宸殿)'. A Shinto priest of Oka no miya shrine (岡の宮神社) in Shizuoka City growed this variety with full of his love, and the plants were never allowed to be taken out of his greenhouse. After he passed away, 13 big clumps were distributed to hobbyists in 1880 (M13). One leaf was 50 JPY or more at that time (about 1,200,000 JPY at the present currency, see Note of 'Suishou fukurin' for the old pricing way). The plants which have wider variegation area are called 'Koureiden (皇麗殿)' but this name is not general and unfamiliar. GSR: 富貴蘭 駿河覆輪 |
Suzumushi | 鈴虫 | すずむし | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | - | Bean leaf with suzumushiken, osa ga tsumaru. Literal translation is "bell cricket". Recently striped mutation was found. GSR: 富貴蘭 鈴虫 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tachitaihou Tachitaihō |
立大鵬 | たちたいほう | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | - | Standing bean leaf, neat hasugata, konsei ga tsuyoi. The habitat is unknown but there is a record at the beginning of Showa era: "This variety has not been seen for long time, but Mr. Katayama living in Senshu re-found a plant in Kishu area and divisions of that plant are distributed now." (永年見当らざりしが泉州の片山氏、紀州方面より発見し、現在之が斯界に分布散在す) GSR: 富貴蘭 立大鵬 |
Taikan | 大観 | たいかん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | 2012 (H24) | Yellowish white kirikomi fukurin with green chirifu (matsuba wo chirasu). A bit standing wide leaf, large size, gorgeous and magnificent kisugata. Selected Amami seedlings seeded in Korea. This seems to be named after a Japanese artist Yokoyama Taikan. GSR: 富貴蘭 大観 |
Taikyokusen* | 太極仙 | たいきょくせん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Seedling of Amami | 2018 (H30) | Very large size, milky white stripe, gracefully arced himeba, elegant kisugata. Selection from Amami seedlings seeded in Korea. Fukurin mutation is called 'Taikyokukan (太極冠)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 太極仙 |
Taiyouden Taiyōden |
太陽殿 | たいようでん | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | - | Narrow and thin leaves, loose erigumi. A bit greenish light yellow stripe on konsei ga yowai background, which gives gentle appearance. The literal translation is "Sun palace". It is said that this was mutated from 'Seiou nishiki (青王錦)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 太陽殿 |
Taiyou fukurin Taiyō fukurin |
太陽覆輪 | たいようふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Taiyouden' | - | Mutation from 'Taiyouden (太陽殿)'. Yellow fukurin and kumo wo ukaberu. Slow grower and unprolific. The basic traits except the variegation are the same as 'Taiyouden'. There is a record that this was very expensive around 1878 (M10). GSR: 富貴蘭 太陽覆輪 |
Takakuma | 高隈 | たかくま | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | White torafu, a bit nochikurami. Temporarily called 'Hakutaka (白鷹)' or written as 'Takakuma (鷹熊)' (same pronunciation but different Kanji characters) in old times. The torafu pattern is less clear than 'Setsuzan (雪山)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 高隈 |
Takara fukurin | 宝覆輪 | たからふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Takara nishiki' | 2011 (H23) | Fukurin mutation from 'Takara nishiki (宝錦)'. An old variety but registered recently (2011). GSR: 富貴蘭 宝覆輪 |
Takara nishiki | 宝錦 | たからにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Thick and wide leaves, kinuji leaf surface, a bit himeba, konsei ga tsuyoi. The stripe is a bit nochizae, i.e., it is light green on the new leaf but then turns to bright yellow, and whitish yellow on old leaves. Especially the stripes will turn almost white in autumn. The literal translation is "treasure brocade". Mother variety of 'Takara fukurin (宝覆輪)' (registered) and 'Takaranishiki nakafu (宝錦中斑)' (not registered). GSR: 富貴蘭 宝錦 |
Takara noshi | 宝熨斗 | たからのし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Straight standing leaf, rough matt surface with ritsujousen, sumi on the back side of leaf, noshiba, sometimes kudaba. The literal translation is "treasure Noshi". Temporarily called 'Tsukasa tenryuu (司天龍)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 宝熨斗 |
Tamagawa | 玉川 | たまがわ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kanagawa Pref. | - | Medium small size, a bit standing narrow leaf with sharp tip, white mimizuri fu. Occasionally ito fukurin appears. Chiba of an offshoot baby has often white fukurin. GSR: 富貴蘭 玉川 -玉川錦 |
Tamagawa nishiki | 玉川錦 | たまがわにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Medium large size, narrow but thick standing leaf, a bit nochizae bright yellow stripe. In old textbooks, we can find that 'Tamagawa' mutated to 'Tamagawa nishiki', but clearly these are different varieties. 'Kinshizasa (錦糸笹)' is very similar to 'Tamagawa nishiki', so there is an opinion that these two varieties are same, but it's not sure. GSR: 富貴蘭 玉川錦 |
Tamakongou Tamakongō |
玉金剛 | たまこんごう | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | - | A representative variety of bean leaf, erigumi ga yoi, massive and prolific. The leaf length often differs one by one, so the growing skills will affect significantly the shape of a plant. The direct translation is "ball of diamond". Several variegated mutation, such as 'Kongouhou (金剛宝)', are appearing from Tamakongou seedlings. GSR: 富貴蘭 玉金剛 |
Tamanishiki | 玉錦 | たまにしき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Straight | 'Nishidemiyako' | 1986 (S61) | Mutation from 'Nishidemiyako (西出都)'. Very small size, himeba, ichimonji gata, tenzae white fukurin which is the same as that of 'Nishidemiyako'. This was first found among standard 'Nishidemiyako' plants grown by Mr. Mitsuo Saito (斎藤三男氏) in Hamamatsu City in the end of Showa era. The shape was very pretty like a ball, so it was named 'Tamanishiki' (note that "tama" means "ball"). Clumps which consists of fukurin growths only are rare. GSR: 富貴蘭 玉錦 |
Tatsuhoko | 龍鉾 | たつほこ | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | - | Kuruiba which some favor but others don't. Another name is 'Tsukasa jishi (司獅子)'. Mother variety of 'Tatsuhoko no shima (龍鉾の縞)' which has tenzae and nochikurami whitish yellow chirifu. GSR: 富貴蘭 龍鉾 |
Tekkyouden Tekkyōden |
鉄橋殿 | てっきょうでん | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Nara Pref. | - | Narrow and long standing leaf with sharp tip. Light green nakafu with
konpuku, but sometimes dark green center line appears. It's not showy but has unique atmosphere. The literal translation is "iron bridge palace". No name for a long time but named 'Tekkyouden' at the National Fuukiran Show held at Seikanrou (静観楼) of Umeda City, Osaka Prefecture, in 1940 (S15). GSR: 富貴蘭 鉄橋殿 |
Tengyokuhou Tengyokuhō |
天玉宝 | てんぎょくほう | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Kyushu area | 1999 (H11) | Very massive bean leaf, good hagasane and erigumi. Tenzaki flower of which base of the petals is pale pink. This pale pink color of the petal base is one of the points to distinguish this variety from other similar bean leaf varieties. GSR: 富貴蘭 天玉宝 |
Tenkei fukurin | 天恵覆輪 | てんけいふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | 'Gojou fukurin' | - | Mutation from 'Gojou fukurin (御城覆輪)'. It is said that this appeared first in Meiji era. Mr. Fukushima (福島氏) in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, named 'Tenkei fukurin' in 1901 (M34), and 30 JPY per one leaf at that time (about 120,000 JPY at the present currency). "Tenkei" means "Heaven's blessing". The fukurin variegation of the top leaf is greenish cream then it turns to bright yellow. This top leaf color is important to distinguish this variety. Even if the old leaves are yellow, if the top leaf is white, such a plant is not a perfect 'Tenkei fukurin'. It may revert to 'Gojou fukurin' someday. This type of plant is called 'Gekkeikan (月桂冠)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 天恵覆輪 |
Tenkouden Tenkōden |
天晃殿 | てんこうでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kumamoto Pref. | 2004 (H16) | A bit nochizae whitish yellow stripe, the variegation pattern is relatively stable as a variety of stripe. A bit standing thick leaf. This variety had been grown for a long time by a hobbyist living in Tottori Prefecture. GSR: 富貴蘭 天晃殿 |
Tennyo no mai | 天女の舞 | てんにょのまい | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2004 (H16) | The literal translation is "dance of angel". Yaezaki flower variety which was found secondly after the discovery of 'Shunkyuuden (春及殿)'. Mr. Kichigoro Suzuki (鈴木吉五郎氏) who named 'Shunkyuuden' said that 'Shunkyuuden' was a rare flower variety which was considered to be impossible to find similar varieties again (容易に再出現はあり得ないと思う稀有の銘花である。). But in the present day, we can enjoy several yaezaki varieties such as 'Tennyo no mai' and 'Nangoku no mai (南国の舞)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 天女の舞 |
Tenryou Tenryō |
天領 | てんりょう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2005 (H17) | Tenzae yellow stripe, wide and standing leaf, one of the largest varieties as a striped variety except Amami lineages. This belongs to 'Takachiho no shima (高千穂の縞)' group. GSR: 富貴蘭 天領 |
Tensen | 天仙 | てんせん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | 2008 (H20) | Found in Tokunoshima Island in 1990 (H2). It was just one shindomari growth with almost genpei variegation when found. Fortunately (almost miraculously) the descendants grew to be marvelous. Very large size, milky white fukurin which is sometimes pale yellow depending on growing conditions. The first variety registered as a fukurin variety of Amami lineage. The striped variety is called 'Suisen nishiki (酔仙錦)' which is rare because the shima variety 'Suisen nishiki' tends to turn to the fukurin variety 'Tensen'. GSR: 富貴蘭 天仙 |
Tenshihou Tenshihō |
天賜宝 | てんしほう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | 2003 (H15) | A bit large size, standing leaf with sharp leaf tip, snow white sankounakafu and kirikomi fukurin. Selected from among the wild fuurans found in Kyushu area at the end of Showa era. Named by Mr. Mamoru Ito (伊藤守氏) in Aichi Prefecture. The literal translation is "treasure given from the God". GSR: 富貴蘭 天賜宝 |
Ten'yuu Ten'yū |
天優 | てんゆう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2011 (H23) | Nochizae bright yellow fukurin, wide and thick leaf, gracefully arced himeba. This was a striped standing leaf fuuran like 'Miyako habutae (都羽二重)' when found in a mountain of Miyazaki Prefecture. Then Mr. Kunihiko Watanabe (渡辺邦彦氏) in Hiroshima Prefecture got the plant and it turned to himeba during his care. He named the striped himeba fuuran 'Tenju (天樹)' and the first offshoot baby turned to fukurin variety. This fukurin growth is 'Ten'yuu (天優)' named by Mr. Watanabe. The yellow stripe variety 'Tenju' tends to turn easily to fukurin variety, i.e., 'Ten'yuu', so 'Tenju' is so rare now. I'm one of registrators of 'Ten'yuu'. GSR: 富貴蘭 天優 |
Tougen Tōgen |
桃源 | とうげん | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | 1960 (S35) | Pale pink flower. The first registered variety in Japan Fuukiran Society as a flower variety. There are many kinds of flower varieties now but there was only one before the World War II. Narrow and long-arced leaf. The literal translation is "origin of pink". GSR: 富貴蘭 桃源 |
Toutenkou Tōtenkō |
東天紅 | とうてんこう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Chiba Pref. | 1975 (S50) | Pink flower which is not so dark. Stem and root tip are pale mud so this does not look like a pink flower variety. It seems that this is popular because pink flowers bloom on a plant that is not likely to bloom pink flowers. There were two growths which had two leaves of 2 cm each when found. Mr. Kichigoro Suzuki (鈴木吉五郎氏) in Yokohama City got them and propagated. The literal translation is "East sky gets red", which later turned to mean the cries of chickens which tell us the dawn or a variety name of chicken "Long Crower". GSR: 富貴蘭 東天紅 |
Touyouden Tōyōden |
東洋殿 | とうようでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyoto Pref. | - | A bit large size, thick standing leaf, whitish chirifu and stripe. The literal translation is "Oriental palace". Mother variety of 'Akebono (曙)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 東洋殿 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unkai | 雲海 | うんかい | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 1991 (H3) | The literal translation is "sea of clouds". A bit small size, a bit thin but wide leaf (may be classified into bean leaf or bantam leaf), mutated pink flower like 'Seikai (青海)' but a bit paler than that of 'Seikai'. GSR: 富貴蘭 雲海 |
Unryuu no taki Unryū no taki |
雲龍滝 | うんりゅうのたき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shizuoka Pref. | - | A representative variety of nochizae yellow stripe. A new leaf comes out with almost solid green, then a half or one year later yellow stripes will appear with kumo wo ukaberu. Thick leaf, sometimes tsuyuukeba, and koshi ga hikui plant shape, which is called "Unryuu gata (雲龍型)" (literally Unryuu shape). This Unryuu gata plant shape looks powerful and massive. Solid green babies often come out so fine striped growths are rare. Found in Mt. Amagi of the Izu Pninsula, and grown at a "Honjin (本陣)" (an inn officially designated as a lodging for a daimyo in the Edo period) in Suruga no kuni (the old province name of Shizuoka Prefecture). Then Mr. Kyūzaburō Tani (谷久三郎氏) got and named it 'Unryuu no taki'. GSR: 富貴蘭 雲龍滝 |
Ushiwakamaru | 牛若丸 | うしわかまる | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Wave | Shizuoka Pref. | 1983 (S53) | Gashi, rashaba, erigumi ga yoi, osa ga tsumaru. At the registration time, the appearance of this variety was considered to be better than that of 'Benkeimaru (弁慶丸)', so this was named 'Ushiwakamaru'. The explanations and stories can be found in: Ushiwakamaru (Minamoto no Yoshitsune) and Musashibo Benkei. GSR: 富貴蘭 牛若丸 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yaegoromo | 八重衣 | やえごろも | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Himeba with loose erigumi, tenzae white chirifu jima. Plants that have more showy variegation (green chirifu on white background) are sometimes called 'Koumeiden (光明殿)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 八重衣 |
Yamafubuki | 山吹雪 | やまふぶき | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2001 (H13) | Yaezaki flower (not danzaki), large plant size, wide himeba, a bit osa ga yurui. Literally, "snowstorm in a mountain". GSR: 富貴蘭 山吹雪 |
Yasomiya nishiki | 八十宮錦 | やそみやにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | 2001 (H13) | Wide and thick himeba, hasaki marudome, tenzae whitish yellow stripe but it will get whiter as the leaves mature. The stem is very pale mud, which looks almost green. This was sometimes called 'Aya nishiki (綾錦)' temporarily in old times, but there is an opinion that 'Yasomiya nishiki' and 'Aya nishiki' are different. GSR: 富貴蘭 八十宮錦 |
Yasuri takakuma | 鑢高隈 | やすりたかくま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | A bit large size, thick himeba, white torafu like 'Takakuma (高隈)' but no relation to 'Takakuma'. The leaf surface is rough like the texture of a file ("yasuri (鑢)"). This variety exists since the end of Edo period. The green root mutation of this variety is called 'Aone yasuri takakuma (青根鑢高隈)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 鑢高隈 |
Yatsufusa | 八房 | やつふさ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Chiba Pref. | 1998 (H10) | Kabutozaki flower. Standing leaf, large plant size. A lip and two petals are normal but three sepals are pale pinkish brown and difficult to open. GSR: 富貴蘭 八房 |
Yodo no matsu | 淀の松 | よどのまつ | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | - | A bit large bean leaf variety, wide leaves with a bit sharp leaf tips, konsei ga yowai, good hagasane. Recently several variegated varieties propagated by seeding came to the market. This is similar to 'Tamakongou (玉金剛)' but 'Yodo no matsu' is lighter green, wider leaves, shaper leaf tips, and a bit larger plant size. GSR: 富貴蘭 淀の松 |
Yodo no yuki | 淀の雪 | よどのゆき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyoto Pref. | - | Large plant size, straight long leaves grow almost horizontally, the fukurin variegation is yellowish on the top leaf but then turn snow white as the leaves mature. The white fukurins can easily be burned and turn dark brown partially. The matured leaves easily falls so hagasane is not good. GSR: 富貴蘭 淀の雪 |
Yoroidooshi Yoroidōshi |
鎧通し | よろいどおし | Needle leaf (Hariba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Literally "piercing an armor". Needle leaf (hariba) variety. Neat hasugata, strong grower, prolific, easy to be a big clump. Temporarily it was called 'Sotetsuba (蘇鉄葉)' or 'Chousentetsu (朝鮮鉄)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 鎧通し |
Youkihime Yōkihime |
楊貴姫 | ようきひめ | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | - | 1999 (H11) | Wide and thick leaves, a bit nochizae whitish yellow stripe. Mainly there are two opinions about the origin: (i) this is the same variety as the one that was introduced in a textbook at the beginning of Showa era, (ii) this is the green root tip type plant found among 'Kinkou nishiki (金広錦)' seedlings. The plant shape is similar to that of 'Kinkou nishiki' but some plants have grown up more massively than 'Kinkou nishiki' by fertilizing. Note that this has no relation to 'Youkihi (楊貴妃)' which has torafu on light green background. By the way, "Youkihi (楊貴妃)" is Japanese name of a famous beautiful woman of old China (see Yang Guifei). But the meaning of "Youkihime (楊貴姫)" is not clear. GSR: 富貴蘭 楊貴姫 |
Yuukoku nishiki Yūkoku nishiki |
幽谷錦 | ゆうこくにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | - | - | Thick and straight standing leaves with sharp leaf tips, a bit nochizae yellow stripe with good contrast to the deep green background, and kumo wo ukaberu. Named by Mr. Kyūzaburō Tani (谷久三郎氏) in Owari no kuni (old province name of Aichi Prefecture), whose greenhouse was called "Yuukoku an (幽谷庵)". He said "Fuuran reminds us of a deep valley and hidden profound beauty (風蘭は幽谷幽玄の趣あり)" and "This is the very fuuran which is expressing the world of this feelings (この品こそ幽玄の世界を醸し出す)". Temporarily this was called 'Tsurugaoka (鶴ヶ岡)' in old times. In around 1937 (S12), one growth that had five leaves were 170 JPY (about 300,000 JPY at the present currency). GSR: 富貴蘭 幽谷錦 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Registered in | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zuishou Zuishō |
瑞晶 | ずいしょう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | - | Medium small size, whitish cream fukurin with nori wo hiku like 'Fuukiden (富貴殿)' which gives a tranquil appearance. A unique characteristic is the anthocyanin pigmentation along the crescent tsuke. Mutated in the greenhouse of Mr. Shigesuke Shinoki (篠木重助氏) in Mie Prefecture and named by Mr. Fukushima (福島氏) in 1903 (M36), but deleted from Meikan for a long time because of a misunderstanding that this variety did not exist, so re-registered in 2012 (H24). What variety this mutated from is not clear. Mr. Kichigorō Suzuki (鈴木吉五郎氏) said that "It is said that this mutated from 'Suruga fukurin' but I'm not sure". The plants which have thicker fukurin (i.e., narrower green center) and becomes smaller are called 'Himefuuki (姫富貴)'. GSR: 富貴蘭 瑞晶 |
Zuiun | 瑞雲 | ずいうん | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Osaka Pref. | 1993 (H5) | Medium size. The top leaf is bright yellow like 'Kinbotan (金牡丹)', then the color turns to solid green. Found in Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan in around 1975 (S50). This had two names, i.e., 'Zuiun (瑞雲)' and 'Kagerou (陽炎)' before the registration. The flower is very pale yellow. GSR: 富貴蘭 瑞雲 |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akausagi | 赤兎 | あかうさぎ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Selected from 'Shutennou' seedlings. | Ref. [1], p. 111. The direct translation of "Akausagi" is "red rabbit". |
Amagaeru | 雨蛙 | あまがえる | Bean leaf with stripe (Mameba shima) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Selected from 'Tamakongou' seedlings. | Ref. [1], p. 67. The direct translation of "Amagaeru" is "tree frog". |
Amami Kanpaku | 奄美冠白 | あまみかんぱく | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Selected from Amami seedlings. | Ref. [1], p. 38. |
Ama no mitsutsuki | 天満月 | あまのみつつき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Tenpou' | Ref. [1], p. 41. |
Amatsubame | 雨燕 | あまつばめ | Flower (Hanamono) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 110. |
Anri | 杏里 | あんり | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 45. |
Aoshinju* | 青真珠 | あおしんじゅ | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Green | Wave | - | |
Ashura | 阿修羅 | あしゅら | Marginal variegation with rough surface (Fukurin & rasha-ba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Selected from 'Kingin rasha' seedlings. | Ref. [1], p. 84. |
Awabotan | 阿波牡丹 | あわぼたん | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Tokushima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 52. |
Awasumi nishiki | 阿波墨錦 | あわすみにしき | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Tokushima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 21. |
Ayasanpou | 綾三宝 | あやさんぽう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 20. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benibotan shima | 紅牡丹縞 | べにぼたんしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Benibotan' | Ref. [1], p. 81. |
Benihichou | 紅飛蝶 | べにひちょう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 110. |
Benisuishou* | 紅水晶 | べにすいしょう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 38. Registered in Korea Neofinetia Society as "Keirin 鶏林". |
Benisuzume | 紅雀 | べにすずめ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Selfed seedling of 'Shinryuukou' | Ref. [1], p. 105. |
Bishamonten | 毘沙門天 | びしゃもんてん | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 57. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chikuyou | 竹葉 | ちくよう | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 57. |
Chiyo no kotobuki | 千代の寿 | ちよのことぶき | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Shimane Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 111. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fugaku | 富嶽 | ふがく | Scattered stripe (Chirifu jima) | Mud or Green | Mud or Green | Crescent moon | - | Ref. [1], p. 46. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geisei no homare | 芸西の誉 | げいせいのほまれ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 23. |
Genjitsu | 幻日 | げんじつ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 39. |
Geppa | 月破 | げっぱ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 23. |
Gesshoukan | 月笙冠 | げっしょうかん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kokubotan' | Ref. [1], p. 91. |
Ginkaku | 銀閣 | ぎんかく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Selected from seedlings of 'Takakuma' x 'Amanogawa' | Ref. [1], p. 78. |
Ginpuu | 吟風 | ぎんぷう | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Tokunoshima island | Ref. [1], p. 100. |
Ginpuu botan | 吟風牡丹 | ぎんぷうぼたん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Ginpuu' | Ref. [1], p. 101. |
Ginpuu moegi daifukurin | 吟風萌黄大覆輪 | ぎんぷうもえぎだいふくりん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Ginpuu' | Ref. [1], p. 101. |
Ginpuu shiroshima | 吟風白縞 | ぎんぷうしろしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Ginpuu' | Ref. [1], p. 101. |
Ginseikan* | 銀星冠 | ぎんせいかん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | - | |
Goemon | 五右衛門 | ごえもん | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Straight | Seed-propagated. | Ref. [1], p. 58. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hakujitsumu | 白日夢 | はくじつむ | Bean leaf with marginal variegation (Mameba fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Mutation from 'tamakongou' seedlings in Aichi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 66. |
Hakuragi | 白羅 | はくらぎ | Marginal variegation (fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 42. |
Hakuro | 白露 | はくろ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Takakuma' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 79. |
Hakushika* | 白鹿 | はくしか | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Hakushuu Hakushū |
白州 | はくしゅう | Bean leaf with white stripes (Mameba shiroshima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Mugen' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 71. |
Hakutoukan Hakutōkan |
白桃冠 | はくとうかん | Marginal variegation (fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 40. |
Hananichirin | 花日輪 | はなにちりん | Bean lesf and round flower (Mameba hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 109. |
Haruna | 春菜 | はるな | Marginal variegation (fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 23. |
Hatenkou | 破天荒 | はてんこう | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Seedling | Ref. [1], p. 58. |
Hayabusa | 隼 | はやぶさ | Mutation of 'Nishidemiyako' | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Nishidemiyako' | Ref. [1], p. 89. |
Hekigyoku* | 碧玉 | へきぎょく | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | - | |
Higo tenryuu Higo tenryū |
肥後天龍 | ひごてんりゅう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kumamoto Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 24. |
Hijiri | 聖 | ひじり | Flower (Hanamono) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 107. |
Himeseikai* | 姫青海 | ひめせいかい | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave and Mountain | Amami seedling | |
Hisui fukurin | 翡翠覆輪 | ひすいふくりん | 'Hisui' with marginal variegarion (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Hisui' | Ref. [1], p. 86. |
Hokage* | 火影 | ほかげ | Tiger variegation (Tora fu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Hokutosei* | 北斗星 | ほくとせい | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Hougyoku Hōgyoku |
鳳玉 | ほうぎょく | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Kyushu area | |
Hougyoku shima Hōgyoku shima |
鳳玉縞 | ほうぎょくしま | Bean leaf with stripe (Mameba shima) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Self seedlings of 'Hougyoku' | Ref. [1], p. 71. |
Houmeiden shiroshima Hōmeiden shiroshima |
豊明殿白縞 | ほうめいでんしろしま | Houmeiden with white stripe | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Houmeiden' | Ref. [1], p. 76. |
Houshun Hōshun |
邦春 | ほうしゅん | Bean leaf with tiger stripe (Mameba tora) | Mud | Ruby | Wave | 'Tamakongou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 67. |
Hyuuga mouko Hyūga mōko |
日向猛虎 | ひゅうがもうこ | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 50. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Irodori | 彩 | いろどり | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 22. |
Isechabo shiroshima | 伊勢矮鶏白縞 | いせちゃぼしろしま | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mutation of 'Isechabo' in Aichi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 70. |
Issunboushi Issunbōshi |
一寸法師 | いっすんぼうし | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Tokushima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 58. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kagaribi* | 篝火 | かがりび | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Kagetora | 影虎 | かげとら | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 80. |
Kakiemon | 柿右衛門 | かきえもん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 24. |
Kami no shizuku | 神の雫 | かみのしずく | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mutation of 'Suikaden' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 69. |
Kamiyama nishiki | 神山錦 | かみやまにしき | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Tokushima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 45. |
Kamui | 神威 | かむい | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Green | Wave | 'Oonamiseikai' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 77. |
Kangaku* | 冠嶽 | かんがく | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Kangetsu | 観月 | かんげつ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 42. |
Kangetsu no utage | 観月の宴 | かんげつのうたげ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | Ref. [1], p. 34. |
Kan'unpou Kan'unpō |
冠雲峰 | かんうんぽう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 20. |
Kassai | 喝采 | かっさい | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 40. |
Kasuga | 春日 | かすが | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 42. |
Kazan | 華山 | かざん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Selection from 'Setsuzan' seedlings | Ref. [1], p. 35. |
Kenkoku fukurin | 建国覆輪 | けんこくふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kenkoku no shima' | |
Kenkokuhoukan Kenkokuhōkan |
建国宝冠 | けんこくほうかん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kenkoku no shima' | Ref. [1], p. 98. |
Kenpakukan | 建白冠 | けんぱくかん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kenkoku no shima' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 99. |
Kibotan nishiki | 黄牡丹錦 | きぼたんにしき | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kokubotan' | Ref. [1], p. 94. |
Kinbotan kijima | 金牡丹黄縞 | きんぼたんきじま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Kinbotan' | Ref. [1], p. 92, 93. |
Kinbotan shiroshima | 金牡丹白縞 | きんぼたんしろしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Kinbotan' | Ref. [1], p. 92, 93. |
Kingyoku botan | 金玉牡丹 | きんぎょくぼたん | Tiger (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Osaka Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 51. Also known as 'Izumi botan' |
Kinkonkan | 錦紺冠 | きんこんかん | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 44. |
Kinshaboku | 金紗墨 | きんしゃぼく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | 'Kinbotan' | Ref. [1], p. 93. |
Kirara | 輝羅々 | きらら | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Green | Crescent moon | 'Aone yasuri takakuma' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 79. |
Kishuu ryokufuu Kishū ryokufū |
紀州緑風 | きしゅうりょくふう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Wakayama Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 107. |
Kiyuuden Kiyūden |
黄幽殿 | きゆうでん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 25. |
Koganemushi | 黄金虫 | こがねむし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagawa Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 56. |
Kogane nishiki | 黄金錦 | こがねにしき | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Selfed seedlings of 'Suminagashi' | Ref. [1], p. 52. |
Kokonoeyama | 九重山 | ここのえやま | Needle leaf (Hariba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Oita Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 57. |
Kokubotan moegifukurin | 黒牡丹萌黄覆輪 | こくぼたんもえぎふくりん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kokubotan' | Ref. [1], p. 95. |
Kokubotan nochizae shima | 黒牡丹後冴え縞 | こくぼたんのちざえしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kokubotan' | Ref. [1], p. 95. |
Kokubotan shima | 黒牡丹縞 | こくぼたんしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kokubotan' | Ref. [1], p. 94, 95. |
Kokyuu* Kokyū |
故宮 | こきゅう | Tiger variegation (Torafu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Kondoru | 紺飛流 | こんどる | Middle penetrating variegation with green margins (Nakasuke Konpuku) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 45. |
Kongoukan Kongōkan |
金剛冠 | こんごうかん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Kongouhou' | Ref. [1], p. 64. |
Konparu | 紺波流 | こんぱる | Unique (Tokushu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Suminagashi' mutation in Tokushima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 81. |
Koukakuden Kōkakuden |
紅赫殿 | こうかくでん | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 105. |
Koukouya Kōkōya |
好々爺 | こうこうや | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 85. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mangekyou Mangekyō |
万華鏡 | まんげきょう | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Seedling | Ref. [1], p. 109. |
Manjushage* | 曼珠沙華 | まんじゅしゃげ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Seedling | Registered as 'Sankakuyama 三角山' in Korea Neofinetia Society. |
Matsumushi | 松虫 | まつむし | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | Ref. [1], p. 61. |
Merasuisei | 米良彗星 | めらすいせい | Unique (Tokushu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kyusyu area | Ref. [1], p. 71. |
Momoyama nishiki | 桃山錦 | ももやまにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 26. |
Muroto nishiki | 室戸錦 | むろとにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 22. |
Musashi | 武蔵 | むさし | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | - | Wakayama Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 56. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nadakiryuu Nadakiryū |
灘黄龍 | なだきりゅう | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Awaji island in Hyogo Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 49. |
Nakano fukurin | 中野覆輪 | なかのふくりん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Rasha fukurin' | Ref. [1], p. 83. |
Nanshuu daruma Nanshū daruma |
南洲達磨 | なんしゅうだるま | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 63. |
Nichirinfuuki Nichirinfūki |
日輪富貴 | にちりんふうき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Fuuki no hikari' | Ref. [1], p. 32. |
Niouden Niōden |
仁王殿 | におうでん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 81. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Omiwatari | 御神渡 | おみわたり | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Red | Crescent moon | 'Suikaden' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 70. |
Oonamiseikai shima Ōnamiseikai shima |
大波青海縞 | おおなみせいかいしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Green | Wave | 'Oonamiseikai' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 77. |
Ootakamaru shima Ōtakamaru shima |
大鷹丸縞 | おおたかまるしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Ootakamaru' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 70. |
Otoha | 音羽 | おとは | Center variegation (Nakafu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 23. |
Ouchou* Ōchō |
王朝 | おうちょう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Oukan Ōkan |
王冠 | おうかん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Nishidemiyako' | Ref. [1], p. 89. |
Ouken* Ōken |
王倹 | おうけん | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Ouza no mai Ōza no mai |
皇座の舞 | おうざのまい | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Yamaguchi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 110. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rakushou Rakushō |
洛匠 | らくしょう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Suzumushi' x 'Ooemaru no shima' | Ref. [1], p. 25. |
Ransetsu | 嵐雪 | らんせつ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 84. |
Reimei | 黎明 | れいめい | Tiger stripe (Tora fu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 51. |
Ryokuhoukan Ryokuhōkan |
緑宝冠 | りょくほうかん | Bean leaf with marginal variegation (Mameba fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Ryokuhou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 68. |
Ryouga Ryōga |
凌駕 | りょうが | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 17. |
Ryuusuizan Ryūsuizan |
龍水山 | りゅうすいざん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Green | Wave | 'Oonamiseikai' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 86. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samidare | 五月雨 | さみだれ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Green | Wave | Selfed seedling of 'Oonamiseikai' | Ref. [1], p. 86. |
Satsuma daiou | 薩摩大黄 | さつまだいおう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 21. |
Satsuma sansai | 薩摩三彩 | さつまさんさい | Stripe (Shima) | Pale mud | Pale mud | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 25. |
Seigen | 盛元 | せいげん | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 40. |
Seiou Seiō |
聖王 | せいおう | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Straight | 'Senzai' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 72. |
Seiryuu Seiryū |
西隆 | せいりゅう | Stripe (Shima) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Kagoshima Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 21. |
Seishi* | 西施 | せいし | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | Amami | Ref. [1], p. 39. |
Semishigure | 蝉時雨 | せみしぐれ | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Miyazaki Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 25. |
Senbazuru shima | 千羽鶴縞 | せんばづるしま | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Senbazuru' (found in Tokushima Pref.) | Ref. [1], p. 72. |
Sengaku* | 尖岳 | せんがく | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Mountain | 'Tamakongou' x 'Oonami seikai' | |
Senjukannon | 千手観音 | せんじゅかんのん | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Miyazaki Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 56. |
Sesshuu Sesshū |
雪舟 | せっしゅう | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Yamaguchi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 20. |
Setchuushou* Setchūshō |
雪中松 | せっちゅうしょう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 42. |
Setsugaku* | 雪嶽 | せつがく | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Setsuin nishiki* | 雪印錦 | せついんにしき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Setsuryuu Setsuryū |
雪龍 | せつりゅう | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 38. |
Shingetsu | 真月 | しんげつ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | Ref. [1], p. 50. |
Shiragi* | 新羅 | しらぎ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 83. |
Shiunkaku | 紫雲閣 | しうんかく | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Kyushu area | Ref. [1], p. 83. |
Shouen Shōen |
松園 | しょうえん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | Ref. [1], p. 42. |
Shutennou shima Shutennō shima |
朱天王縞 | しゅてんのうしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Shutennou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 86. |
Soraboru* | 徐羅伐 | そらぼる | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling | |
Sumeragi no kanmuri | 皇冠 | すめらぎのかんむり | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Tamakongou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 65. |
Suzukaze | 鈴風 | すずかぜ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Kenkoku no shima' | Ref. [1], p. 98. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tamakagami | 玉鏡 | たまかがみ | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Tamakongou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 66. |
Tamakouro* Tamakōro |
玉香爐 | たまこうろ | Flower (Hanamono) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | |
Tamamushi | 玉虫 | たまむし | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Tamakongou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 67. |
Tamatora | 玉虎 | たまとら | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | Ref. [1], p. 72. |
Tanchounomai shima Tanchōnomai shima |
丹頂の舞縞 | たんちょうのまいしま | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Tanchou no mai' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 72. |
Tengen | 天玄 | てんげん | Bean leaf (Mameba) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Sasumaru' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 108. |
Tengyokuhou fukurin Tengyokuhō fukurin |
天玉宝覆輪 | てんぎょくほうふくりん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Tengyokuhou' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 69. |
Tenmei* | 天明 | てんめい | Unique (Tokushu) | Green | Green | Crescent moon | 'Suminagashi' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 34. |
Tenryuu nishiki Tenryū nishiki |
天龍錦 | てんりゅうにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kyushu area (?) | Ref. [1], p. 24. |
Tensei | 天晴 | てんせい | Bean leaf with marginal variegation (Mameba fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Tamakongou' mutation found in Oita Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 66. |
Terukuni | 照国 | てるくに | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | Ref. [1], p. 84. |
Tousanka | 桃山香 | とうさんか | Bean leaf with stripe (Mameba shima) | Mud | Mud | Wave | - | Ref. [1], p. 72. |
Tsukikage | 月影 | つきかげ | Bean leaf with marginal variegation (Mameba fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Wave | 'Kaioumaru' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 70. |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unkaku* | 雲鶴 | うんかく | Center variegation (Nakafu) | Mud | Ruby | Crescent moon | Amami seedling in Cheju Island | |
Urakouryuu Urakōryū |
裏甲龍 | うらこうりゅう | Mutated leaf (Hagawari) | Green | Green | Wave | Wakayama Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 55. |
Utage* | 宴 | うたげ | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Amami seedling |
Romanization | Kanji | Hiragana | Trait | Stem | Root | Leaf Joint | Habitat/Mother | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yasuha | 夜須羽 | やすは | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon or no joint | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 23. |
Yasukuni | 靖国 | やすくに | Bean leaf with marginal variegation (Mameba fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Wave | Mutation of 'Tamakongou' | Ref. [1], p. 67. |
Yoroidooshi shima Yoroidōshi shima |
鎧通し縞 | よろしどおししま | Needle leaf with stripe (Mameba shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Mutation of 'Yoroidooshi' | Ref. [1], p. 75. |
Yorozu nishiki | 萬錦 | よろずにしき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | Ref. [1], p. 85. |
Youmeimon Yōmeimon |
陽明門 | ようめいもん | Unique (Tokushu) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | - | Ref. [1], p. 72. |
Yukimizuki | 雪観月 | ゆきみづき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Setsuzan' seedling | Ref. [1], p. 80. |
Yumiharizuki | 弓張月 | ゆみはりづき | Marginal variegation (Fukurin) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | 'Renjoumaru' mutation found in Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 34. |
Yuuzen nishiki Yūzen nishiki |
友禅錦 | ゆうぜんにしき | Stripe (Shima) | Mud | Mud | Crescent moon | Kochi Pref. | Ref. [1], p. 16. |