Abstract
From the palynological perspective, Passiflora subgen. Astrophea shows itself as a very interesting subgenus. The main aim of this study is to provide micro-characters that allow the recognition of taxa and the circumscription of the Passiflora subgen. Astrophea. The pollen was acetolyzed, measured, described and illustrated under light microscopy and non-acetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed in scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative data were subjected to multivariate analysis. The pollen grains are 6-colporate, 3-endoapertures clearly lalongate, unique for each pair of ectoaperture; tectate, partially tectate or semitectate exine, when present, muri may be only around the apertures or they may be remaining muri, continuous or discontinuous, simplicolumellate or duplicolumellate. The results defined four types of pollen, based on sexine, three of which were recognized by multivariate analysis. This study shows the importance of pollen morphology for the taxonomy of group, allowing a reassessment of the subgenus currently established and, hence, a better understanding of the recognized phylogenetic lineages.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Araújo RCMS, Santos FAR (2004) Palinologia de espécies do Gênero Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Sitientibus Ser Ci Biol 4:37–42
Barrios L, Cartano CM, Cardoso CI, Déeckenbrugge G, Arroyane JA, Olaya CA (2005) Caracterización Del pollen de espécies de los géneros Passiflora e Dilkea. Acta Agron 54:19–23
Bernacci LC, Cervi AC, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Nunes TS, Imig DC, Mezzonato AC (2015) Passifloraceae in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 28 March, 2015. Available at http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB182
Brummitt RK, Powell CE (1992) Vascular plants families and genera. Royal Bot. Gard, Kew
Deginani NB (1999) Passifloraceae L. Flora Del Valle de Lerma. Aport Bot Salta Ser Fl 6:1–20
Dettke GA, Santos RP (2009) Tipos de aberturas dos grãos de pólen de espécies de Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae). Acta Bot Brasil 23:1119–1128
Erdtman G (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy—angiosperms. Almqvist & Wiksells Press, Stockholm
Escobar LK (1988) Passifloraceae. In: Pinto P, Lozano G (eds) Fl. Colombia (Cortes) v.10 (?), p 138
Feuillet C, Macdougal J (2003) A new infrageneric classification of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae). Passiflora. J Newsl Passiflora Soc Int 13:34–38
Hansen AK (2004) Systematic studies in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae). P.h.D. thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, USA, p 131
Hansen AK, Gilbert LE, Simpson BB, Downie SR, Cervi AC, Jansen RK (2006) Phylogenetic relationships and chromosome number evolution in Passiflora. Syst Bot 31:138–150
Holm-Nielsen LB, Jorgensen PM, Lawesson JE (1988) Passifloraceae. In: Harling GE, Andersson L (eds) Fl. Ecuador 31, pp 1–130
Killip EP (1938) The American species of Passifloraceae. Publ Field Mus Nat Hist Bot Ser 19:1–613
Mabberley DJ (1997) The plant book. A portable dictionary of the vascular plants, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
McCune B, Mefford MJ (2006) Pc-Ord, version 5.0, multivariate analysis of ecological data. MjM Solfware Desing, Glaneden Beach
Melhem TS, Cruz-Barros MAV, Corrêa AMS, Makino-Watanabe H, Silvestre-Capelato MSF, Gonçalves-Esteves VL (2003) Variabilidade polínica em plantas de Campos de Jordão Bol. Inst Bot (São Paulo) 16:9–104
Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Gonçalves-Esteves V, Baumgratz JFA (2004) Palinotaxonomia das espécies de Passiflora L. subgen Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. (Passifloraceae) no Sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasil Bot 27:655–665
Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Souza FC, Baumgratz JFA, Gonçalves-Esteves V (2010) Palinotaxonomia de Passiflora L. subgen Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. (Passifloraceae) no Brasil. Acta Bot Brasil 24:133–145
Muschner VC (2005) Filogenia molecular, taxas evolutivas, tempo de divergência e herança organelar em Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae). P.h.D. thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre
Muschner VC, Lorenz AP, Cervi AC, Bonatto SL, Souza-Chies TT, Salzano FM, Freitas LB (2003) A first molecular phyllogenetic analysis in Passiflora (Passifloraceae). Amer J Bot 90:1229–1238
Presting D (1965) Zur Morfhologie der pollenkörner der Passifloraceen. Pollen Spores 7:193–247
Punt W, Blackmore S, Nilsson S, Le Thomas A (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 143:1–81
Silvério A, Mariath JEA (2014) Comparative structure of the pollen in species of Passiflora: insights from the pollen wall and cytoplasm contents. Pl Syst Evol 300:347–358
Tangarife MMM, Caetano CM, Chávez-Servia J (2011) Palinología de algunas especies de Passifloraceae neotropicales. Rev Invest Univ Quíndio 22:141–149
Thiers B [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. 15 November, 2014. Available at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
Ulmer T, Macdougal JM (2004) Passiflora: Passionflowers of the world. Cambridge Timber Press, Cambridge
Yockteng R, Nadot S (2003) Phylogenetic relationships among Passiflora species based on the glutamine synthtase nuclear gene expressed in chloroplast (ncpGS). Molec Phylogen Evol 31:379–396
Zamberlan PM (2007) Filogenia de Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae): questões infra-subgenéricas. Master thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, p 105
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Noêmia Rodrigues Gonçalves (Instituto de Biofísica-UFRJ) who helped with the SEM. This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).
Conflict of interest
We approve the changes and declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethical Statement
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent
For this type of study formal consent is not required.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handling editor: Michael Hesse.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mezzonato-Pires, A.C., Milward-de-Azevedo, M.A., Mendonça, C.B.F. et al. Pollen morphology and detailed sexine of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae). Plant Syst Evol 301, 2189–2202 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-015-1223-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-015-1223-0