Sony W530 has a
14.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features BIONZ processor. On the other hand, Sony W830 has a
20.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features Bionz processor.
Sony W830's sensor provides 6MP more than Sony W530's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the W530 and W830 sensor size comparison.
Sony W530 and Sony W830 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Sony W530 has 42% larger pixel area compared to Sony W830, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.